This book is a must read for anyone interested in policy reforms in Latin America. The author combines tremendous experience in the field and deep knowledge of economic theory: a rare combination. Alberto Alesina, Harvard University, US One of the key contributions of this book is its insistence on the importance of policy, institutional and political accountability for evaluating and enhancing macroeconomic performance and for reducing inequality. John B. Taylor, Stanford University and Hoover Institution, US Dr Wiesner combines a command of modern political and economic theories and detailed knowledge of Latin America to clarify why reform of policies and institutions has proved so difficult in that region. His general conclusion is that initial conditions of inequality and poverty reduce the demand for reform, but he finds that the process manifests itself differently in different countries. He identifies several necessary conditions for breaking out of these vicious circles. Scholars and practitioners alike can learn from his impressively thorough and detailed analysis. Avinash K. Dixit, Princeton University, US This book argues insightfully that underdevelopment is the result of the political economy difficulties some countries have in the effectiveness of public expenditures in general and of social pro-poor expenditures in particular. The policy implication is that reform strategies should focus on identifying the wrong political incentives in public expenditures. Ricardo Hausmann, Harvard University, US Eduardo Wiesner s book makes an important contribution to the understanding of development by blending together the interdependent issues of (i) macroeconomic performance and volatility, (ii) equity and distributive justice, (iii) fiscal deficits and the redistributive effectiveness of social public expenditures, and (iv) the demand for the right institutions and for policy reform in Latin America. It does this by examining recent macroeconomic crises from a political economy perspective, and finds that information is the critical algorithm that links together the demand for macroeconomic stability, macroeconomic performance and, ultimately, distributive justice. This volume is geared toward those interested in the political economy of development and policy reform in general and in Latin America, including academics, policy makers, and the general reader.
This text helps Latin American policymakers meet the challenge of decentralization to improve public sector performance at all levels of government by appropriately assigning jurisdiction over public goods, services, tax authority and user charges.
This study illustrates the social and political principal that institutions matter. It explores not only how to get institutions to work efficiently, but also how to assess the proper relationship between institutions and development challenges through evaluative techniques.
This paper explains why tough public sector reform and a sound macroeconomy are essential to sustained growth. It provides a strategy to help countries evaluate how well their governments' policies work. Decisionmakers will learn ways to build an evaluations program that can make governments more accountable and improve their performance. Some options could include making central banks independent, eliminating earmarked funds, and balancing the national budget. The author suggests which government offices should oversee and develop evaluation policies to get the best results, and explains why evaluation results must be linked with all budget decisions. He describes the political and economic environment that allows the evaluation process to develop freely. Also discussed is the role that the World Bank and other insti- tutions should play in supporting evaluation programs. The study examines how sound evaluation can lead to more consistent international policies and better international governance.
This study illustrates the social and political principal that institutions matter. It explores not only how to get institutions to work efficiently, but also how to assess the proper relationship between institutions and development challenges through evaluative techniques.
This book is a must read for anyone interested in policy reforms in Latin America. The author combines tremendous experience in the field and deep knowledge of economic theory: a rare combination. Alberto Alesina, Harvard University, US One of the key contributions of this book is its insistence on the importance of policy, institutional and political accountability for evaluating and enhancing macroeconomic performance and for reducing inequality. John B. Taylor, Stanford University and Hoover Institution, US Dr Wiesner combines a command of modern political and economic theories and detailed knowledge of Latin America to clarify why reform of policies and institutions has proved so difficult in that region. His general conclusion is that initial conditions of inequality and poverty reduce the demand for reform, but he finds that the process manifests itself differently in different countries. He identifies several necessary conditions for breaking out of these vicious circles. Scholars and practitioners alike can learn from his impressively thorough and detailed analysis. Avinash K. Dixit, Princeton University, US This book argues insightfully that underdevelopment is the result of the political economy difficulties some countries have in the effectiveness of public expenditures in general and of social pro-poor expenditures in particular. The policy implication is that reform strategies should focus on identifying the wrong political incentives in public expenditures. Ricardo Hausmann, Harvard University, US Eduardo Wiesner s book makes an important contribution to the understanding of development by blending together the interdependent issues of (i) macroeconomic performance and volatility, (ii) equity and distributive justice, (iii) fiscal deficits and the redistributive effectiveness of social public expenditures, and (iv) the demand for the right institutions and for policy reform in Latin America. It does this by examining recent macroeconomic crises from a political economy perspective, and finds that information is the critical algorithm that links together the demand for macroeconomic stability, macroeconomic performance and, ultimately, distributive justice. This volume is geared toward those interested in the political economy of development and policy reform in general and in Latin America, including academics, policy makers, and the general reader.
