This Element surveys the place of the bookstore in the creative imagination (the fantasies of the bookstore) through a study of novels in which bookstores play a prominent role in the setting or plot. Nearly 500 'bookstore novels' published since the first in 1917 have been identified. The study borrows the concept of 'meaningful locations' from the field of human geography to assess fictional bookstores as narrative events rather than static backgrounds. As a meaningful location, the bookstore creates the potential for events that can occur both within the place of the store and in the wider space within which it functions. Elements of the narrative space include its spatio-temporal location, its locale or composition, and the events which these elements generate to define the bookstore's sense of place.
Mixed-Species Groups of Animals: Behavior, Community Structure, and Conservation presents a comprehensive discussion on the mixed-species groups of animals, a spectacular and accessible example of the complexity of species interactions. They are found in a wide range of animals, including invertebrates, fish, mammals and birds, and in different habitats, both terrestrial and aquatic, throughout the world. While there are more than 500 articles on this subject scattered in separate categories of journals, there has yet to be a general, cross-taxa book-length introduction to this subject that summarizes the behavior and community structure of these groups. The authors first survey the diversity of spatial associations among animals and then concentrate on moving groups. They review the major classes of theories that have been developed to explain their presence, particularly in how groups increase foraging efficiency and decrease predation. Finally, they explore the intricacies of species interactions, such as communication, that explain species roles in groups and discuss what implications these social systems have for conservation. - Functions as a single resource for readers inside and outside of academia on mixed-species groups, serving as a foundation for future research in this field - Begins with an empirical summary of mixed-species distribution and reviews how the theories explaining their adaptive benefits are supported by the evidence - Includes many aspects of mixed-group behavior (e.g. foraging, communication, collective decision-making, dominance, social roles of species and leadership, relationship to conservation) that were not previously or easily accessible
GAUTENG, South Africa Peter Johnson had only one wish; he wished to be a teacher again. Problem is, he was a hobo and nobody was going to ever employ him. The wealthy Atkinson family was desperately trying to overcome their grief. Not being able to get over the deaths of their twin daughters in a car accident, the husband, Michael, was slowly turning into a monster. Both the Atkinsons and Peter saw their redemption in a miracle event that was coming to town. A heavy thunderstorm however, disrupted peoples efforts to get tickets for this event. When the beggar offer the Atkinsons to queue for them in exchange for a ticket, Kathy eagerly accepted. The Pastor however, got seriously injured in a car accident on his way and the event had to be cancelled. When thousands of people started to leave the stadium in disappointment, the beggar became saddened at the commitment of their faith. Still dressed in his pitiable cloths, he took to the stage and challenged their devotion to God over the powerful speakers. You are so concerned in your own personal healing that you would not care if this whole world rots around you, he screamed at them. Being the professional teacher he once was, he followed that with a most powerful speech from the podium. Bruce Ashton, a highly acclaimed television producer, became enthrall by the intellect of the beggar but was told by his bosses; Sorry, God does not sell; sex, money and violence are whats bringing in the money for any television company. Risking his future as a producer and counting only on the wisdom of the beggar, Bruce Ashton persuaded Peter Johnson to take up role in a TV program. Together they started what was to become a very controversial crusade. The hobos life was never going to be the same again; nor the lives of those who would get involved with his. In this novel, Eben L Le Roux brings people together in a plot that could only be generated by divine intervention. A book so inspiring, motivating, fast paced and thought provoking, it will be hard to put down.
With our American Philosophy and Religion series, Applewood reissues many primary sources published throughout American history. Through these books, scholars, interpreters, students, and non-academics alike can see the thoughts and beliefs of Americans who came before us.
Have you ever wondered how AlphaZero learns to defeat the top human Go players? Do you have any clues about how an autonomous driving system can gradually develop self-driving skills beyond normal drivers? What is the key that enables AlphaStar to make decisions in Starcraft, a notoriously difficult strategy game that has partial information and complex rules? The core mechanism underlying those recent technical breakthroughs is reinforcement learning (RL), a theory that can help an agent to develop the self-evolution ability through continuing environment interactions. In the past few years, the AI community has witnessed phenomenal success of reinforcement learning in various fields, including chess games, computer games and robotic control. RL is also considered to be a promising and powerful tool to create general artificial intelligence in the future. As an interdisciplinary field of trial-and-error learning and optimal control, RL resembles how humans reinforce their intelligence by interacting with the environment and provides a principled solution for sequential decision making and optimal control in large-scale and complex problems. Since RL contains a wide range of new concepts and theories, scholars may be plagued by a number of questions: What is the inherent mechanism of reinforcement learning? What is the internal connection between RL and optimal control? How has RL evolved in the past few decades, and what are the milestones? How do we choose and implement practical and effective RL algorithms for real-world scenarios? What are the key challenges that RL faces today, and how can we solve them? What is the current trend of RL research? You can find answers to all those questions in this book. The purpose of the book is to help researchers and practitioners take a comprehensive view of RL and understand the in-depth connection between RL and optimal control. The book includes not only systematic and thorough explanations of theoretical basics but also methodical guidance of practical algorithm implementations. The book intends to provide a comprehensive coverage of both classic theories and recent achievements, and the content is carefully and logically organized, including basic topics such as the main concepts and terminologies of RL, Markov decision process (MDP), Bellman’s optimality condition, Monte Carlo learning, temporal difference learning, stochastic dynamic programming, function approximation, policy gradient methods, approximate dynamic programming, and deep RL, as well as the latest advances in action and state constraints, safety guarantee, reference harmonization, robust RL, partially observable MDP, multiagent RL, inverse RL, offline RL, and so on.
An African bishop shares his story and ministry. Born in the small Zimbabwean village of Gandanzara, Bishop Eben Kanukayi Nhiwatiwa became an inspired and accomplished leader in the church and larger society. Elected as a bishop in The United Methodist Church in 2004, he has guided ministries in Zimbabwe and across Africa and beyond through periods of immense and rapid change. In his book By the Grace of God, the bishop takes the reader through his educational odyssey, winding through Zimbabwe and the United States. He narrates with humor his introduction to the US and its unfamiliar customs. He inspires readers with the story of the remarkable series of events that shaped him as a Christian and bishop. The book provides a succinct master class on the art and science of leadership. Drawing inspiration and insights from an array of literature and astute observation, Nhiwatiwa synthesizes what have been his most important gleanings about factors that contribute to visionary and effective leadership. Nhiwatiwa became known as the “Chabadza Bishop,” advocating for vibrant mutual partnerships with churches and annual conferences in other parts of the world. Chabadza is a Shona word meaning “to give a helping hand to someone who is already working.” He urges people asking for help to be active workers in the project themselves. He has diligently advanced ideas for collaboration that eliminate approaches rooted in maintaining dependency. Nhiwatiwa writes, “Life-changing events in my life took place, not because of my sustained goal to pursue a certain objective, but that by the grace of God.” His witness and leadership have helped transform The United Methodist Church for ministry in the twenty-first century.
Ethnography that explores the political landscape of West Papua and chronicles indigenous struggles for independence during the late 1990s and early 2000s.
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