This work is a revision of the doctoral dissertation of Eduardo Mena pre sented to the Department of Computer Science and System Engineering at the University of Zaragoza (Spain) in November 1998 [Mena 98]. The OBSERVER system was developed as a result of this Ph.D. thesis. This book is composed of eight chapters. In Chapter 1 we introduce our rationale for writing a book about systems that process queries in global information systems. Then in Chapter 2 we review the techno logical context for our work, including distributed and heterogeneous environments and the use of ontologies. We also compare related work to our own. Chapter 3 presents our proposed global system architecture for query processing in global information systems. The main modules in the architecture and the main steps given to process a query are briefly introduced. Chapters 4 through 7 provide a detailed description of each query processing step. In Chapter 4 we detail the steps needed to access the data corre sponding to a query formulated over an ontology. All the aspects related to distribution, structural and semantic heterogeneity, and restricted query capabilities of the underlying data repositories are considered in this chapter. The main features of the mapping information that relates ontologies and data repositories are also described. Finally, we show the process of generating appropriate plans to access each involved reposi tory and the correlation of the answers coming from different reposito ries.
One of the most striking features of the 21st century is the widespread adoption of information technology in every aspect of the modern life of individuals, society, or nation-states. When compared to land, sea, air, and space, cyberspace has unique features. Its ""geography"" is easily modified, oceans and mountains are hard to be changed, but entire cyberspace regions can be turned on or off with a button click. Moreover, anonymity, the low cost of acquiring or developing offensive capabilities, and the plausible deniability of actions have turned this dimension into a theater of operations for nation-states. This book does not focus on the worst-case scenario where cyber offensive actions will revolutionize war. Instead, it intends to provide empirical analysis regarding the current state of cyber conflict. This book presents evidence of 29 countries engaging in state-sponsored actions and 85 nations acquiring cyber offensive technologies from private vendors. The numbers challenge the average perception of concentration of cyber capabilities in a few ""traditional"" actors. Cyberspace provides alternatives for the bargaining and interactions to nation-states below the threshold of the use of force. As a result, actors can achieve strategic outcomes and influence the balance of power without resorting to an armed attack and minimizing the risk of a military or nuclear response from their targets.
This volume presents a long-overdue synthesis and update on West Mexican archaeology. Ancient West Mexico has often been portrayed as a ‘marginal’ or ‘underdeveloped’ area of Mesoamerica. This book shows that the opposite is true and that it played a critical role in the cultural and historical development of the Mesoamerican ecumene.
Quality improvement is a major current goal of Education in China and this will be achieved through overall quality improvement of the education system as a whole, a situation that is also the case across the world. Deploying a cost-benefit analysis and multidisciplinary perspectives from education, economics, neurocognition, gender studies, child development, and international development, this book presents a range of critical interventions in education development and investment that have proven to be effective in many countries around the world. The book draws on theoretical and practical experience in the field of education investment and analyses key issues in China's early childhood education, early reading, girls' education, brain science application in international education, small-scale schools in low income areas and teacher education. Students and scholars of education and development and Chinese education will benefit from this title.
First published in 1999, the main theme of this book is the relationship between bureaucracy and politics in Mexico. This examined though a study of the Secretariat of Programming and Budget, which came into existence in 1976 and was abolished in 1992. The book charts the rise and fall of the Secretariat over three presidential terms and gives an explanation of the chain of events that led to its disappearance. In doing so it underlines the significant impact hat institutional and bureaucratic factors have on group politics in contemporary Mexico.
The Mapuches accomplished what the mighty Aztec and Inca empires failed so overwhelming to do- to preserve their independence, and keep the Spanish invaders at bay. The Mapuche infantry played a vital role in the Araucanian war, from the initial of the conquest in 1541 to 1883. The goals of this book: a) To provide an overview of the military aspects weaponry, armory, the horse, and tactic, strategy facing the Mapuches; at the beginning of the Spanish conquest. b) To provide an overview, of the military superiority enjoyed, by the Spanish army, in addition, the role of the Auxiliary Indian. c) To point out how, by military innovations, and adaptation in the face of Araucanian war, the Mapuches managed to resist Spanish military campaigns, for over 300 years.
