Now more than ever, thrombotic and thromboembolic disorders as well as related diseases such as malignancies, arteriosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. They have become urgent medical problems with serious economic consequences in industrialized and devel- ing countries alike. At the same time, the impact of molecular biology and genetics on our understanding of thrombosis and hemostasis is rapidly growing stronger as well as our knowledge of regeneration and development of specific tissues, organs, and embryos. Researchers are also constantly learning more about cardiovascular diseases as well as regulatory mechanisms for various intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli in viable tissues. In this volume, our intention has been to present the latest relevant information in molecular biology and genetics as well as the clinical implications of a better understanding of pathophysiology, novel diagnostic methodologies, and therapeutic applications for new methods of prevention in thrombosis/hemostasis and related disorders, including atherosclerosis. The dramatic advances in knowledge of thrombosis/hemostasis and vascular biology since the first publication of Recent Advances in Thrombosis and Fibrinolysis, edited with Japanese colleagues, in 1991, have required extensive revision in order to highlight and review recent progress in the field. The editors also gratefully welcome the seven distinguished non Japanese authors, who, with their valuable contributions on subjects beyond the coverage by Japanese authors, have made this new edition truly international.
An up-to-date overview of Mesoamerican cultures from early prehistoric times through the fall of the Aztec Empire, Prehistoric Mesoamerica, Third Edition will be useful and appealing to readers interested in Mesoamerican art, society, politics, and intellectual achievement.
As sequel to Aquatic Animal Nutrition – A Mechanistic Perspective from Individuals to Generations, the present treatise on organic macro- and micronutrients continues the unique cross fertilization of aquatic ecology/ecophysiology and aquaculture. This treatise considers proteins and their constituents, carbohydrates from mono- to polysaccharides, fatty acids from free acids to fat, and waxes. It becomes obvious that these organic nutrients are more than only simple fuel for the metabolism of animals; rather, their constituents have messenger and controlling function for the actual consuming individual and even for succeeding generations. This aspect will become particularly clear by putting the organisms under consideration back into their ecosystem with their interrelationships and interdependencies. Furthermore, micronutrients, such as vitamins and nucleotides as well as exogenous enzymes, are in the focus of this volume with known and still-to-be-discovered controlling physiological and biomolecular functions. Aquatic Animal Nutrition – Organic Macro and Micro Nutrients addresses several gaps in nutritional research and practice. One major gap is the lack of common research standards and protocols for nutritional studies so that virtually incomparable approaches have to be compared. This applies also to the studied animals, since most approaches disregard intraspecific variabilities and the existence of epimutations in farmed individuals. Furthermore, recalling the Mechanistic Perspective from Individuals to Generations, dietary benefits and deficiencies have effects on succeeding generations. In most studies, this long-term and sustainable aspect is overruled by pure short-term production aspects. By comparing nutritional behavior and success of fishes and invertebrates, Aquatic Animal Nutrition points out different metabolic pathways in these animal groups and discusses how, for instance, fishes would benefit when having some successful metabolic pathway of invertebrates. Application of novel genetic techniques will help turn this vision into reality. However, a widely missing link in the current nutritional research is epigenetics regarding transgenerational heritages of acquired morphological and physiological properties. To increase public acceptance, nutritional optimization of farmed animals based on this mechanism, rather than genetical engineering, appears promising.
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