This text helps Latin American policymakers meet the challenge of decentralization to improve public sector performance at all levels of government by appropriately assigning jurisdiction over public goods, services, tax authority and user charges.
This paper explains why tough public sector reform and a sound macroeconomy are essential to sustained growth. It provides a strategy to help countries evaluate how well their governments' policies work. Decisionmakers will learn ways to build an evaluations program that can make governments more accountable and improve their performance. Some options could include making central banks independent, eliminating earmarked funds, and balancing the national budget. The author suggests which government offices should oversee and develop evaluation policies to get the best results, and explains why evaluation results must be linked with all budget decisions. He describes the political and economic environment that allows the evaluation process to develop freely. Also discussed is the role that the World Bank and other insti- tutions should play in supporting evaluation programs. The study examines how sound evaluation can lead to more consistent international policies and better international governance.
Mathematical Approaches to Liver Transplantation provides mathematical approaches to the optimization of liver graft distribution. Through mathematical and computational methods, several aspects related to organ allocation are tackled, with possible solutions presented. The book discusses topics such as patient selection for liver transplantation, transplantation procedures, dynamics of organs waiting list, improvement on grafts allocation, live donors and MELD scale. The content focuses on liver transplantation, however the mathematical approaches presented can be successfully replicated to different organs. This book is a valuable source for mathematical biologists, bioinformaticians, and several members of biomedical field who are involved in decision-making related to organs transplantation. Provides a mathematical approach to the optimization of liver grafts distribution Presents mathematical and computational methods for several aspects relating to organ allocations and discusses possible solutions Encompasses optimization models for the best organ distribution strategy to support decision-makers that are responsible for liver and other organ transplantation policies
In this kaleidoscope of reflections, renowned South American author Eduardo Galeano ranges widely, from childhood to love, music, plants, fear, indignity, and indignation. In the signal style of his bestselling Memory of Fire trilogy--brief fragments that build steadily into an organic whole--Galeano offers a rich, wry history that is both calmly philosophical and fiercely political.
“A book as fascinating as the history it relates . . . Galeano is a satirist, realist, and historian.” —Los Angeles Times For centuries, Europe’s imperial powers brutally exploited the peoples and resources of the New World. While soldiers of fortune marched across continents in search of El Dorado, white settlers established plantations and trading posts along the coasts, altering the land and bringing disease and slavery with them. In the midst of a bloody collision of civilizations, the West has birthed new societies out of the old. In the second book of his Memory of Fire trilogy, Eduardo Galeano forges a new understanding of the Americas, history retold from a diverse collection of viewpoints. Spanning the end of empire and the age of revolutions, Faces and Masks brilliantly collects the strands of the past into an iridescent work of literature.