In Boxed In, philosophers Derrick Darby and Eduardo J. Martinez diagnose the profound challenge that inflexible identities pose for democracy and offer a novel prescription that involves taking up civic responsibilities to search for, make visible, and attend to group differences in background, perspective, and empowerment. Using a wide range of examples from fðtbol fans to Jay-Z's beef with Oprah, to literal box-checking on the U. S. Census, Darby and Martinez illustrate how scripting identities too tightly can box us in and they tell us what we can do to mitigate it. Weaving philosophical analysis with empirical research on identities, coalitions, and social movements, Boxed In prescribes making identities safe for democracy by undertaking responsibilities that help us break free from tight scripts that box us in and work together while taking our differences seriously.
Policy makers in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) often complain that poor fiscal performance in their countries is a result of a high degree of spending rigidity. Despite being a common complaint, the issue has remained largely ignored by the literature because of the lack of adequate measures of rigidity that allow cross-country and time series comparability. This report helps close this gap by introducing a new measure of spending rigidities that can be easily applied to multiple countries. It focuses on the categories of spending that are naturally inflexible--wages, pensions, transfers to subnational governments, and debt service--and separates them into two components: structural and nonstructural. The structural component is determined by economic, demographic, and institutional fundamentals. The nonstructural component is determined by short-run transitory factors associated with business and political cycles. The degree of rigidity of spending is then proxied by the ratio of structural spending to total spending, with a higher value indicating that spending is driven mostly by factors out of the policy makers’ control. This concept of rigidity was applied to 120 countries for the years 2000†“17 and produced several interesting results: • Advanced economies and developing countries in other regions have higher levels of rigidity than countries in LAC. • The sources of rigidity vary by country. • Higher rigidity is associated with higher spending levels, higher tax rates, higher public debt, and lower efficiency of public spending. • Rigidity has pervasive effects on fiscal sustainability, increasing the country’s financing needs and reducing the probability of the country starting a fiscal adjustment. Given these pervasive effects of spending rigidity, the report concludes by discussing several policies to contain the sources of rigidity in the long term, ranging from the importance of deepening the pension reform process to the need of establishing strong fiscal institutions promoting medium-term fiscal planning.
This film focuses on a family conceived out of wedlock. The mother is determined to rise her children and give them legitimacy in spite of a hostile environment. The father is called to repent his lack of paternal responsibility.
This authoritative title is the definitive avifauna covering the Iberian Peninsula. The Iberian Peninsula is one of Europe's most ornithologically varied regions offering a host of regional specialities. It includes famous birding hotspots such as the Coto Donaña wetlands, mountainous areas such as the Picos de Europa and the Pyrenees, the Mediterranean cork and holm oak forests of the southwest, the migration crossroads of the Strait of Gibraltar and the steppe-like plains of Extremadura and Alentejo. Large numbers of birders from around Europe visit the region to see this wealth of winged wildlife, but to date there has been no comprehensive regional avifauna in English. Birds of the Iberian Peninsula is a national avifauna that fills this gap in the ornithological literature. Full-colour throughout, the book begins with authoritative introductory chapters covering subjects such as geography, climate, habitats, the history of Iberian ornithology and the composition of the avifauna. The species accounts then cover every species recorded in mainland Spain, the Balearic Islands, Portugal, Gibraltar and Andorra, including the many vagrants. For each species there is detailed treatment of distribution – with maps of breeding and wintering ranges – habitat selection, population trends, historical and current status, migration and conservation.
