Chemical Metallurgy provides an understanding of the fundamental chemical principles and demonstrates the application of these principles to process metallurgy and corrosion protection. The book discusses the fundamental chemical principles involved in metallurgical reactions. Since it is felt that the understanding of quantitative thermodynamics and its application to process metallurgy often prove to be a major problem area for students, example calculations and exercises are included at the end of each section in Chapter 2. The final three chapters deal with the applications of the chemical principles to the extraction and refining of metals, metal melting and recycling, and metallic corrosion. The book is intended as an introductory text for metallurgy students studying for first degrees, TEC higher diplomas and certificates, and Graduateship of the Institution of Metallurgists. It should also be of use to scientists and engineers entering employment in the metallurgical and metal finishing industries or the teaching profession.
Early modern historians have theorized about the nature of the new 'British' history for a generation. This study examines how British politics operated in practice during the age of Mary, Queen of Scots, and explains how the crises of the mid-sixteenth century moulded the future political shape of the British Isles. A central figure in these struggles was the fifth earl of Argyll, the most powerful magnate not only at the court of Queen Mary, his sister-in-law, but throughout the three kingdoms. His domination of the Western Highlands and Islands drew him into the complex politics of the north of Ireland, while his Protestant commitment involved him in Anglo-Scottish relations. His actions also helped determine the Protestant allegiance of the British mainland and the political and religious complexion of Ireland. Argyll's career therefore demonstrates both the possibilities and the limitations of British history throughout the early modern period.
The one-stop tax guide for the first-time or last-minute filer Updated and revised for the 2008 tax year, Taxes 2009 For Dummies is the only tax guide on the market that walks readers through the major tax forms line by line, including the 1040 Schedules A through E. Filled with helpful tips and strategies for filing income tax returns accurately and on time, this book is aimed at individuals who want to do their own taxes without hiring a preparer. Financial expert Eric Tyson teams up with tax experts Margaret Munro and David Silverman to answer the most frequently asked tax questions in plain English.
To appreciate the chemistry and physical properties of complexes of the transition series, an understanding of metal-ligand interactions applied to complexes of the d-block is needed. Metal Ligand Bonding aims to provide this through an accessible, detailed, non-mathematical approach. Initial chapters detail the crystal-field model, using it to describe the use of magnetic measurements to distinguish complexes with different electronic configurations and geometries. Subsequent chapters look at the molecular orbital theory of transition metal complexes using a pictorial approach. Bonding in octahedral complexes is explored and electronic spectra and magnetic properties are given extensive coverage. The material addressed in this book forms the foundation of undergraduate lecture courses on d-block chemistry and facilitates learning through various key features, including: full colour diagrams; in-text questions with answers; revision exercises and clearly defined learning outcomes to encourage a reflective approach to study; an associated website; and experimental data and observations from everyday life. A basic knowledge of atomic and molecular orbitals as applied to main group elements is assumed.
Tax season doesn’t just have to be about paying Uncle Sam his due. Sure, giving up your hard-earned dollars hurts, but you can turn lemons into lemonade by turning knowledge into immediate and long-term tax savings. What’s more, wising up about your tax situation can only increase your financial savvy and bolster your future fiscal health. Combining tax-preparation and tax-planning advice, Taxes 2007 For Dummies is the latest offering in the highly praised Taxes For Dummies series. This easy and fun guide (yes, a fun tax guide) walks you line-by-line through the most common forms, with analysis especially relevant for TurboTax and other tax software users. Fully updated for 2006, including Alternative Minimum Tax relief and Roth IRA conversions, this handy resource covers critical tax code changes and provides new tips for money-saving end-of-year tax moves. You’ll find out how to: Itemize your deductions Negotiate with the IRS Take advantage of tax credits to reduce what you owe Make tax-wise personal finance decisions Avoid common mistakes before you file Audit-proof your tax return Fill out the dreaded Schedule D Packed with standout tips, tax cut opportunities, warnings, reminders, and sidebars, Taxes 2007 For Dummies is a clear road map to doing your taxes in 2007—and to wisely planning your future finances for years ahead.
