Infinitesimal analysis, once a synonym for calculus, is now viewed as a technique for studying the properties of an arbitrary mathematical object by discriminating between its standard and nonstandard constituents. Resurrected by A. Robinson in the early 1960's with the epithet 'nonstandard', infinitesimal analysis not only has revived the methods of infinitely small and infinitely large quantities, which go back to the very beginning of calculus, but also has suggested many powerful tools for research in every branch of modern mathematics. The book sets forth the basics of the theory, as well as the most recent applications in, for example, functional analysis, optimization, and harmonic analysis. The concentric style of exposition enables this work to serve as an elementary introduction to one of the most promising mathematical technologies, while revealing up-to-date methods of monadology and hyperapproximation. This is a companion volume to the earlier works on nonstandard methods of analysis by A.G. Kusraev and S.S. Kutateladze (1999), ISBN 0-7923-5921-6 and Nonstandard Analysis and Vector Lattices edited by S.S. Kutateladze (2000), ISBN 0-7923-6619-0
Present-day scienceand technology have become increasingly based on studies and applications of thin films. This is especiallytrue of solid-state physics, semiconduc tor electronics, integrated optics, computer science, and the like. In these fields, it is necessary to use filmswith an ordered structure, especiallysingle-crystallinefilms, because physical phenomena and effects in such films are most reproducible. Also, active parts of semiconductor and other devices and circuits are created, as a rule, in single-crystal bodies. To date, single-crystallinefilms have been mainly epitaxial (or heteroepitaxial); i.e., they have been grown on a single-crystalline substrate, and principal trends, e.g., in the evolution of integrated circuits (lCs), have been based on continuing reduction in feature size and increase in the number of components per chip. However, as the size decreases into the submicrometer range, technological and physical limitations in integrated electronics become more and more severe. It is generally believed that a feature size of about 0.1um will have a crucial character. In other words, the present two-dimensional ICs are anticipated to reach their limit of minimization in the near future, and it is realized that further increase of packing density and/or functions might depend on three-dimensional integration. To solve the problem, techniques for preparation of single-crystalline films on arbitrary (including amorphous) substrates are essential.
High brightness metal vapor lasers have become the most bright and powerful in the visible spectral range among all existing laser types, resulting in numerous applications ranging from purely fundamental research to practical application in large-scale commercial problems such as isotope selection. This book presents a full series of fundamental problems on the development of physical fundamentals and mathematical models for practical realization of a high-power laser radiation on self-contained transitions in metal atoms. It is the first fundamental review on physics and the technique of high-brightness metal vapor lasers.
Longlisted for the PQ Best Publication Award in Performance Design & Scenography 2023 Immersion and Participation in Punchdrunk's Theatrical Worlds is a detailed account of the company's award-winning productions and their historical context. Examining Punchdrunk's role as pioneers of immersive theatre in the UK through a range of their productions including Sleep No More and The Drowned Man besides theatrical works such as Faust, The Duchess of Malfi and Kabeiroi, and cross-platform productions like The Moon Slave, The Borough and The Oracles, the book presents an original framework for understanding immersion in theatrical and mixed reality experiences. Central to the book is a study of how immersive experience is produced in interaction with physical and digital scenography for participatory audiences. Through ethnographies of the company, their designers, actors, producers and audiences, the book interrogates the relationship between the aesthetics of interaction and the experience of immersion in Punchdrunk's work. The theoretical framework that the book introduces affords analyses of material cultures and the influence of technology on interaction design in theatre and beyond, and offers a blueprint for next-generation immersive design and scenography for interactive multimedia environments.
The present book might be regarded as a sequel to my previous work, Bioinorganic Chemistry: An Introduction (Allyn and Bacon, 1977). The latter is essentially a collection of chemical and physical data pertinent to an understanding of the biological functions of the various elements and the proteins dependent on them. The ten years since its publication have seen an enormous increase in research activity in this area, hence of research papers. A number of monographs and review series on specific topics have also appeared, including the volumes in the series of which the present volume is a part. Nevertheless, a gap has developed between the flood of information available at a detailed level (papers and reviews) and a general description of the underlying principles of biofunctions of the elements as presently conceived. It is hoped that this book will help bridge this gap and at the same time provide an overview of the entire Biochemistry of the Elements series. Specifically, the work attempts to focus on "why" questions, especially, "Why has an element been chosen by organisms for a specific biofunction?" and "Why does an element behave the way it does in biological systems?" It therefore complements my 1977 book and, together with Laboratory Introduction to Bio-Inorganic Chemistry (E. -I. Ochiai and D. R. Williams, Macmillan, 1979), completes a trilogy on the topic of bioinorganic chemistry. This book consists of five parts. Two chapters constitute Part I.
