While previous studies focus on lack of enforcement of forest laws, poverty, and ecological values of forest dependent people, coherent studies on people’s motivations for forest illegalities and non-compliance behavior remain scanty. Emmanuel Ametepeh argues that the systematic analysis of cause-and-effect patterns related to forest management measures and policies through the lenses of the Forest Transition Theory uncovers severe limitations. The resulting multi-complex stress factors adversely impact and hence manifest in the form of deviant compliance behavior (“syndrome”) in the management endeavor of forest-fringe people. The Author shows that motivations for forest illegalities and associated non-compliance behavior is largely an outcome of adverse experiences forest people have been subjected to as a result of historical and contemporary neglects and marginalization in the management endeavor.
This volume identifies a coherent legal principle in order to establish a novel duty of care for corporate human rights violations and environmental damages. It examines whether tort and civil law offer better accountability and remedies for victims of corporate human rights abuses, and carries out an in-depth and critical analysis of the concept of corporate accountability. Moreover, a fundamental part of this book is devoted to examining the extent to which international criminal law influences international human rights law in its use of tort law and civil law remedies. Finally, the book sets out a theoretical mechanism for duty of care, as well as a proposal for the establishment of a ‘Hybrid International Transnational Corporation Court’ that would have the potential to effectively interpret the concept of the corporate duty of care under tort law.
The first of its kind, this book offers a simple, yet detailed, step-by-step guide on solving traditional and future mine planning problems. It makes a comprehensive contemporary treatment of the needs of practical knowledge in mine planning of students and professionals in the mining industry. Its integration of spreadsheet modelling allows the reader to analyze more meaningful exercises, rather than simply solving traditional assignment type problems.
An ideal resource for anyone studying current events, social studies, geopolitics, conflict resolution, and political science, this three-volume set provides broad coverage of approximately 80 current international border disputes and conflicts. Border disputes are a common source of political instability and military conflict around the globe, both in the present day and throughout history. Border Disputes: A Global Encyclopedia will serve as an invaluable resource for students studying social studies, political science, human geography, or related subjects. Each volume of this expansive encyclopedia begins with an accessible introduction to the type of dispute to be discussed, identifying the conflict as territorial (Volume 1), positional (Volume 2), or functional (Volume 3). Following the background essay in each volume are comprehensive case study entries on specific international conflicts, examining the disputed area, the reasons for the dispute, and cultural, political, historical, and legal issues relating to the dispute. The third volume will also provide primary documents of legal rulings and important resolutions of various disputes, as well as profiles of key organizations relating to border studies and specific border dispute commissions.
This book is a defense of perspectivism in the age of post-truth. At the crossroads of science, art, and philosophy, it unearths a tradition that we must rediscover: the point of view is not only what divides, it is also what is shared. Today, perspective is associated with individualism and personal viewpoints. But in an age of post-truth, the only robust answer to relativism lies in fact in a reappraisal of perspectivism. In discussion with contemporary new realisms of various sorts, this book makes a case why perspectivism alone can avoid us falling back into epistemological naivetés. A journey into the history of optics, art, philosophy, and social psychology, this book unearths the forgotten tradition of perspectiva communis, which makes perspective the vector of a common horizon. This book argues that vision is never immediate. Rather, to see through is the key to understanding the perspectival operation. We never see by ourselves—all seeing must pass through something other than itself, through the mediation and the detour of an apparatus or the witness of a third party. Besides the theoretical framework for this new approach to perspective, this book presents a series of case studies ranging from innovative interpretations of classical authors and key moments in the history of art—from ancient painting, trompe l’oeil, and Brunelleschi’s experiment in Renaissance Florence—to the issue of perspective in the work of contemporary artists such as Robert Smithson. The Share of Perspective will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working in aesthetics, phenomenology, art history, and the history of sciences.
Derived from the renowned multi-volume International Encyclopaedia of Laws, this book provides ready access to legislation and practice concerning the environment in Uganda. A general introduction covers geographic considerations, political, social and cultural aspects of environmental study, the sources and principles of environmental law, environmental legislation, and the role of public authorities. The main body of the book deals first with laws aimed directly at protecting the environment from pollution in specific areas such as air, water, waste, soil, noise, and radiation. Then, a section on nature and conservation management covers protection of natural and cultural resources such as monuments, landscapes, parks and reserves, wildlife, agriculture, forests, fish, subsoil, and minerals. Further treatment includes the application of zoning and land-use planning, rules on liability, and administrative and judicial remedies to environmental issues. There is also an analysis of the impact of international and regional legislation and treaties on environmental regulation. Its succinct yet scholarly nature, as well as the practical quality of the information it provides, make this book a valuable resource for environmental lawyers handling cases affecting Uganda. Academics and researchers, as well as business investors and the various international organizations in the field, will welcome this very useful guide, and will appreciate its value in the study of comparative environmental law and policy.
