If you're a PHP developer looking for proven solutions to common problems, this cookbook provides code recipes to help you resolve numerous scenarios. By leveraging modern versions of PHP through version 8.1, these self-contained recipes provide fully realized solutions that can help you solve similar problems in your day-to-day work. Whether you're new to development or merely new to PHP, these recipes will help you unpack the most powerful features of this programming language. Author Eric Mann, a regular contributor to php[architec magazine, frequently makes presentations on software architecture and has built scalable projects for startups and Fortune 500 companies alike. Learn the type system of modern PHP Build efficient applications composed of functions and objects Understand key concepts such as encryption, error handling, debugging, and performance tuning Explore the PHP package/extension ecosystem Learn how to build basic web and basic command-line applications Work securely with files on a machine, both encrypted and in plain text
Improving public schools through performance-based funding Spurred by court rulings requiring states to increase public-school funding, the United States now spends more per student on K-12 education than almost any other country. Yet American students still achieve less than their foreign counterparts, their performance has been flat for decades, millions of them are failing, and poor and minority students remain far behind their more advantaged peers. In this book, Eric Hanushek and Alfred Lindseth trace the history of reform efforts and conclude that the principal focus of both courts and legislatures on ever-increasing funding has done little to improve student achievement. Instead, Hanushek and Lindseth propose a new approach: a performance-based system that directly links funding to success in raising student achievement. This system would empower and motivate educators to make better, more cost-effective decisions about how to run their schools, ultimately leading to improved student performance. Hanushek and Lindseth have been important participants in the school funding debate for three decades. Here, they draw on their experience, as well as the best available research and data, to show why improving schools will require overhauling the way financing, incentives, and accountability work in public education.
Mrs Astor, queen of New York society in the decades before World War I, used her prestige to create a social aristocracy in the city. Mrs Astor's story, told here by Eric Homberger, sheds light on the origins, extravagant lifestyle, and social competitiveness of this aristocracy.
The thematic term on ?Semigroups, Algorithms, Automata and Languages? organized at the International Centre of Mathematics (Coimbra, Portugal) in May-July 2001 was the gathering point for researchers working in the field of semigroups, algorithms, automata and languages. These areas were selected considering their huge recent developments, their potential applications, and the motivation from other fields of mathematics and computer science.This proceedings volume is a unique collection of advanced courses and original contributions on semigroups and their connections with logic, automata, languages, group theory, discrete dynamics, topology and complexity. A selection of open problems discussed during the thematic term is also included.
Treasury of revelation and religious wisdom offers authentic, intimate insights. Birth of Islam; biography of Muhammad; rise, decline, and fall of caliphate; development of modern mentality; evolution from basic piety to specialized sects; dervish life; Sufi ideas. Incorporates numerous examples of Arab literature, speeches, letters, and songs.
Throughout the 1800s the process of industrialization contributed to painful social upheaval and wrenching political readjustments in the Kingdom of Prussia, traditionally viewed as Europe's great, modernizing, economic leader. This book illuminates the early years of this transition by examining the contradictory economic policies adopted by the state after Prussia's defeat by Napoleon. A fascinating history of modernization emerges as Eric Dorn Brose explores competing visions among soldiers, businessmen, and bureaucrats, who, largely influenced by the ideals of classical antiquity, conceived of industry in ways quite different from what it actually came to be. Brose focuses on the varying attitudes of Prussians toward their own times, the nature of the Prussian state, and the ways the state both helped and hindered early industrialization. In a highly nuanced analysis of the rivaling intrastate agencies, cultures, and political factions that shaped state policy, he accords a pivotal role to Frederick William III. Included is an investigation of the political struggle over ownership, control, and promotion of the forces of production--a crisis that was only gradually resolved at the end of the century. Originally published in 1993. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Beginning in 1984, Eric Dinerstein led a team directly responsible for the recovery of the greater one-horned rhinoceros in the Royal Chitwan National Park in Nepal, where the population had once declined to as few as 100 rhinos. The Return of the Unicorns is an account of what it takes to save endangered large mammals. In its pages, Dinerstein outlines the multifaceted recovery program—structured around targeted fieldwork and scientific research, effective protective measures, habitat planning and management, public-awareness campaigns, economic incentives to promote local guardianship, and bold, uncompromising leadership—that brought these extraordinary animals back from the brink of extinction. In an age when scientists must also become politicians, educators, fund-raisers, and activists to safeguard the subjects that they study, Dinerstein's inspiring story offers a successful model for large-mammal conservation that can be applied throughout Asia and across the globe.
Investment treaty arbitration is fast becoming one of the most common methods of dispute settlement in international law. Despite having ancient roots, tensions remain between the private interests in international investment relations and the public international law features of the arbitral procedure. This book, which presents an account of investment treaty arbitration as a part of public international law - as opposed to commercial law - provides an important contribution to the literature on this subject. Eric De Brabandere examines the procedural implications of conceiving of investment treaty arbitration in such a way, with regard to issues such as the principles of confidentiality and privacy, and remedies. The author demonstrates how the public international law character of investment treaty arbitration derives from, and has impacted upon, the dispute settlement procedure.