The emergence of unconventional oil and gas extraction, known as the "shale revolution", since 2008 has fundamentally reshaped the global energy sector. This revolution, driven by technological advancements in hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling, has unlocked vast reserves of oil and gas previously deemed inaccessible. Despite challenges like the COVID-19 pandemic, fluctuating oil prices, and growing environmental concerns, unconventional resources continue to play a pivotal role in shaping energy policies worldwide. This book delves deeply into the transformative impact of unconventional resources on international energy markets and policies, providing a comprehensive analysis of their significance. Written by over 20 experts in oil and gas law, the book offers a rich, multidisciplinary perspective. It covers topics that are "horizontal" and cut across various jurisdictions, providing a comparative approach that spans 11 different countries, including the USA, Canada, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, the UK, Algeria, Libya, China, and Germany. This extensive analysis ensures a broad understanding of the global landscape of unconventional resources. Main themes include: · Global Impact: Unconventional resources have not only transformed the United States into a leading oil and gas producer but have also significantly influenced energy strategies worldwide. Countries across North America, South America, Europe, and Asia have adopted various strategies to harness these resources, reshaping the global energy market. · Policy Considerations: Key policy issues addressed in the book include the environmental and social impacts of unconventional resource extraction. Topics such as water management, the coexistence of drilling operations with other land uses, and the social implications of resource extraction are thoroughly examined. · Legal Framework: The book explores the complex legal landscape governing unconventional operations, delves into stakeholder dynamics, regulatory frameworks, and the intricacies of legal provisions that vary from one jurisdiction to another. · Geographical Analysis: In its second part, the book provides an in-depth analysis of specific country regulations. This section offers comparative insights into the regulatory approaches of eleven countries, highlighting both common challenges and unique strategies. The book concludes by exploring lessons learned and future perspectives within the framework of the energy trilemma—balancing energy security, environmental sustainability, and economic affordability. It emphasizes the transformative impact of unconventional resources on energy independence and security, while also addressing the contentious environmental considerations that accompany such developments. Overall, this book aims to equip readers with a comprehensive understanding of the legal and regulatory landscape surrounding unconventional oil and gas resources. By examining global experiences and diverse regulatory frameworks, it seeks to inform decision-making processes and promote sustainable development in the unconventional energy sector. The book benefits from critical analyses and comparative descriptive reviews of each country's unique approach, making it an invaluable resource for policymakers, industry professionals, and scholars alike.
Chile had long forgotten about the existence of the country's Black population when, in 2003, the music and dance called the tumbe carnaval appeared on the streets of the city of Arica. Featuring turbaned dancers accompanied by a lively rhythm played on hide-head drums, the tumbe resonated with cosmopolitan images of what the African Diaspora looks like, and so helped bring attention to a community seeking legal recognition from the Chilean government which denied its existence. Tumbe carnaval, however, was not the only type of music and dance that Afro-Chileans have participated in and identified with over the years. In Styling Blackness in Chile, Juan Eduardo Wolf explores the multiple ways that Black individuals in Arica have performed music and dance to frame their Blackness in relationship to other groups of performers—a process he calls styling. Combining ethnography and semiotic analysis, Wolf illustrates how styling Blackness as Criollo, Moreno, and Indígena through genres like the baile de tierra, morenos de paso, and caporales simultaneously offered individuals alternative ways of identifying and contributed to the invisibility of Afro-descendants in Chilean society. While the styling of the tumbe as Afro-descendant helped make Chile's Black community visible once again, Wolf also notes that its success raises issues of representation as more people begin to perform the genre in ways that resonate less with local cultural memory and Afro-Chilean activists' goals. At a moment when Chile's government continues to discuss whether to recognize the Afro-Chilean population and Chilean society struggles to come to terms with an increase in Latin American Afro-descendant immigrants, Wolf's book raises awareness of Blackness in Chile and the variety of Black music-dance throughout the African Diaspora, while also providing tools that ethnomusicologists and other scholars of expressive culture can use to study the role of music-dance in other cultural contexts.
