The "CSE Program Evaluation Kit" is a series of nine books intended to assist people conducting program evaluations. This volume, the seventh in the kit, provides an overview of a variety of approaches to measuring performance outcomes. It presents considerations in deciding what to measure and in selecting or developing instruments best suited to an evaluation's goals. Methods for ensuring validity and reliability are also discussed. Chapter 1, "Measuring Performance for Program Evaluation: Preliminary Considerations," presents an overview of various strategies to systematically measure the attainment of performance objectives. Chapter 2, "Locating Existing Measures," describes the types of performance tests that might already be available, from commercially published instruments, curriculum embedded tests, and state- or local-mandated measures. Chapter 3, "Determining How Well a Test Fits the Program," provides assistance in determining the appropriateness of an existing instrument. Chapter 4, "Constructing a Test for Program Evaluation," describes the basic steps in developing a performance measure. Chapters 5, "Validity and Reliability of Performance Instruments," and 6, "Using Performance Test Data," deal with the technical quality and use of tests. One appendix contains a table for program-test comparison, and the other presents a reminder of some common item construction errors. (Contains 20 tables, 16 figures, and 19 references.) (SLD)
Children are frequently cared for by relatives and friends when parents, for whatever reason, are unable to care for their children themselves. Yet there has been very little information about how well children do when placed with kin or how safe they are in these placements. This book compares formal kinship care to traditional foster placements in order to ascertain which children are placed with kin, in what circumstances, how well such children progress, and how often these placements disrupt. The authors explore whether children placed with family and friends fare better or worse than other foster children, what services are provided and needed, and how kin care is experienced by carers, children and social workers. This book will be essential reading for social workers, policy makers, students and all those working with looked-after children, and will enable local authorities to make informed decisions about where best to place children and the support needed by family and friend carers.
Ever since Alfred Binet carried out a 1904 commission from France’s minister of public instruction to devise a means for deciding which pupils should be sent to what would now be called special education classes, IQ scores have been used to label and track children. Those same scores have been cited as "proof" that different races, classes, and genders are of superior and inferior intelligence. The Menshes make clear that from the beginning IQ tests have been fundamentally biased. Offered as a means for seeking solutions to social problems, the actual measurements have been used to maintain the status quo. Often the most telling comments are from the test-makers themselves, whether Binet ("little girls weak in orthography are strong in sewing and capable in the instruction concerning housekeeping; and, all things considered, this is more important for their future") or Wigdor and Garner ("naive use of intelligence tests . . . to place children of linguistic or racial minority status in special education programs will not be defensible in court"). Among the disturbing facts that the authors share is that there is mounting political pressure for more tests and testing despite a court trial in which the judge stated that "defendants’ expert witnesses, even those clearly affiliated with the companies that devise and distribute the standardized intelligence tests, agreed, with one exception, that we cannot truly define, much less measure, intelligence." The testing firms have responded to this carefully orchestrated need with new products that extend even to the IQ testing of three-month-old infants. The authors stress that, if the testers prevail, there is little doubt that these and similar tests would be used "ad infinitum to justify superior and inferior education along class and racial lines.
2021 Jim Parish Award for Documentation and Publication of Local and Regional History, Webb County Heritage Foundation Since 1898, residents of Laredo, Texas, and Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, have reached across the US-Mexico border to celebrate George Washington's birthday. The celebration can last a whole month, with parade goers reveling in American and Mexican symbols; George Washington saluting; and “Pocahontas” riding on horseback. An international bridge ceremony, the heart and soul of the festivities, features children from both sides of the border marching toward each other to link the cities with an embrace. ¡Viva George! offers an ethnography and a history of this celebration, which emerges as both symbol and substance of cross-border community life. Anthropologist and Laredo native Elaine A. Peña shows how generations of border officials, civil society organizers, and everyday people have used the bridge ritual to protect shared economic and security interests as well as negotiate tensions amid natural disasters, drug-war violence, and immigration debates. Drawing on previously unknown sources and extensive fieldwork, Peña finds that border enactments like Washington's birthday are more than goodwill gestures. From the Rio Grande to the 38th Parallel, they do the meaningful political work that partisan polemics cannot.
The "CSE Program Evaluation Kit" is a series of nine books intended to assist people conducting program evaluations. This volume, the seventh in the kit, provides an overview of a variety of approaches to measuring performance outcomes. It presents considerations in deciding what to measure and in selecting or developing instruments best suited to an evaluation's goals. Methods for ensuring validity and reliability are also discussed. Chapter 1, "Measuring Performance for Program Evaluation: Preliminary Considerations," presents an overview of various strategies to systematically measure the attainment of performance objectives. Chapter 2, "Locating Existing Measures," describes the types of performance tests that might already be available, from commercially published instruments, curriculum embedded tests, and state- or local-mandated measures. Chapter 3, "Determining How Well a Test Fits the Program," provides assistance in determining the appropriateness of an existing instrument. Chapter 4, "Constructing a Test for Program Evaluation," describes the basic steps in developing a performance measure. Chapters 5, "Validity and Reliability of Performance Instruments," and 6, "Using Performance Test Data," deal with the technical quality and use of tests. One appendix contains a table for program-test comparison, and the other presents a reminder of some common item construction errors. (Contains 20 tables, 16 figures, and 19 references.) (SLD)
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