Amorphous silicon solar cell technology has evolved considerably since the first amorphous silicon solar cells were made at RCA Laboratories in 1974. Scien tists working in a number of laboratories worldwide have developed improved alloys based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon and microcrystalline silicon. Other scientists have developed new methods for growing these thin films while yet others have developed new photovoltaic (PV) device structures with im proved conversion efficiencies. In the last two years, several companies have constructed multi-megawatt manufacturing plants that can produce large-area, multijunction amorphous silicon PV modules. A growing number of people be lieve that thin-film photovoltaics will be integrated into buildings on a large scale in the next few decades and will be able to make a major contribution to the world's energy needs. In this book, Ruud E. I. Schropp and Miro Zeman provide an authoritative overview of the current status of thin film solar cells based on amorphous and microcrystalline silicon. They review the significant developments that have occurred during the evolution of the technology and also discuss the most im portant recent innovations in the deposition of the materials, the understanding of the physics, and the fabrication and modeling of the devices.
Written by a preeminent teacher and scientist in the field, Bioinorganic Chemistry provides specialists, students, and general readers with an understanding of the basic chemistry of interactions of inorganic substances with biological systems at the molecular level. The author presents bioinorganic concepts in context and brings a distinct chemistry perspective to the subject. - Provides the streamlined coverage appropriate for one-semester courses or independent study, with all of the necessary but none of the excessive information - Prepares readers to move to the next level of study (whether they continue on in the field or transition to medicine/industry) - Presents concepts through extensive four-color visuals, appealing to a range of learning styles - Promotes critical thinking through open-ended questions throughout the narrative and at the end of each chapter
Recently there has been growing interest in the physical properties of rocks. To interpret data on the geophysical fields observed near the Earth's surface, we must know the physical properties of the materials composing the interior. Moreover, the development of geophysical methods (in particular, electrical methods) is necessitating a multiple approach to the study of the physical properties of rocks and minerals. In connection with problems now appearing, the physical properties of rocks must be studied in the laboratory under var ious thermodynamic conditions. Electrical methods of geophysi cal exploration often may require only data obtained at atmos pheric pressure and room temperature, or at temperatures below 100°C. If, however, we have in mind geophysical field observa tions on the composition and state of matter deep in the Earth's crust and mantle, we must conduct laboratory experiments at high pressures and temperatures. For example, in interpreting data from geomagnetic soundings of the mantle, we may need experi mental results on the electrical properties of rocks at pressures of tens of kilobars and temperatures of the order of lOOO°C. In this connection, we must remember that pressure has relatively little effect on the electrical properties of rocks, whereas, tem perature affects them very strongly. v vi FOREWORD At present, while research into the mechanical properties of rocks (relating to the problems of geophysics, geochemistry, geology, and mining) is pressing forward on a wide front, much less work is being done with electrical properties.
Liquid crystals, widely used in displays for electronic equipment and other applications, have highly unusual properties arising from the anisotropy of their molecules. It appears that some aspects of the fluid dynamics of liquid crystals, such as their viscosity, can be understood only by considering the role played by thermal fluctuations. In order to provide a theoretical framework for understanding the experimental results, the authors devote a large part of the book to a derivation of the nonlinear dynamic equations and to a discussion of linearized equations for the various types of liquid crystals. The diagrammatic and other techniques they use are of general use in condensed matter physics, and this exposition should thus be of interest to all condensed-matter theorists.
Here's the book that clearly and logically answers the complex question quality managers and product developers face almost every day: WHICH PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT TOOLS SHOULD I USE AND WHEN? This much-needed, well-written roadmap for robust, efficient product development features: * All the coverage needed to implement six sigma in any manufacturing concern * A complete review of both traditional and contemporary design methods * Systems discussed include: DOE (Design Of Experiment), Taguchi Method, QFD (Quality Function Deployment), Axiomatic Design, and TRIZ (Theory for Inventive Problem-Solving) * Practical examples to highlight important elements of each system * A unique multi-systems approach to designing products, incorporating the traditional and contemporary methods discussed, detailing how and when to use them * Valuable assistance when preparing for certification exams
Infinitesimal analysis, once a synonym for calculus, is now viewed as a technique for studying the properties of an arbitrary mathematical object by discriminating between its standard and nonstandard constituents. Resurrected by A. Robinson in the early 1960's with the epithet 'nonstandard', infinitesimal analysis not only has revived the methods of infinitely small and infinitely large quantities, which go back to the very beginning of calculus, but also has suggested many powerful tools for research in every branch of modern mathematics. The book sets forth the basics of the theory, as well as the most recent applications in, for example, functional analysis, optimization, and harmonic analysis. The concentric style of exposition enables this work to serve as an elementary introduction to one of the most promising mathematical technologies, while revealing up-to-date methods of monadology and hyperapproximation. This is a companion volume to the earlier works on nonstandard methods of analysis by A.G. Kusraev and S.S. Kutateladze (1999), ISBN 0-7923-5921-6 and Nonstandard Analysis and Vector Lattices edited by S.S. Kutateladze (2000), ISBN 0-7923-6619-0
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