Pancreatic a-cell biophysics has undergone a veritable informa tion explosion in the past two years. Single channel and macroscopic currents have become easily accessible following the introduction of the patch clamp technique. In addition to this new approach, further development of techniques for optical measurements, ion-sensitive microelectrodes, permeabilized cells and mathematical modelling have recently added to the now classical techniques of membrane potential recording and tracer flux measurement. The International Workshop on Biophysics of the Pancreatic a-Cell held in Alicante (Spain) on Sep tember 30 - October 1, 1985, has now given us the opportunity to share experiences with these new techniques applied to the a-cell. Further more this was the first occasion for most of the groups doing patch clamp studies of the a-cell to decide on appropriate nomenclature and to debate the different characteristics of the a-cell ionic channels. To make this information available to the larger scientific community a record of the meeting has been assembled in this book. It is a collection of research papers by leading scientists at the meet ing working on biophysical, biochemical and physiological aspects. of secretion. We grouped their contributions in seven sections, includ ing new experimental approaches, K-channels, Ca-channels, role of ionic channels, intracellular ionized calcium, neural regulation and mechanisms of insulin release. Each section gives an account of the state of the problem at the time of the meeting, and the subjects are analyzed from the different perspectives of the various contributors.
Foreword TAKE 2016 is a dream that came true. In about six months, a group of friends and colleagues put together in an upcoming and very dynamic university a conference with 9 streams, 3 keynotes, and 3 special sessions. 60 papers presented, 6 posters and around 80 participants from 20 countries. This is awesome! I would like to deeply thank Aveiro University, the GOVCOPP research centre, the conference committee, the keynote speakers, the special session convenors, the stream leaders, the reviewers, the authors, and the administrative people for all their work and support. I want to have two special words one for Blazenka Knezevic without whom the website would not have been possible, the other for Gaby Neumann for work in these Proceedings. Scientifically, TAKE seems to be as important and new and far reaching. We don’t have shortage of models regarding the knowledge economy but we decisively lack to explore the relation between theory and practice. TAKE is a step in exploring that difference. We know that “Exact sciences find the best answers and social sciences give the best questions” (J.C. Spender) and we also know that “Knowledge Management is more preached by scholars than done by practitioners” (Aino Kianto). We assume the first idea and try to overcome the second. Hopefully TAKE 2016 will be a great success. Thank you for everything.
From the age of eleven, Dr. Secundino Rubio knew that he wanted to become a physician. Industrious from the age of six years, he allowed nothing to stand in the way of his dreams. He succeeded, and his life with his wife and young children on the beautiful island of Cuba was all any man could desire until Fidel Castro and his band of guerilla soldiers took control. With sheer determination, Dr. Rubio managed to follow his wife and four small children, one only a baby, from Cuba to Florida. Like many other Cubans, he gave up every thing he had worked for to obtain safety and freedom. Dr. Rubio is a man who has always lived according to what he purposes in his heart. "I have never been one to look back," he says. "I have always set my mind to a course and then followed it to the best of my ability." The memoirs of Dr. Secundino Rubio chronicle his life in Cuba, where he lived during the first thirty-nine years of his life. It continues to South Central Illinois, his home for most of the years since he fled Communist Cuba. His is a story of hard work and courage, of extended family devotion, of love and laughter, interrupted by violence, imprisonment and terror. The pages of WITHOUT A QUARTER IN MY POCKET are filled with stories and photographs of real people, some dating back to the nineteenth century. It is a testimony to one man's spirit, faith and belief that he could do what needed to be done, and do it well.
This book summarizes Ismael Apud’s ethnographic research in the field of ayahuasca, conducted in Latin America and Catalonia over a period of 10 years. To analyze the variety of ayahuasca spiritual practices and beliefs, the author combines different approaches, including medical anthropology, cognitive science of religion, history of science, and religious studies. Ismael Apud is a psychologist and anthropologist from Uruguay, with a PhD in Anthropology at Universitat Rovira i Virgili.
The breadth of Peru's culture from pre-Columbian times to today is surveyed in this one-stop reference. Modern Peru emerges as an ethnically divided nation progressing toward social integration of its heavily Indian and Hispanic population. Ferreira and Dargent, native Peruvians, illustrate how the diverse geography of the country—the Andes, coast, and jungle—has also had a role in shaping cultural and social expression, from history to art. Further exploring the influence of Spanish colonialism and its modern blending with Indian traditions, this volume covers the legacy of the Incas and Machu Picchu, providing an authoritative overview of how the citizenry and major cultural venues, such as the church, media, and arts, have evolved. A chronology and glossary supplement the text.
