This book examines the role of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) practitioners in coordinating, creating, and managing regional governance practices in the areas of public health, peace and security, and microfinancial integration. Since 1975, there have been many failed and successful attempts at unconstitutional government changes in West Africa. During this same period, numerous instruments have been designed to promote peace and security in the region. This book examines the role of bureaucratic actors in the ECOWAS in harmonizing regional integration policy in West Africa. Using data from fieldwork in several countries in West Africa, Balogun observes how ECOWAS practitioners network and strategically engage regional stakeholders in health, peace and security, and finance as a means to deepen harmonization between ECOWAS Member States and build a connection with civil society. Balogun argues that the founding conditions of ECOWAS set the organization on an institutional path to adapt its approaches to regional governance. Region-Building in West Africa challenges the idea that self-interested leaders limit regional cooperation. The book also challenges the idea that the bureaucrats in the organization are glorified servants to their governments. Region-Building in West Africa instead focuses on the influence that bureaucrats have in shaping the international policy agenda of ECOWAS. This book will be useful to scholars, students, and practitioners in Africa and beyond who want to better understand the inner workings of African regional organizations, and the processes that drive cooperation across West Africa.
Nigeria presents an enthralling case study for understanding developing architypes in interreligious encounters in Africa. The global community needs a cultural understanding and sensitivity for productive engagement with the Arab and non-Arab Muslim world. The Nigeria religious exigencies provide a requisite intelligence into the challenges facing a global community seeking to foster peace. Without a domain of tolerance, love, equity and justice, Nigeria will continually be immured by pessimism, parochialism, cynicism and mutual suspicion. Despite being the largest economy in Africa and the most populous Black country, Nigeria demonstrates incessantly an uncommon fault-line between Christianity and Islam. The significance of this goes beyond the borders of Nigeria but has become a global showcase anywhere the two religions exist contemporaneously. Nigeria is the nexus between west and central Africa. Rooted in the dusty Sahel of the north, the savannah plains, the rich rainforests of the Atlantic coast, the rocky hills of the West, and the oil-filled swamps of the Delta. Nigeria is the beauty, sound, vision, passion and the soul of the African continent. In Nigeria, the Nigeria Pentecostal-Charismatic Movement possesses a distinctive flair that demands a holistic understanding of the movement’s historical, cultural, fundamental and religious dimensions in a multifarious religious landscape. The disquisition of the movement’s political cognizance, identity, power, authority, theology, popular culture, ethics and missiological impact in northern Nigeria presents a fine embroidery of their trials, frustrations and challenges, but inveterate in faith, hope and love that opens up innovative panoramas of peaceful dialogical prospects and coexistence between Christians and Muslims in northern Nigeria. In Nigeria - Politics, Religion, Pentecostal-Charismatic Power and Challenges, Akintayo Emmanuel reconnoiters the complex missiological hindrances challenging the Nigerian Pentecostal-Charismatic Movement. Their contextual missional landslide disheveled with complicated paradoxes in the way the Christian majority have responded to Muslims in northern Nigeria is anatomized. The Nigerian Pentecostal-Charismatic Movement’s puissance to solve some of Nigeria political, ideological, cultural and spiritual dimensions of crisis and sectarian violence is achievable if the movement can mitigate her missiological hindrances. The responses of Nigerian Pentecostal-Charismatic Movement to Nigeria’s socio-political and ethno-religious complexities can construct a great future for the soul of Nigeria. They do not only have the capacity to provide the Christian alternatives to Nigeria’s peculiarities, they can also stimulate Nigeria’s deification among other nations by continuing to disentangle from unscrupulousness and atrociousness embedded within—a reproach and opprobrium to any people.
“Capitalist Realism” in Africa: Realities and Myths in Advertising is a multifaceted analysis of the role of advertising in the national development of Nigeria, and by extension, other African Nations. The book examines the unique political, cultural and religious systems that create the context for advertising in African countries and describes the unique historical, social, economic, communication and political context within which the practice of advertising takes place. Since the end of the Cold War, the several African nations (or "emerging countries") have undertaken concrete efforts to reform their political, social, and economic institutions as they strive to join the global economy and improve the socioeconomic conditions of their citizens. To achieve these goals, administrators have relied on various forms of mass media – including advertising – to promote these reforms and socioeconomic development. Despite some unique challenges and opportunities as well as controversies surrounding the role of advertising in developing economies, advertising literature relevant to African countries remains in a blind spot. “Capitalist Realism” in Africa: Realities and Myths in Advertising bridges this gap by offering an in-depth analysis of advertising in an area of the world that has been largely neglected and provides a ground for generating a discussion about the practice of advertising in an African context.
Explosion hazards involving mixtures of different states of aggregation continue to occur in facilities where dusts, gases or solvents are handled or processed. In order to prevent or mitigate the risk associated with these mixtures, more knowledge of the explosion behavior of hybrid mixtures is required. The aim of this study is to undertake an extensive investigation on the explosion phenomenon of hybrid mixtures to obtain insight into the driving mechanisms and the explosion features affecting the course of hybrid mixture explosions. This was accomplished by performing an extensive experimental and theoretical investigation on the various explosion parameters such as: minimum ignition temperature, minimum ignition energy, limiting oxygen concentration, lower explosion limits and explosion severity. Mixtures of twenty combustible dusts ranging from food substances, metals, plastics, natural products, fuels and artificial materials; three gases; and six solvents were used to carry out this study. Three different standard equipments: the 20-liter sphere (for testing lower explosion limits, limiting oxygen concentration and explosion severity), the modified Hartmann apparatus (for testing minimum ignition energy) and the modified Godbert–Greenwald (GG) furnace (for testing minimum ignition temperature) were used. The test protocols were in accordance with the European standard procedures for dust testing for each parameter. However, modifications were made on each equipment in order to test the explosion properties of gases, solvents, and hybrid mixtures. The experimental results demonstrated a significant decrease of the minimum ignition temperature, minimum ignition energy and limiting oxygen concentration of gas or solvent and increase in the likelihood of explosion when a small amount of dust, which was either below the minimum explosion concentration or not ignitable by itself, was mixed with gas or solvent and vice versa. For example, methane with minimum ignition temperature of 600 °C decreased to 530 °C when 30 g/m3 of toner dust, which is 50 % below its minimum explosible concentration was, added. A similar explosion behavior was observed for minimum ignition energy and limiting oxygen concentration. Furthermore, it was generally observed that the addition of a non-explosible concentration of flammable gas or spray to a dust-air mixture increases the maximum explosion pressure to some extent and significantly increases the maximum rate of pressure rise of the dust mixture, even though the added concentrations of gases or vapor are below its lower explosion limit. Finally, it could be said that, one cannot rely on the explosion properties of a single substance to ensure full protection of an equipment or a process if substances with different states of aggregate are present.
