Filled with practical learning activities to adopt within your classroom, The Learning and Teaching of Statistics and Probability places reasoning about quantities and quantification at the core of learning and teaching statistics. A companion website to this book is also available at https://neilhatfield.github.io/IMPACT_Statistics/, allowing readers to access a directory of resources – data collections and web-based applets – used in some of the instructional activities featured within this book. Through its presentation of conceptual analyses and resources for teaching with statistical data, the book’s five chapters establish key concepts and foundational ideas in statistics and probability, emphasizing the development of learner understanding and coherence, for example: Individual cases and their attributes Data collections, sub-collections, and relevant operations to quantify their attributes Samples, population, and quantifying variation Types of processes, meanings of randomness, and probability as a measure of stochastic tendency Sampling distributions and statistical inference. This highly informative yet practical book is an indispensable resource for teachers of secondary school mathematics, mathematics subject leads, and mathematics and statistics educators within the wider field of education.
This book summarizes the vast amount of research related to teaching and learning probability that has been conducted for more than 50 years in a variety of disciplines. It begins with a synthesis of the most important probability interpretations throughout history: intuitive, classical, frequentist, subjective, logical propensity and axiomatic views. It discusses their possible applications, philosophical problems, as well as their potential and the level of interest they enjoy at different educational levels. Next, the book describes the main features of probabilistic thinking and reasoning, including the contrast to classical logic, probability language features, the role of intuitions, as well as paradoxes and the relevance of modeling. It presents an analysis of the differences between conditioning and causation, the variability expression in data as a sum of random and causal variations, as well as those of probabilistic versus statistical thinking. This is followed by an analysis of probability’s role and main presence in school curricula and an outline of the central expectations in recent curricular guidelines at the primary, secondary and high school level in several countries. This book classifies and discusses in detail the three different research periods on students’ and people’s intuitions and difficulties concerning probability: early research focused on cognitive development, a period of heuristics and biases programs, and the current period marked by a multitude of foci, approaches and theoretical frameworks.
Pharmacology and physiology are the foundation of every anesthesia provider's training and clinical competency. Pharmacology and Physiology for Anesthesia: Foundations and Clinical Application, 2nd Edition, delivers the information you need in pharmacology, physiology, and molecular-cellular biology, keeping you current with contemporary training and practice. This thoroughly updated edition is your one-stop, comprehensive overview of physiology, and rational anesthetic drug selection and administration, perfect for study, review, and successful practice. - Contains new chapters on Special Populations (anesthetic pharmacology in obesity, geriatrics, and pediatrics), Oral and Non-IV Opioids, Thermoregulation, Physiology and Pharmacology of Obstetric Anesthesia, Chemotherapeutic and Immunosuppresive Drugs, and Surgical Infection and Antimicrobial Drugs. - Incorporates entirely new sections on Physics, Anatomy, and Imaging. - Includes new information on consciousness and cognition, pharmacodynamics, the immune system, and anti-inflammatory drugs. - Features user-friendly tables, figures, and algorithms (including 100 new illustrations), all presented in full color and designed to help explain complex concepts. - Helps you understand the molecular mechanism of drug actions and identify key drug interactions that may complicate anesthesia with dedicated sections on these areas.
This book summarizes the vast amount of research related to teaching and learning probability that has been conducted for more than 50 years in a variety of disciplines. It begins with a synthesis of the most important probability interpretations throughout history: intuitive, classical, frequentist, subjective, logical propensity and axiomatic views. It discusses their possible applications, philosophical problems, as well as their potential and the level of interest they enjoy at different educational levels. Next, the book describes the main features of probabilistic thinking and reasoning, including the contrast to classical logic, probability language features, the role of intuitions, as well as paradoxes and the relevance of modeling. It presents an analysis of the differences between conditioning and causation, the variability expression in data as a sum of random and causal variations, as well as those of probabilistic versus statistical thinking. This is followed by an analysis of probability’s role and main presence in school curricula and an outline of the central expectations in recent curricular guidelines at the primary, secondary and high school level in several countries. This book classifies and discusses in detail the three different research periods on students’ and people’s intuitions and difficulties concerning probability: early research focused on cognitive development, a period of heuristics and biases programs, and the current period marked by a multitude of foci, approaches and theoretical frameworks.
Filled with practical learning activities to adopt within your classroom, The Learning and Teaching of Statistics and Probability places reasoning about quantities and quantification at the core of learning and teaching statistics. A companion website to this book is also available at https://neilhatfield.github.io/IMPACT_Statistics/, allowing readers to access a directory of resources – data collections and web-based applets – used in some of the instructional activities featured within this book. Through its presentation of conceptual analyses and resources for teaching with statistical data, the book’s five chapters establish key concepts and foundational ideas in statistics and probability, emphasizing the development of learner understanding and coherence, for example: Individual cases and their attributes Data collections, sub-collections, and relevant operations to quantify their attributes Samples, population, and quantifying variation Types of processes, meanings of randomness, and probability as a measure of stochastic tendency Sampling distributions and statistical inference. This highly informative yet practical book is an indispensable resource for teachers of secondary school mathematics, mathematics subject leads, and mathematics and statistics educators within the wider field of education.
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