Why do sugary beverage and fast food industries thrive in the emerging world? An interesting public health paradox has emerged in some developing nations. Despite government commitment to eradicating noncommunicable diseases and innovative prevention programs aimed at reducing obesity and type 2 diabetes, sugary beverage and fast food industries are thriving. But political leaders in countries such as Mexico, Brazil, India, China, and Indonesia are reluctant to introduce policies regulating the marketing and sale of their products, particularly among vulnerable groups like children and the poor. Why? In Junk Food Politics, Eduardo J. Gómez argues that the challenge lies with the strategic politics of junk food industries in these countries. Industry leaders have succeeded in creating supportive political coalitions by, ironically, partnering with governments to promote soda taxes, food labeling, and initiatives focused on public awareness and exercise while garnering presidential support (and social popularity) through contributions to government anti-hunger and anti-poverty campaigns. These industries have also manipulated scientific research by working with academic allies while creating their own support bases among the poor through employment programs and community services. Taken together, these tactics have hampered people's ability to mobilize in support of stricter regulation for the marketing and sale of unhealthy products made by companies such as Coca-Cola, PepsiCo, and Nestlé. Drawing on detailed historical case studies, Junk Food Politics proposes an alternative political science framework that emphasizes how junk food corporations restructure politics and society before agenda-setting ever takes place. This pathbreaking book also reveals how these global corporations further their policy influence through the creation of transnational nongovernmental organizations that support industry views.
The transition to democracy underway in Latin America since the 1980s has recently witnessed a resurgence of interest in experimenting with new forms of local governance emphasizing more participation by ordinary citizens. The hope is both to foster the spread of democracy and to improve equity in the distribution of resources. While participatory budgeting has been a favorite topic of many scholars studying this new phenomenon, there are many other types of ongoing experiments. In Barrio Democracy in Latin America, Eduardo Canel focuses our attention on the innovative participatory programs launched by the leftist government in Montevideo, Uruguay, in the early 1990s. Based on his extensive ethnographic fieldwork, Canel examines how local activists in three low-income neighborhoods in that city dealt with the opportunities and challenges of implementing democratic practices and building better relationships with sympathetic city officials.
The goal of the Volume I Geometric Algebra for Computer Vision, Graphics and Neural Computing is to present a unified mathematical treatment of diverse problems in the general domain of artificial intelligence and associated fields using Clifford, or geometric, algebra. Geometric algebra provides a rich and general mathematical framework for Geometric Cybernetics in order to develop solutions, concepts and computer algorithms without losing geometric insight of the problem in question. Current mathematical subjects can be treated in an unified manner without abandoning the mathematical system of geometric algebra for instance: multilinear algebra, projective and affine geometry, calculus on manifolds, Riemann geometry, the representation of Lie algebras and Lie groups using bivector algebras and conformal geometry. By treating a wide spectrum of problems in a common language, this Volume I offers both new insights and new solutions that should be useful to scientists, and engineers working in different areas related with the development and building of intelligent machines. Each chapter is written in accessible terms accompanied by numerous examples, figures and a complementary appendix on Clifford algebras, all to clarify the theory and the crucial aspects of the application of geometric algebra to problems in graphics engineering, image processing, pattern recognition, computer vision, machine learning, neural computing and cognitive systems.
