Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is a key lipogenic enzyme catalyzing the terminal steps in the synthesis of fatty acids. In the majority of normal tissues, FAS expression is low. In many human cancers, however, including cancer of the prostate, FAS expression and FAS activity are very high. As shown in the laboratory, overexpression of FAS in tumor cells is part of a more general and coordinate upregulation of multiple lipogenic genes caused, at least in part, by activation of sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs), transcription factors that play a key role in cellular lipid homeostasis. The mechanisms underlying the activation of the SREBP pathway and the increase in lipogenesis in tumor cells as well as the ultimate biological significance of this phenomenon remain poorly understood. Nonetheless there is evidence that overexpression of lipogenic genes occurs early in tumor development and that the degree of overexpression correlates with increasing tumor grade. Moreover, a number of studies suggest that inhibition of FAS selectively reduces proliferation of tumor cells and causes apoptosis, implying that FAS and other lipogenic enzymes may constitute interesting targets for antineoplastic therapy.
Jan Tschichold: A Life in Typography offers a concise biography of this complex figure, accompanied by numerous annotated illustrations of his work. An excellent introduction for those unfamiliar with Tschichold's influential style, it also offers the experienced designer an outstanding collection of his wide-ranging designs.
Published in conjunction with a 1995 exhibit at The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, this catalog features extensive explication of a relatively unknown art, focusing on problems of style, workshop techniques, the dissemination of designs, iconographic variety, the functions of the diversity of drawings, details of specific patrons and commissions, and the leading centers of Lowlands stained-glass production--Ghent, Bruges, and Leiden. Includes 455 bandw and 22 color illustrations. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
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