Helps you avoid common mistakes -- before you file The fun and friendly guide to saving on taxes this and every year Avoid tax headaches with the book that demystifies forms, minimizes errors, and answers your most important tax questions. Fully updated for 2005, including information directed to military families and hurricane victims, this handy, helpful guide covers critical tax code changes and offers reliable advice on keeping more of what you earn. Discover how to * Itemize your deductions * Negotiate with the IRS * Take advantage of tax credits to reduce what you owe * Deal with real estate taxes * Make tax-wise personal finance decisions * Get answers from your tax advisor
The best of these books for tax novices." —Worth magazine Can a fantastic tax-prep guide actually make doing your taxes fun? Probably not, but you'll have a lot more fun doing your taxes with the help of Taxes 2008 For Dummies than you would without it. This uncommonly friendly tax guide weaves you through the tax-filing maze, walking you line by line through the most common forms for fast, easy filing. Fully updated for 2008, including details on Alternative Minimum Tax relief, enhanced child tax benefits, and deductibility of mortgage insurance premiums, this indispensable handbook also a new list of wise end-of-year moneysaving tax moves. You’ll discover how to: Organize your records and keep them organized Choose your filing status Save time and money filing your taxes Itemize your deductions with Schedule A Take full advantage of Schedule C deductions Determine your capital gains and losses Negotiate with the IRS Use tax credits to reduce what you owe Make tax-wise personal finance decisions Maximize your tax software and e-filing options Audit-proof your tax return Make sure you don't pay for IRS mistakes Complete with four Top Ten tip lists covering audit avoidance, finding overlooked tax-reduction opportunities, interview questions for tax advisers, and special tax issues for military families, Taxes 2008 For Dummies may not make you laugh while your filling out your tax forms, but you'll smile when your done.
Fundamentals of Photonics A complete, thoroughly updated, full-color third edition Fundamentals of Photonics, Third Edition is a self-contained and up-to-date introductory-level textbook that thoroughly surveys this rapidly expanding area of engineering and applied physics. Featuring a blend of theory and applications, coverage includes detailed accounts of the primary theories of light, including ray optics, wave optics, electromagnetic optics, and photon optics, as well as the interaction of light and matter. Presented at increasing levels of complexity, preliminary sections build toward more advanced topics, such as Fourier optics and holography, photonic-crystal optics, guided-wave and fiber optics, LEDs and lasers, acousto-optic and electro-optic devices, nonlinear optical devices, ultrafast optics, optical interconnects and switches, and optical fiber communications. The third edition features an entirely new chapter on the optics of metals and plasmonic devices. Each chapter contains highlighted equations, exercises, problems, summaries, and selected reading lists. Examples of real systems are included to emphasize the concepts governing applications of current interest. Each of the twenty-four chapters of the second edition has been thoroughly updated.
Colonial Canada changed enormously between the 1760s and the 1860s, the Conquest and Confederation, but the idea of civilization seen to guide those transformations changed still more. A cosmopolitan and optimistic theory of history was written into the founding Canadian constitution as a check on state violence, only to be reversed and undone over the next century. Civilization was hegemony, a contradictory theory of unrestrained power and restraints on that power. Occupying a middle ground between British and American hegemonies, all the different peoples living in Canada felt those contradictions very sharply. Both Britain and America came to despair of bending Canada violently to their will, and new forms of hegemony, a greater reckoning with soft power, emerged in the wake of those failures. E.A. Heaman shows that the view from colonial Canada matters for intellectual and political history. Canada posed serious challenges to the Scottish Enlightenment, the Pax Britannica, American manifest destiny, and the emerging model of the nation-state. David Hume’s theory of history shaped the Canadian imaginary in constitutional documents, much-thumbed histories, and a certain liberal-conservative political and financial orientation. But as settlers flooded across the continent, cosmopolitanism became chauvinism, and the idea of civilization was put to accomplishing plunder and predation on a transcontinental scale. Case studies show crucial moments of conceptual reversal, some broadly representative and some unique to Canada. Dissecting the Seven Years’ War, domestic relations, the fiscal military state, liberal reform, social statistics, democracy, constitutionalism, and scholarly history, Heaman shows how key British and Canadian public figures grappled with the growing gap between theory and practice. By historicizing the concept of civilization, this book connects Enlightenment ideals and anti-colonialism, shown in contest with colonialism in Canada before Confederation.