Trusted as the leading text in the field, Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, 6th Edition, brings you fully up to date with new developments in this rapidly-changing subspecialty. International experts provide thorough coverage of basic science and clear guidance for your day-to-day clinical challenges – from innovative medical and surgical treatments to new drug delivery systems and recent discoveries in genetics, plus much more. In addition, an extensive online video atlas demonstrates movement and posture abnormalities, as well as unique and unusual phenomenology. Get comprehensive, current information on every aspect (including behavioral and psychologic concomitants) of all common and uncommon movement disorders, including Parkinson's disease, other neurodegenerative diseases, tremors, dystonia, Tourette's syndrome, Huntington's disease, and ataxias. Focus on the new discoveries you need to know about: the role of ubiquitin-proteosome and autophagy systems in neurodegeneration; genetics of Parkinson’s disease and other movement disorders; innovative medical and surgical treatment of Parkinson’s disease and hyperkinetic movement disorders; and more. Stay up to date with new information on autoimmune disorders, novel deliveries of drugs, and new formulations of botulinum toxin. Benefit from access to an outstanding online video library (with dozens of new videos) that demonstrate what you’re likely to see in practice and key elements to look for. Instantly view videos online with your tablet or smartphone, thanks to new QR codes inserted throughout the text.
Plays by one of Italy's greatest dramatists Eduardo de Filippo was one of Italy's leading popular dramatists, a fearless social critic, a supreme man of the theatre, and a humane and compassionate writer. The four plays in this volume present different facets of his prolific output, which focused on the lives of the Neapolitan people, their dubious cunning nourished by centuries of hunger, their fantasies and their love of life. The Local Authority, Grand Magic and Filumena Marturano are translated by Carlo Ardito, and Napoli Milionaria was translated by Peter Tinniswood for the Royal National Theatre's production in 1991.
This study illustrates the social and political principal that institutions matter. It explores not only how to get institutions to work efficiently, but also how to assess the proper relationship between institutions and development challenges through evaluative techniques.
No one anticipated in 1958 that, in the midst of a remarkable prosperity, Cuba would fall into Communism. It seemed impossible that an island 90 miles from the US, the most powerful Capitalistic country in the planet, could turn Communist. Yet in one year it happened, at the cost of hundreds of lives, thousands of exiles, the eradication of free press, end of freedom of speech and private education, freedom of worship and private property. Suddenly, everything belonged to the government, Cubans had to ask permission to travel abroad, if they left the island they could not return, the government decided what foods they could eat, where they had to live, what professions they could practice and what jobs were open to them. This book presents the history of how it happened, how it got started and the deceit and the treachery that made it possible. Cuba has not recovered its lost freedoms after60 plus years of Communism... and probably never will. It's a great lesson for anyone sympathetic with the radical left.
This book analyses protests against the Great Recession in the European periphery. While social movements have long been considered as children of affluent times - or at least of times of opening opportunities - these protests defy such expectations, developing instead in moments of diminishing opportunities in both the economic and the political realms. Can social movement studies still be useful to understanding these movements of troubled times? The authors offer a positive answer to this question, although specify the need to bridge contentious politics with other fields, including political economy. They highlight differences in the social movements’ strength and breadth and attempt to understand them in terms of three sets of dimensions: a) the specific characteristics of the socio-economic crisis and its consequences in terms of mobilization potential; b) the political reactions to it, in what we can define as political opportunities and threats; and c) the social movement cultures and structures that characterize each country. The book discusses these topics through a contextualized analysis of anti-austerity protest in the European periphery.
Improvements in Bio-Based Building Blocks Production Through Process Intensification and Sustainability Concepts discusses new information on the production and cost of bio-based building blocks. From a technical point-of-view, almost all industrial materials made from fossil resources can be substituted using bio-based counterparts. However, the cost of bio-based production in many cases exceeds the cost of petrochemical production. In addition, new products must be proven to perform at least as good as their petrochemical equivalents, have a lower environmental impact, meet consumer demand for environmentally-friendly products, factor in population growth, and account for limited supplies of non-renewables. This book outlines the application of process intensification techniques which allow for the generation of clean, efficient and economical processes for bio-based chemical blocks production. - Includes synthesis and process design strategies for intensified processes - Describes multi-objective optimization applied to the production of bio-based building blocks - Presents the controllability of processes where the production of bio-based building blocks is involved - Provides examples using aspen and MATLAB - Introduces several sustainable indexes to evaluate production processes - Presents process intensification techniques to improve performance in productive processes
Histopbysiology of Synapses and Neurosecretion discusses the relationship between subcellular structure and function in synapses. The title discusses how neurosecretion phenomenon takes place in the important areas of central and peripheral nervous system. The first part of text deals with the synapse. Topics such as the concept of synaptic transmission, morphology of synaptic region, and ultrastructure of synaptic region are covered in the first part. Part I also discusses the MORPHO-physiological correlations in certain synapses; and neurochemical studies in isolated nerve endings and synaptic vesicles of the CNS. The second part of the selection covers neorosecretion. Part II tackles the neurohumoral mechanisms and secretion in the hypothalamicneurohypophysial system; secretory processes; and secretion in adrenergic nerves and endings. The book will be of great use to student, researchers, and practitioners of neurology.
