This work is a translation by author Dr. Erika de Poorter of the important Sarugaku dangi (‘Talks on Sarugaku’), a collection of comments by the actor, playwright and critic Zeami (1363-1443) as recorded by his son Motoyoshi. Sarugaku is the original term for Nō, the classical Japanese theatre of which Zeami is the founding father. The Sarugaku dangi is generally considered as belonging to Zeami’s transmitted writings (densho), but more specifically it forms part of his treatises on Nō (Nōgakuron). In addition to two letters and a number of Nō plays, 21 of Zeami’s writings are known today. These writings were been secretly preserved by a few families, and are also called hidensho (‘secretly transmitted writings’) or hiden (‘secret traditions’). These secret texts were discovered and published from 1908, with the last of Zeami’s treatises coming to light in 1956. The Sarugaku dangi is a unique source for the history of early Nō. The present translation, preceded by an extensive introduction on Zeami and his work, is directed at theatre specialists with no knowledge of written Japanese, and is also intended as a reference work for Japanologists.
The images of children that abound in Western art do not simply mirror reality; they are imaginative constructs, representing childhood as a special stage of human life, or emblematic of the human condition itself. In a compelling book ranging widely across time, national boundaries, and genres from ancient Egyptian amulets to Picasso's Guernica, Erika Langmuir demonstrates that no historic period has a monopoly on the 'discovery of childhood'. Famous pictures by great artists, as well as barely known anonymous artefacts, illustrate not only Western society's perennially ambivalent attitudes to children, but also the many and varied functions that works of art have played throughout its history.
This long-anticipated reference and sourcebook for CaliforniaÕs remarkable ecological abundance provides an integrated assessment of each major ecosystem typeÑits distribution, structure, function, and management. A comprehensive synthesis of our knowledge about this biologically diverse state, Ecosystems of California covers the state from oceans to mountaintops using multiple lenses: past and present, flora and fauna, aquatic and terrestrial, natural and managed. Each chapter evaluates natural processes for a specific ecosystem, describes drivers of change, and discusses how that ecosystem may be altered in the future. This book also explores the drivers of CaliforniaÕs ecological patterns and the history of the stateÕs various ecosystems, outlining how the challenges of climate change and invasive species and opportunities for regulation and stewardship could potentially affect the stateÕs ecosystems. The text explicitly incorporates both human impacts and conservation and restoration efforts and shows how ecosystems support human well-being. Edited by two esteemed ecosystem ecologists and with overviews by leading experts on each ecosystem, this definitive work will be indispensable for natural resource management and conservation professionals as well as for undergraduate or graduate students of CaliforniaÕs environment and curious naturalists.
This monograph thoroughly illustrates the debate on federalism and regionalism as it emerged in Italy in the years preceding the unification of 1861 and then again in the early 1990s, a debate mainly centred on the deep socio-economic differences between the North and the South of the country. Torn between centripetal and centrifugal forces, the Italian regional model implemented with the 1948 constitution and strengthened in 2001 provokes questions that intersect with topical debates engaging scholars globally, potentially stimulating comparative discussions. While the future of Italian regionalism remains unclear, the Italian regional model combines lessons coming from different theoretical experiences, including federalism, sub-state nationalism, and the European unification process, representing a novel experiment fashioned by those who were looking for a compromise between unitary and federal schemes.
This work is a translation by author Dr. Erika de Poorter of the important Sarugaku dangi (‘Talks on Sarugaku’), a collection of comments by the actor, playwright and critic Zeami (1363-1443) as recorded by his son Motoyoshi. Sarugaku is the original term for Nō, the classical Japanese theatre of which Zeami is the founding father. The Sarugaku dangi is generally considered as belonging to Zeami’s transmitted writings (densho), but more specifically it forms part of his treatises on Nō (Nōgakuron). In addition to two letters and a number of Nō plays, 21 of Zeami’s writings are known today. These writings were been secretly preserved by a few families, and are also called hidensho (‘secretly transmitted writings’) or hiden (‘secret traditions’). These secret texts were discovered and published from 1908, with the last of Zeami’s treatises coming to light in 1956. The Sarugaku dangi is a unique source for the history of early Nō. The present translation, preceded by an extensive introduction on Zeami and his work, is directed at theatre specialists with no knowledge of written Japanese, and is also intended as a reference work for Japanologists.
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