You know, I know, everybody in leadership knows that truth is not enough to win in governance, particularly when you are destined to change the attitude, character and disposition of a legitimate Christianity and Islamic religious mafia, or the established culture of the people and the monarchial establishment that has existed over 5000 years before you are born, an establishment that are more powerful than any elected person to run Nigeria government, because these establishment are rooted in the perpetual legacy of Nigeria imperialist masters whose legacy for Nigeria social and economic advancement are perpetuated by the western media employees who are paid by their boss to use media propaganda as the super power weapon of warfare to put Nigeria and Nigerians down as corrupt. internet scams artists.dishonest and terrorists. And what shall we say then, if the west and Nigeria media is not for us, who shall not be against revolution? but the people of Nigerian, despite the antagonistic posture of some News Editors of major Nigerian Radio, Television and Newspapers who are trained in the school of western media propaganda, negative reporting about this movement of the people, we shall overcome. Despite the fact that all Nigeria political leadership operates under the control of the western media and Nigeria press boys and girls to perpetuate an age long agenda, we shall overcome, despite the fact that the media believe that there is no single Nigerian alive that is not corrupt, we shall overcome, despite the fact that some Nigeria press boys and girls has become a complete idiot in 2010 and are clueless about the imperialist masters codes to rule Nigeria with a remote control using media propaganda as their weapon of welfare to stop Nigeria socio-political and economy advancement, I say again. that we shall overcome.
From the Pharaohs to Fanon, Dictionary of African Biography provides a comprehensive overview of the lives of the men and women who shaped Africa's history. Unprecedented in scale, DAB covers the whole continent from Tunisia to South Africa, from Sierra Leone to Somalia. It also encompasses the full scope of history from Queen Hatsheput of Egypt (1490-1468 BC) and Hannibal, the military commander and strategist of Carthage (243-183 BC), to Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana (1909-1972), Miriam Makeba and Nelson Mandela of South Africa (1918 -).
This book examines the role of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) practitioners in coordinating, creating, and managing regional governance practices in the areas of public health, peace and security, and microfinancial integration. Since 1975, there have been many failed and successful attempts at unconstitutional government changes in West Africa. During this same period, numerous instruments have been designed to promote peace and security in the region. This book examines the role of bureaucratic actors in the ECOWAS in harmonizing regional integration policy in West Africa. Using data from fieldwork in several countries in West Africa, Balogun observes how ECOWAS practitioners network and strategically engage regional stakeholders in health, peace and security, and finance as a means to deepen harmonization between ECOWAS Member States and build a connection with civil society. Balogun argues that the founding conditions of ECOWAS set the organization on an institutional path to adapt its approaches to regional governance. Region-Building in West Africa challenges the idea that self-interested leaders limit regional cooperation. The book also challenges the idea that the bureaucrats in the organization are glorified servants to their governments. Region-Building in West Africa instead focuses on the influence that bureaucrats have in shaping the international policy agenda of ECOWAS. This book will be useful to scholars, students, and practitioners in Africa and beyond who want to better understand the inner workings of African regional organizations, and the processes that drive cooperation across West Africa.
This book examines the role of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) practitioners in coordinating, creating, and managing regional governance practices in the areas of public health, peace and security, and micro-financial integration. Since 1975, there have been many failed and successful attempts at unconstitutional government changes in West Africa. During this same period, numerous instruments have been designed to promote peace and security in the region. This book examines the role of bureaucratic actors in the ECOWAS in harmonizing regional integration policy in West Africa. Using data from fieldwork in several countries in West Africa, Balogun observes how ECOWAS practitioners network and strategically engage regional stakeholders in Health, Peace and Security, and Finance as a means to deepen harmonization between ECOWAS member states and build a connection with civil society. Balogun argues that the founding conditions of ECOWAS set the organization on an institutional path to adapt its approaches to regional governance. This work will prove useful to scholars of regionalism, region-building and institutions and to those studying West Africa more specifically"--
The peculiar and moving story of a Congolese boy's coming-of-age amid the political strife of postcolonial Congo His nickname is Matapari, which means "trouble." He is an African child of the '90s--brilliant, mischievous, postcolonial, postmodern-caught in the crossfire of a chaotically liberated African country. Matapari grows up in a world of talking drums, the Internet, and satellite TV, a world of dictators who remake themselves as democrats overnight. His uncle is a stooge for the dictator; his father is a scholarly recluse obsessed with proving that blacks played key roles in Western history. Matapari is a young man in the middle--but the shrewdness and wit with which he tells his often riotously funny story set him apart from his relatives and countrymen. Emmanuel Dongala uses the ingenious viewpoint of a child to show up the telltale world of adults--and to show how one preserves one's independence in a corrupt and violent society.
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