This innovative book provides both the conceptual framework and clinical methods needed to appropriately handle problems that arise in the administration of Miranda warnings and waivers. Largely overlooked for decades, Miranda rights have been compromised in multiple ways, and in millions of cases. For example, each year, thousands of adult arrestees with intellectual disabilities or severe mental disorders waive their rights with markedly impaired Miranda understanding and reasoning. This also applies to thousands of developmentally immature juvenile detainees, who are often provided with complex warnings far beyond their comprehension levels. Addressing this continued crisis, Conducting Miranda Evaluations presents balanced and empirically based guidelines for conducting forensic assessments and communicating their empirical conclusions to the legal community. This book provides psychologists, and related professionals with the essential forensic and legal knowledge for carrying out evaluations of both Miranda comprehension and waiver-relevant reasoning.
This paperback edition of this seminal new study of a key battle of the Civil Wars re-examines one of England's most mysterious battlefields at Edgehill, and it combines the work of three outstanding military historians. Each is an expert in the areas of battlefield interpretation, military equipment and organization, and battle casualties and care. Their unique blend of knowledge gives a fascinating insight into one of the most famous and often misunderstood engagements of the conflict. It also introduces an exciting and innovative approach to understanding the battle and the battlefield.
Social insects--ants, bees, termites, and wasps--can be viewed as powerful problem-solving systems with sophisticated collective intelligence. Composed of simple interacting agents, this intelligence lies in the networks of interactions among individuals and between individuals and the environment. A fascinating subject, social insects are also a powerful metaphor for artificial intelligence, and the problems they solve--finding food, dividing labor among nestmates, building nests, responding to external challenges--have important counterparts in engineering and computer science. This book provides a detailed look at models of social insect behavior and how to apply these models in the design of complex systems. The book shows how these models replace an emphasis on control, preprogramming, and centralization with designs featuring autonomy, emergence, and distributed functioning. These designs are proving immensely flexible and robust, able to adapt quickly to changing environments and to continue functioning even when individual elements fail. In particular, these designs are an exciting approach to the tremendous growth of complexity in software and information. Swarm Intelligence draws on up-to-date research from biology, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, robotics, operations research, and computer graphics, and each chapter is organized around a particular biological example, which is then used to develop an algorithm, a multiagent system, or a group of robots. The book will be an invaluable resource for a broad range of disciplines.
Now published by Worth, Eric Corty’s engaging, easy-to-understand textbook focuses on the needs of behavioral science students encountering statistical practices for the first time. An award-winning master teacher, Corty speaks to students in their language, with an approachable voice that conveys the basics of statistics step-by-step. Examples come from the behavioral and social sciences, as well as from recognizable aspects of everyday life to help students see the relevance of statistics.
Cocaine produces its psychoactive & addictive effects primarily by acting on the brain¿s limbic system, a set of interconnected regions that regulate pleasure & motivation. An initial, short-term effect -- a buildup of the neurochemical dopamine -- gives rise to euphoria & a desire to take the drug again. Researchers are seeking to understand how cocaine¿s many longer term effects produce addiction¿s persistent cravings & risk of relapse. This paper focuses on the buildup of the genetic transcription factor DeltaFosB in the limbic system which correlate with addiction-like behaviors in mice & may precipitate very long-lasting changes to nerve cell structure. This is one of the first steps toward an understanding of the transition from cocaine abuse to addiction.
Of Rule-Making and Amendment Process -- Federal Rules of Evidence -- General Provisions -- Judicial Notice -- Presumptions in Civil Actions and Proceedings -- Relevancy and Its Limits -- Privileges -- Witnesses -- Opinions and Expert Testimony -- Hearsay -- Authentication and Identification -- Contents of Writings, Recordings, and Photographs -- Miscellaneous Rules -- Amendments to the Federal Rules of Evidence Proposed but Pending Adoption -- Federal Rules of Evidence Adopted by the United States Supreme Court but not Adopted by Congress -- California Evidence Code -- Preliminary Provisions and Construction -- Words and Phrases Defined -- General Provisions -- Judicial Notice -- Burden of Proof; Burden of Producing Evidence; Presumptions and Inferences -- Witnesses -- Opinion Testimony and Scientific Evidence -- Privileges -- Evidence Affected or Excluded by Extrinsic Policies -- Hearsay Evidence -- Writings -- Case Supplement -- Categorical Rules of Exclusion -- Rules of Admissibility in Non-Jury Cases -- Should the Rules of Evidence Be Modified for Civil Non-Jury Trials? / Peter L. Murray, John C. Sheldon -- Evidence of Character -- Wilson v. State -- Competency, Examination, and Credibility of Witnesses -- Evidence and Legal Ethics -- Trial Lawyers' Ethics / Peter L. Murray -- Privileges -- United States v. Hayes.