This second volume examines laws relating to the civil liabilities of corporations and states in connection with torts or other breaches of international law and human rights law. It illustrates how particular legal principles or rules can be applied or developed to promote corporate accountability, with legal duties that arise under tort law or statutory law. Businesses operate within particular legal regulatory regimes and also within the framework of obligations imposed in tort law. Such laws aim to shape or constrain behaviour for the protection of others in society. There are also environmental protection laws which aim to prevent the release of noxious or hazardous substances, and occupational health and safety laws for the protection of employees. The law of negligence in tort imposes general obligations on persons to take reasonable care to prevent harm to others in circumstances where there is a duty of care. Companies, as legal persons, are required to comply with such legal obligations. The book looks at the role of courts in upholding human rights obligations and providing a forum to resolve corporate human rights abuses issues. If the state does not regulate a specific issue of corporate human rights violations, then the court will address any lacuna in the domestic law by having recourse to (I) rules of international law; (II) general principles of international human rights law; (III) general principles of human rights law common to the major legal systems of the world; (IV) general principles of law that is in agreement with the fundamental requirements of rule of law, and the protection of human dignity and justice; and (V) the general principle of a duty of care (tort of negligence). The book will help lawyers, scholars, and students to see how corporate human rights violations can involve multiple legal principles.
The goal of this book is to provide a mathematical perspective on some key elements of the so-called deep neural networks (DNNs). Much of the interest in deep learning has focused on the implementation of DNN-based algorithms. Our hope is that this compact textbook will offer a complementary point of view that emphasizes the underlying mathematical ideas. We believe that a more foundational perspective will help to answer important questions that have only received empirical answers so far. The material is based on a one-semester course Introduction to Mathematics of Deep Learning" for senior undergraduate mathematics majors and first year graduate students in mathematics. Our goal is to introduce basic concepts from deep learning in a rigorous mathematical fashion, e.g introduce mathematical definitions of deep neural networks (DNNs), loss functions, the backpropagation algorithm, etc. We attempt to identify for each concept the simplest setting that minimizes technicalities but still contains the key mathematics.
From the Pharaohs to Fanon, Dictionary of African Biography provides a comprehensive overview of the lives of the men and women who shaped Africa's history. Unprecedented in scale, DAB covers the whole continent from Tunisia to South Africa, from Sierra Leone to Somalia. It also encompasses the full scope of history from Queen Hatsheput of Egypt (1490-1468 BC) and Hannibal, the military commander and strategist of Carthage (243-183 BC), to Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana (1909-1972), Miriam Makeba and Nelson Mandela of South Africa (1918 -).
The need to respond to the rapidly changing city climate is particularly urgent in the tropics where the urban transition is currently at its peak. While the need is clearly felt by the tropical urban dwellers, texts that provide an overview of the problem and indicate possible design solutions are rare. This comprehensive reference will be welcomed by student and practising architects as well as other built envronment professionals engaged with the environmental effects of building in worldwide warm and humid climates.
Document from the year 2017 in the subject Theology - Miscellaneous, grade: 1, , course: Inter-Confessional Dialogue, language: English, abstract: What has motivated the first part of this paper is the genuine search for a Christian identity within the context of West Cameroon. Cameroon is a multicultural country which has been grouped into two major linguistic areas. French speaking Cameroon constitutes more than 70% of the country while the English speaking part makes up more than 25%. Most often, the story of Cameroon is written in a block and as if it were a complete unit without minding the fact that the two linguistic parts are made up of two different people who have completely different cultures and styles of governance as well as Christian experiences. This began in colonial days, when missionary activities followed colonial principles. Thus to concretely explore the subject of ecumenism in Cameroon, the two units must be studied separately in order to get the true ecumenical story of the country. In this paper, focus will be laid on West Cameroon where ecumenism seems to have been swallowed up under a structure of ecumenism known as CEPCA which operates more than 90% in the French speaking area and by French principles. By exploring this option, this paper seeks to make a clear difference between the experiences of the two territories. The motivation for the second paper on infant water baptism from the perspective of the Presbyterian Church in Cameroon (PCC) is guided by the ecumenical reality of the context of Cameroon and particularly the Western part of Cameroon considered as the English speaking section of the country. The reality shows that there are many arguments and divisions over the issue of water baptism among the churches operating in this area of the country, with each confession trying to criticize the position of the other in the way they do baptism. These criticisms are often time void of a positional defense on why each does their water baptism the way they do. The PCC in particular and the other traditional churches in West Cameroon have suffered from the hands of the Pentecostals or new churches over the issue of infant baptism. These are not able to clearly stipulate why they think infant baptism is bad but have simply thrown it away in favor of adult water baptism. Upon this background, this paper is meant to attempt an explanation of the PCC’s position on baptizing infant with water and why they think it’s a very important rite that must not be neglected within the ministry of the church.
This open access book is focused on the intersection between urban brownfields and the sustainability transitions of metreopolitan areas, cities and neighbourhoods. It provides both a theoretical and practical approach to the topic, offering a thorough introduction to urban brownfields and regeneration projects as well as an operational monitoring tool. Neighbourhoods in Transition begins with an overview of historic urban development and strategic areas in the hearts of towns to be developed. It then defines several key issues related to the topic, including urban brownfields, regeneration projects, and sustainability issues related to neighbourhood development. The second part of this book is focused on support tools, explaining the challenges faced, the steps involved in a regeneration process, and offering an operational monitoring tool. It applies the unique tool to case studies in three selected neighbourhoods and the outcomes of one case study are also presented and discussed, highlighting its benefits. The audience for this book will be both professional and academic. It will support researchers as an up-to-date reference book on urban brownfield regeneration projects, and also the work of architects, urban designers, urban planners and engineers involved in sustainability transitions of the built environment.
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