This chapter defines risk-taking in organic synthesis as the deliberate pursuit of strategies that do not have near neighbors in the chemical literature. In these ventures into the unknown, chemical behavior can be difficult to predict. The literature of organic chemistry is replete with examples of powerful, bond-forming strategies that had little or no precedent when they were developed. This essay addresses some of those examples in an effort to demonstrate the merits of creative risk-taking in the planning and execution of organic syntheses.
Microbes catalyze countless chemical reactions in nature which control the chemistry of the environment. Aquatic Geomicrobiology looks at these reactions and their effect on the aquatic environments from the perspective of the microbes involved. The volume begins with three introductory chapters outlining the basic principles of microbial systematics, microbial ecology, and chemical thermodynamics. These provide a framework for exploring the microbial control of elemental cycling in the remaining chapters. Readers will learn how microbes control the cycling of elements, the structure of the microbial ecosystems involved, and what environmental factors influence the activities of microbial populations. Also available in hardback Written by international experts in the microbial ecology and biogeochemistry of aquatic systems Includes introductory chapters on microbial systematics, principles of microbial ecology, and chemical thermodynamics Contains over 1500 references
This small but information-packed book is the first to focus exclusively on iatrogenic vascular injuries. It is a timely first, for the scope and magnitude of this subject have reached almost epidemic proportions recently, as a result of exponential increases in the use of invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures by almost every medical and surgical speciality. The data on vascular trauma from "civilian" experiences are becoming dominated by injuries of iatrogenic cause. Even were it not for medical-legal liability, the importance of prompt recognition and correct treatment of injuries that we ourselves cause is obvious, as is the need for preventive measures to be clearly identified and adopted. This book serves these needs well through a nicely balanced focus on prevention, on the one hand, with its comprehensive review of epidemiology and etiology, and on management, on the other, with its practical comments on diagnosis, treatment and outcome. The organization of this book makes it very usable. After chapters on both arterial and venous catheterization injuries, there follows a thorough analysis of injuries associated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and other endovascular procedures. Then, after a chapter on noninvasive vascular injuries, there follows a series of chapters dealing with vascular injuries associated with the practice of specific specialties: radiation therapy, orthopedics, neurosurgery (especially lumbar disc surgery), gynecology, head and neck surgery, urology, adult general surgery, and pediatric surgery.
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