After the NOrman conquest, women and the lower classes became the primary audiences for English, as opposed to Latin or French, literature. Among the works written for female audiences are the hitherto neglected AB texts: three female saints' lives, a tract on virginity, a homily, and a guide for anchoresses. In this lucid, innovative study, Elizabeth Robertson shows that the AB texts were written in an effective experiential style that distinguished them from other spiritual works of the period.Key characteristics of this special style--nonteleological structre, pervasive use of concrete imagery, and thematic focus on the female body--have been viewed by some as hallmarks of women's writing more generally. Combining feminist theory with critical skill and an impressive command of Old and Middle English materials, the author argues, to the contrary, that in the thirteenth-century England this style was created by educated male writers in accord with their beliefs about nature and needs of marginal social groups.Beginning with the history and motivations of female anchorites and surveying medieval philosophy and theology in relation to gender theory, this book offers the first comprehensive analysis of the AB texts and then details their debt to earlier English vernacular works and to the continental theological movements that increasingly emphasized physical experience and matter. The result is an exciting, learned account of the feminization of early English prose.
Contents: Teaching Principles, Problems and Issues, Teaching in Effect, Various Methods, A Significant Approach, Approach Based on Structure, Evaluation: Meaning and Definition, Teaching of Grammar, Teaching of Composition, Teaching of Poetry, Teaching of Prose, Teaching of Spellings, Teaching of Punctuation, Reading as an Art, Writing as an Art, Teaching in Practice, Theory of Meaning, Planned Lessons.
Between 1651 and 1740 hundreds of fables, fable collections, and biographies of the ancient Greek slave Aesop were published in England. In The English Fable, Jayne Elizabeth Lewis describes the national obsession with Aesop's fables during this period as both a figural response to sociopolitical crises, and an antidote to emerging anxieties about authorship. Lewis traces the role that fable collections, Augustan fable theory, and debates about the figure of Aesop played in the formation of a modern, literate, and self-consciously English culture, and shows how three Augustan writers - John Dryden, Anne Finch, and John Gay - experimented with the seemingly marginal symbolic form of fable to gain access to new centres of English culture. Often interpreted as a discourse of the dispossessed, the fable in fact offered Augustan writers access to a unique form of cultural authority.
Elizabeth M. O'Dowd offers a new, discourse-functional account of the categories "preposition" and "particle" in English. She explains why certain words have membership in both categories, and solves many intriguing puzzles long associated with the syntax and semantics of these words. Based on linguistic data extracted from a series of actual conversations, O'Dowd provides new insights into how prepositions and particles are used, and how their meanings can change across different discourse contexts over time.
The author argues that in these devotional works (which appealed to a broad readership in late medieval England) Rolle successfully refines traditional affective strategies to develop an implied reader-identity, the individual soul seeking the love of God, which empowers each and every reader in his or her own spiritual journey."--Jacket.
The English Grammar: Step by Step series is unique because it is specifically designed for Spanish-speaking students who have little or no knowledge of Spanish or English grammar. English Grammar: Step by Step 1 covers basic punctuation and capitalization in English; the verbs to be and to have; contractions with to be; and possessive adjectives (my, his, her, etc.). It also includes more than a thousand exercises, with answers, and a dictionary that includes all of the words used in the book. An accompanying book, Teaching English: Step By Step 1, provides listening and speaking exercises that accompany the grammar exercises presented in English Grammar: Step by Step 1.
What PC English professors don't want you to learn from . . . - Beowulf: If we don't admire heroes, there's something wrong with us - Chaucer: Chivalry has contributed enormously to women's happiness - Shakespeare: Some choices are inherently destructive (it's just built into the nature of things) - Milton: Our intellectual freedoms are Christian, not anti-Christian, in origin - Jane Austen: Most men would be improved if they were more patriarchal than they actually are - Dickens: Reformers can do more harm than the injustices they set out to reform - T. S. Eliot: Tradition is necessary to culture - Flannery O'Connor: Even modern American liberals aren't immune to original sin
This book examines relations which hold between morphosyntactic form and communicative function in discourse by examining form-function correlations of noninterrogative questions in ordinary English conversation. So-called nontypical declarative and nonclausal questions are identified functionally. The role morphosyntax plays in the production and interpretation of these forms as doing questioning is then considered. Speakers are shown to use specific patterns of morphosyntactic marking to enable recipients to interpret noninterrogatives as functional questions. Explanations for morphosyntactic patterns found in the data are stated in terms of discourse use.
The Materiality of Religion in Early Modern English Drama is the first book to present a detailed examination of early modern theatrical properties informed by the complexity of post-Reformation religious practice. The study explores the relationship between popular culture and theatrical performance by considering the social history and dramatic function of certain stage properties, addressing their role as objects of devotion, idolatry, and remembrance on the professional stage.
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