Comprehensive and lavishly illustrated, McKee’s Pathology of the Skin, 5th Edition, is your reference of choice for up-to-date, authoritative information on dermatopathology. You’ll find clinical guidance from internationally renowned experts along with details on etiology, pathogenesis, histopathology, and differential diagnosis – making this unique reference unparalleled in its wealth of clinical and histopathological material. The 5th Edition of this classic text is a must-have resource for practicing dermatopathologists and general pathologists who sign out skin biopsies. Covers pathological aspects of skin diseases in addition to providing superb descriptions and illustrations of their clinical manifestations – the only available reference with this unique combination of features. Integrates dermatopathology, clinical correlations, and clinical photographs throughout, and features bulleted lists of clinical features and differential diagnosis tables for easy reference. Contains more than 5,000 superb histopathologic and clinical illustrations that demonstrate the range of histologic manifestations. Brings you fully up to date with key molecular aspects of disease, the capabilities and limitations of molecular diagnostics, and targeted/personalized medicine. Features up-to-date information on biologics, drug eruptions, and other developments in therapeutics. Helps you stay current with the latest diagnostic tumor markers and other new developments in immunohistochemistry. Includes a completely revised chapter on cutaneous lymphoma that reflects recent WHO-EORTC classification changes, as well as new coverage of sentinel lymph node biopsy for melanoma. Shares the knowledge of the main editor Dr. J. Eduardo Calonje, along with co-editors Thomas Brenn, and Alexander Lazar, and new co-editor Steven D. Billings who offers expertise on both dermatopathology and soft tissue tumors.
Days and Nights succeeds not only because of its socio-political authenticity and lyrical style but because of its interweaving of anger and tenderness, elation and sorrow." --The Nation Days and Nights of Love and War is the personal testimony of one of Latin America's foremost contemporary political writers. In this fascinating journal and eloquent history, Eduardo Galeano movingly records the lives of struggles of the Latin American people, under two decades of unimaginable violence and extreme repression. Alternating between reportage, personal vignettes, interviews, travelogues, and folklore, and richly conveyed with anger, sadness, irony, and occasional humor, Galeano pays loving tribute to the courage and determination of those who continued to believe in, and fight for, a more human existence. The Lannan Foundation awarded the 1999 Cultural Prize for Freedom to Eduardo Galeano, in recognition of those "whose extraordinary and courageous work celebrates the human right to freedom of imagination, inquiry and expression." Originally published in Cuba, Days and Nights of Love and War won the Casa de las Américas prize in 1978.
The unofficial history of the world seen--and mirrored to us--through the eyes and voices of history's unseen, unheard, and forgotten, over 5000 years of history.
Praised by some as islands of efficiency in a sea of unprofessional, politicized, and corrupt states, and criticized by others for removing wide areas of policy making from the democratic arena, technocrats have become prominent and controversial actors in Latin American politics. Through an in-depth analysis of economic and health policy in Colombia from 1958 to 2011 and in Peru from 1980 to 2011, Technocracy and Democracy in Latin America explains the source of these experts' power as well as the leverage they have across state policy sectors in Latin America.
Surgical Intensive Care Medicine has been specifically designed to be a practical reference for medical students and house officers to help manage the critically ill surgical patient. The first section is titled “Resuscitation” and exposes the reader to a condensed version of generic topics in primary intensive care medicine. The sections that follow have been categorized according to medical and surgical subspecialties and cover the most germane of problems encountered in a tertiary surgical intensive care unit. Sections of certain chapters, while repetitive, have been left intact in an attempt to maintain the authors' messages and provide the reader with some contradictory but referenced views. The technical chapters describe a very introductory approach to various exercises such as airway management and vascular cannulation.
The author shares brief anecdotes about life in South America, memories of incidents from his own past, and meditations on reading, literature, and freedom
“Nothing less than a unified history of the Western Hemisphere.” —The New Yorker From Guatemala to Rio de Janeiro, La Paz to New York City, Managua to Havana, Century of the Wind ties together the events and people—both large and small—that define the Americas. In hundreds of lyrical and vivid narratives, the final installment of Galeano’s indispensible trilogy sees the building of the Panama Canal, the disenfranchisement of indigenous peoples living over Colombia’s oil fields, the creation of Superman and the heyday of Faulkner, and coups and upheavals that cleaved an already fragmented continent. Galeano’s elegy moves year by year through the century of Castro, Picasso, and Reagan, blending the many voices and varying locales of North and South America and forming a history that is stunning in its scope and savage beauty.