The most comprehensive and up-to-date optics resource available Prepared under the auspices of the Optical Society of America, the five carefully architected and cross-referenced volumes of the Handbook of Optics, Third Edition, contain everything a student, scientist, or engineer requires to actively work in the field. From the design of complex optical systems to world-class research and development methods, this definitive publication provides unparalleled access to the fundamentals of the discipline and its greatest minds. Individual chapters are written by the world's most renowned experts who explain, illustrate, and solve the entire field of optics. Each volume contains a complete chapter listing for the entire Handbook, extensive chapter glossaries, and a wealth of references. This pioneering work offers unprecedented coverage of optics data, techniques, and applications. Volume IV covers optical properties of materials, nonlinear optics, and quantum optics.
Challenging the formality and idealized settings of conventional methods teaching and opting instead for a real world approach to social research, this book offers frank, practical advice designed to empower students and researchers alike. Theoretically robust and with an exhaustive coverage of key methodologies and methods the title establishes the cornerstones of social research. Examples reflect research conducted inside and outside formal university settings and range from the extremes of war torn countries to the complexities of school classrooms. Supported by a wealth of learning features and tools the textbook and website include: Video top tips Podcasts Full text journal articles Interviews with researchers conducting field research Links to external websites and blogs Student exercises Real world case studies
Like firemen paramedics are some of the most celebrated everyday heroes we have! The history of ambulances goes way back but the Spanish used them to carry wounded already in 1487 during the Siege of Málaga, part of the Reconquista. The U.S. Army started using ambulances in 1865 and soon after major cities like Cincinnati and New York City began using harse drawn civilian ambulances. Today, rescue vehicles are technologically highly developed with specialized equipment and specially trained paramedics to keep people alive until they can get care at a hospital. We honor all fire fighters and rescue workers on this 4th of July 2023 and hope you will enjoy our selection of photos.
This game-changing “how-to” shows leaders how to increase engagement by harnessing employees’ motivation for happiness. Our efforts to increase employee engagement are failing because employees simply aren’t motivated to improve their engagement. In this illuminating book from Eric Karpinski, managers and team leaders will learn the key to effectively engaging employees: focus on happiness. But not all types of happiness drive engagement; by selecting specific strategies that activate employees’ inherent motivation for certain types of happiness, you can simultaneously boost engagement and organizational performance. Everybody wins. In Put Happiness to Work, Karpinski draws on his deep experience at the intersection of business and psychology to lay out a step-by-step program that includes specific activities to enhance engagement and generate happiness at work. Utilizing existing work habits and meetings, these dynamic yet simple tools will hardwire effective changes into leaders’ and employees’ behavior, creating long-term, sustainable engagement. Based on more than 10 years of experience applying top positive psychology and neuroscience research in the workplace, Karpinski’s strategies are easy to implement and are critical to helping leaders unlock the kind of engagement organizations need to thrive.
Praise for the Second Edition “This book should be an essential part of the personal library of every practicing statistician.”—Technometrics Thoroughly revised and updated, the new edition of Nonparametric Statistical Methods includes additional modern topics and procedures, more practical data sets, and new problems from real-life situations. The book continues to emphasize the importance of nonparametric methods as a significant branch of modern statistics and equips readers with the conceptual and technical skills necessary to select and apply the appropriate procedures for any given situation. Written by leading statisticians, Nonparametric Statistical Methods, Third Edition provides readers with crucial nonparametric techniques in a variety of settings, emphasizing the assumptions underlying the methods. The book provides an extensive array of examples that clearly illustrate how to use nonparametric approaches for handling one- or two-sample location and dispersion problems, dichotomous data, and one-way and two-way layout problems. In addition, the Third Edition features: The use of the freely available R software to aid in computation and simulation, including many new R programs written explicitly for this new edition New chapters that address density estimation, wavelets, smoothing, ranked set sampling, and Bayesian nonparametrics Problems that illustrate examples from agricultural science, astronomy, biology, criminology, education, engineering, environmental science, geology, home economics, medicine, oceanography, physics, psychology, sociology, and space science Nonparametric Statistical Methods, Third Edition is an excellent reference for applied statisticians and practitioners who seek a review of nonparametric methods and their relevant applications. The book is also an ideal textbook for upper-undergraduate and first-year graduate courses in applied nonparametric statistics.
This is a new edition of the first comprehensive text to show how the advances in molecular and cellular biology and in the basic neurosciences have brought the revolution in molecular medicine to the field of psychiatry. The book begins with a review of basic neuroscience and methods for studying neurobiology in human patients then proceeds to discussions of all major psychiatric syndromes with respect to knowledge of their etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment. Emphasis is placed on synthesizing information across numerous levels of analysis, including molecular biology and genetics, cellular physiology, neuroanatomy, neuropharmacology, and behavior, and in translating information from the basic laboratory to the clinical laboratory and finally to clinical treatment. Editors Dennis Charney and Eric Nestle, along with their six section editors and over 150 contributors, have revised and updated all 80 chapters from the previous edition and have added new chapters on topics relating to, for example, genetics, experimental therapeutics, and late-life mood disorders. Both a textbook and a reference book, Neurobiology of Mental Illness is intended for psychiatrists, neuroscientists, and upper level students.
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