Open Compositionality: Towards a New Methodology of Language argues that natural languages, like English and Spanish, are not only systems of representation useful for communication but also highly interactive cognitive capacities allowing humans to engage in complex forms of cognition. This view goes against the orthodox approach within philosophy of language, which considers natural languages to be specialized systems consisting of only linguistic elements and functioning in a closed compositional manner, allowing for fully formal, algebraic descriptions. Eduardo García-Ramírez rejects the longstanding principle of compositionality, according to which the meaning of any complex expression is fully determined by its parts and the way they are combined, and he substitutes it with an alternative, open, and interactive one. This novel view of the nature of language better accounts for the empirical evidence. García Ramírez develops an account of open compositionality, accompanied by the cognition-first methodology, in which natural languages are conceived as supermodular cognitive capacities that allow for interaction among multiple distinct areas of human cognition. The explanatory success of this original proposal and its accompanying methodology are tested by the author’s account of three enduring philosophical problems: substitution failure, empty names, and the nature of moral discourse.
During the mid-twentieth century, Latin American countries witnessed unprecedented struggles over the terms of national sovereignty, civic participation, and social justice. Nowhere was this more visible than in Peronist Argentina (1946-1955), where Juan and Eva Per—n led the region's largest populist movement in pursuit of new political hopes and material desires. Eduardo Elena considers this transformative moment from a fresh perspective by exploring the intersection of populism and mass consumption. He argues that Peronist actors redefined national citizenship around expansive promises of a vida digna (dignified life), which encompassed not only the satisfaction of basic wants, but also the integration of working Argentines into a modern consumer society. Drawing on documents such as the correspondence between Peronist sympathizers and authorities, Elena sheds light on the contest over the vida digna. He shows how the consumer aspirations of citizens overlapped with Peronist paradigms of state-led development, but not without generating great friction among allies and opposition from diverse sectors of society. Consumer practices encouraged intense public scrutiny of class and gender comportment, and everyday objects became charged with new cultural meaning. By providing important insights on why Peronism struck such a powerful chord, Dignifying Argentina situates Latin America within the broader history of citizenship and consumption at midcentury and provides innovative ways to understand the politics of redistribution in the region today.
Enhanced-Oil Recovery (EOR) evaluations focused on asset acquisition or rejuvenation involve a combination of complex decisions, using different data sources. EOR projects have been traditionally associated with high CAPEX and OPEX, as well as high financial risk, which tend to limit the number of EOR projects launched. In this book, the authors propose workflows for EOR evaluations that account for different volumes and quality of information. This flexible workflow has been successfully applied to oil property evaluations and EOR feasibility studies in many oil reservoirs. The methodology associated with the workflow relies on traditional (look-up tables, XY correlations, etc.) and more advanced (data mining for analog reservoir search and geology indicators) screening methods, emphasizing identification of analogues to support decision making. The screening phase is combined with analytical or simplified numerical simulations to estimate full-field performance by using reservoir data-driven segmentation procedures. - Case Studies form Asia, Canada, Mexico, South America and the United States - Assets evaluated include reservoir types ranging from oil sands to condensate reservoirs - Different stages of development and information availability are discussed
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