The internationally acclaimed last work by the legendary Latin American writer Master storyteller Eduardo Galeano was unique among his contemporaries (Gabriel Garcia Marquez and Mario Vargas Llosa among them) for his commitment to retelling our many histories, including the stories of those who were disenfranchised. A philosopher poet, his nonfiction is infused with such passion and imagination that it matches the intensity and the appeal of Latin America's very best fiction. Comprised of all new material, published here for the first time in a wonderful English translation by longtime collaborator Mark Fried, Hunter of Stories is a deeply considered collection of Galeano's final musings and stories on history, memory, humor, and tragedy. Written in his signature style -- vignettes that fluidly combine dialogue, fables, and anecdotes -- every page displays the original thinking and compassion that has earned Galeano decades and continents of renown.
Unfurling like a medieval book of days, each page of Eduardo Galeano's Children of the Days has an illuminating story that takes inspiration from that date of the calendar year, resurrecting the heroes and heroines who have fallen off the historical map, but whose lives remind us of our darkest hours and sweetest victories. Challenging readers to consider the human condition and our own choices, Galeano elevates the little-known heroes of our world and decries the destruction of the intellectual, linguistic, and emotional treasures that we have all but forgotten. Readers will discover many inspiring narratives in this collection of vignettes: the Brazilians who held a "smooch-in" to protest against a dictatorship for banning kisses that "undermined public morals;" the astonishing day Mexico invaded the United States; and the "sacrilegious" women who had the effrontery to marry each other in a church in the Galician city of A Coruna in 1901. Galeano also highlights individuals such as Pedro Fernandes Sardinha, the first bishop of Brazil, who was eaten by Caete Indians off the coast of Alagoas, as well as Abdul Kassem Ismael, the grand vizier of Persia, who kept books safe from war by creating a walking library of 117,000 tomes aboard four hundred camels, forming a mile-long caravan. Beautifully translated by Galeano's longtime collaborator, Mark Fried, Children of the Days is a majestic humanist treasure that shows us how to live and how to remember. It awakens the best in us.
This volume presents contributions given at the international symposium on The Vertebrate Gas Transport Cascade: Adaptations to Environment and Mode of Life, held in São Sebastião, São Paulo, Brazil from September 10-15, 1991. Recent developments in the field and the unifying principles of basic respiratory mechanisms are covered, and reviews in major areas of respiratory physiology are complemented by recent experimental data. Principal topics discussed include conditions for gas exchange in selected special environments, ventilation of the gas exchanger, diffusing capacity and exchange between respired medium and blood, respiratory pigments and oxygen transport by blood, cardiovascular function and oxygen transport by blood, oxygen delivery to tissue, and transition to anaerobic metabolism. The Vertebrate Gas Transport Cascade: Adaptations to Environment and Mode of Life will be a useful addition to the reference collections of respiratory physiologists, comparative physiologists, cardiovascular physiologists, experimental biologists, students, and others interested in the topic.
This book offers a structured algebraic and geometric approach to the classification and construction of quantum codes for topological quantum computation. It combines key concepts in linear algebra, algebraic topology, hyperbolic geometry, group theory, quantum mechanics, and classical and quantum coding theory to help readers understand and develop quantum codes for topological quantum computation. One possible approach to building a quantum computer is based on surface codes, operated as stabilizer codes. The surface codes evolved from Kitaev's toric codes, as a means to developing models for topological order by using qubits distributed on the surface of a toroid. A significant advantage of surface codes is their relative tolerance to local errors. A second approach is based on color codes, which are topological stabilizer codes defined on a tessellation with geometrically local stabilizer generators. This book provides basic geometric concepts, like surface geometry, hyperbolic geometry and tessellation, as well as basic algebraic concepts, like stabilizer formalism, for the construction of the most promising classes of quantum error-correcting codes such as surfaces codes and color codes. The book is intended for senior undergraduate and graduate students in Electrical Engineering and Mathematics with an understanding of the basic concepts of linear algebra and quantum mechanics.
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