Interacting biological systems at all organizational levels display emergent behavior. Modeling these systems is made challenging by the number and variety of biological components and interactions – from molecules in gene regulatory networks to species in ecological networks – and the often-incomplete state of system knowledge, such as the unknown values of kinetic parameters for biochemical reactions. Boolean networks have emerged as a powerful tool for modeling these systems. This Element provides a methodological overview of Boolean network models of biological systems. After a brief introduction, the authors describe the process of building, analyzing, and validating a Boolean model. They then present the use of the model to make predictions about the system's response to perturbations and about how to control its behavior. The Element emphasizes the interplay between structural and dynamical properties of Boolean networks and illustrates them in three case studies from disparate levels of biological organization.
Lays to rest the controversial myth of Jewish involvement in the slave trade In the wake of the civil rights movement, a great divide opened up between African American and Jewish communities. What was historically a harmonious and supportive relationship suffered from a powerful and oft-repeated legend, that Jews controlled and masterminded the slave trade and owned slaves on a large scale, well in excess of their own proportion in the population. In this groundbreaking book, likely to stand as the definitive word on the subject, Eli Faber cuts through this cloud of mystification to recapture an important chapter in both Jewish and African diasporic history. Focusing on the British empire, Faber assesses the extent to which Jews participated in the institution of slavery through investment in slave trading companies, ownership of slave ships, commercial activity as merchants who sold slaves upon their arrival from Africa, and direct ownership of slaves. His unprecedented original research utilizes shipping and tax records, stock-transfer ledgers, censuses, slave registers, and synagogue records. These materials reveal, once and for all, the minimal nature of Jews' involvement in the subjugation of Africans in the Americas. A crucial corrective, Jews, Slaves, and the Slave Trade lays to rest one of the most contested historical controversies of our time.
Acute Coronary Syndrome covers the spectrum of clinical conditions ranging from unstable angina to non-ST elevation myocardial infarction and ST elevation myocardial infarction. These life-threatening disorders are a major cause of emergency medical care, hospitalization and mortality. Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes is designed to provide busy clinicians with a comprehensive guide to the investigation, diagnosis and treatment of these syndromes. It encompasses the latest technologies, including the use of biomarkers and non-invasive imaging procedures. For each condition, the reader is taken through all of the therapeutic options available; in each case the indications and contraindications are evaluated in the light of the latest clinical trials. Potential complications are dealt with in a similar fashion, permitting the reader to anticipate and manage problems as they arise. The authors also present evidence-based recommendations for long-term care of at-risk patients, encompassing pharmacologic therapies and lifestyle management. The book concludes with a comprehensive collection of appendices that include treatment algorithms, risk scores and a summary of the latest management guidelines. Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes is the most up to date and comprehensive evidence-based guide to managing acute coronary syndromes, in a compact and usable format. It will be of interest to busy specialist physicians in cardiovascular medicine, cardiac and vascular surgery, and critical care, as well as primary care physicians and hospitalists who care for patients with these syndromes.
The tragic story of the killing of 14-year-old George Junius Stinney Jr., the youngest person executed in the United States during the twentieth century At 7:30 a.m. on June 16, 1944, George Junius Stinney Jr. was escorted by four guards to the death chamber. Wearing socks but no shoes, the 14-year-old Black boy walked with his Bible tucked under his arm. The guards strapped his slight, five-foot-one-inch frame into the electric chair. His small size made it difficult to affix the electrode to his right leg and the face mask, which was clearly too large, fell to the floor when the executioner flipped the switch. That day, George Stinney became, and today remains, the youngest person executed in the United States during the twentieth century. How was it possible, even in Jim Crow South Carolina, for a child to be convicted, sentenced to death, and executed based on circumstantial evidence in a trial that lasted only a few hours? Through extensive archival research and interviews with Stinney's contemporaries—men and women alive today who still carry distinctive memories of the events that rocked the small town of Alcolu and the entire state—Eli Faber pieces together the chain of events that led to this tragic injustice. The first book to fully explore the events leading to Stinney's death, The Child in the Electric Chair offers a compelling narrative with a meticulously researched analysis of the world in which Stinney lived—the era of lynching, segregation, and racist assumptions about Black Americans. Faber explains how a systemically racist system, paired with the personal ambitions of powerful individuals, turned a blind eye to human decency and one of the basic tenets of the American legal system that individuals are innocent until proven guilty. As society continues to grapple with the legacies of racial injustice, the story of George Stinney remains one that can teach us lessons about our collective past and present. By ably placing the Stinney case into a larger context, Faber reveals how this case is not just a travesty of justice locked in the era of the Jim Crow South but rather one that continues to resonate in our own time. A foreword is provided by Carol Berkin, Presidential Professor of History Emerita at Baruch College at the City University of New York and author of several books including Civil War Wives: The Lives and Times of Angelina Grimke Weld, Varina Howell Davis, and Julia Dent Grant.
An instant classic, this authortative and readable text fills an important and enduring need in the field---John T. Cacioppo, Tiffany and Margaret Blake Distinguished Service Professor, and Director of the Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience. The University of Chicago --Book Jacket.
Interacting biological systems at all organizational levels display emergent behavior. Modeling these systems is made challenging by the number and variety of biological components and interactions – from molecules in gene regulatory networks to species in ecological networks – and the often-incomplete state of system knowledge, such as the unknown values of kinetic parameters for biochemical reactions. Boolean networks have emerged as a powerful tool for modeling these systems. This Element provides a methodological overview of Boolean network models of biological systems. After a brief introduction, the authors describe the process of building, analyzing, and validating a Boolean model. They then present the use of the model to make predictions about the system's response to perturbations and about how to control its behavior. The Element emphasizes the interplay between structural and dynamical properties of Boolean networks and illustrates them in three case studies from disparate levels of biological organization.
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