The Chemistry of Ruthenium is concerned with the chemistry of ruthenium, with emphasis on synthesis and structure. The discussion spans a wide range of fields, from coordination chemistry and organometallic chemistry to structural chemistry (of both molecular and extended lattices), electrochemistry and photochemistry, as well as kinetics and spectroscopy. Comprised of 15 chapters, this book begins with an introduction to the discovery and early history of ruthenium, along with its extraction and purification, isotopes, physical and chemical properties, and applications. The discussion then turns to the concept of oxidation state and a scheme for systematizing descriptive inorganic chemistry together with its applicability to ruthenium chemistry. Subsequent chapters focus on the chemistry of ruthenium(VIII), ruthenium(VII), ruthenium(VI), ruthenium(V), ruthenium(IV), ruthenium(III), ruthenium(II), ruthenium(I), and ruthenium(0). The book also considers ruthenium carbonyl clusters and nitrosyls before concluding with a review of the photophysics and photochemistry of tris(diimine)ruthenium(II) complexes. This monograph will be useful to students, practitioners, and researchers in the field of inorganic chemistry, as well as those who are interested in the chemistry of ruthenium.
Phosgene, COCl2 is a C1 chemical of major industrial importance. The annual production, worldwide, is more than 1 million tons; 90% of which is used in the manufacture of isocyanates and of polyurethane and polycarbonate resins. Phosgene is also extensively used as a synthetic reagent in organic chemistry, in particular in the preparation of acyl chlorides, chloroformate esters, organic carbonates and carbamoyl chlorides.Although more than 7000 papers have appeared on phosgene and some 1000 papers on its analogues, this is the first book on these interesting chemicals. It presents a critical treatise of phosgene, ranging from its discovery and subsequent use as a war gas to some potential applications of the material into the 21st century. It includes chapters on biological effects and industrial hygiene; on synthesis, formation and manufacture; analysis, uses, environmental effects, and physical and thermodynamic properties. Reactions with organic and inorganic materials are described. Four of the seventeen chapters are devoted to a description of the carbonyl halides (especially carbonyl difluoride) related to phosgene, and a special section deals collectively with the electronic structures of carbonyl halide molecules.Featuring the first-ever comprehensive discussion of the medical effects of phosgene poisoning and the most modern methods of treating exposure victims, the book will be of interest to historians and militarists and those working in the chemical industries (heavy chemicals, agricultural and pharmaceutical), university libraries, hospitals, medical research centres, museums, environmental research centres, poison units and health and safety institutions world-wide.
A story spanning worlds and centuries -- from a distant, destitute future and the ambitions of a young scientist, to the possibility of a thriving tomorrow… from the dreams of a young village girl in India, to the broad vistas of the American West… from a rain-drenched African jungle and the mighty Congo that flows through it, to a seed of understanding that could transform a world . . . This epic tale unravels mysteries arising out of our deepest past, and offers a glimpse of the surprising promise that lies ahead.
Microbe Microbe THIRD EDITION Brings the excitement, breadth, and power of the modern microbial sciences to the next generation of students and scientists. This third edition of the bestselling Microbe textbook is an eloquent and highly readable introduction to microbiology that will engage and excite science majors and pre-health professionals. The authors have carefully crafted a lively narrative with stunning, detailed illustrations to bring key concepts to life and promote a lifelong passion for the microbial sciences. Microbe is replete with case studies, ranging from a MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) outbreak in an NFL locker room to the search for life outside of Earth, that illustrate relevant microbiology concepts in real-world scenarios. To further engage students and deepen their understanding of both the principles and practice of science, each chapter includes activities that encourage students to demonstrate and apply their knowledge of the topics presented. Questions are posed throughout each chapter to introduce important subjects and to prompt students to actively participate in the learning experience. This new edition also features highlight boxes exploring the varied roles and applications of microbes at work in our world as well as profiles of the diverse array of individuals who work in and adjacent to the field of microbiology. An equally valuable tool for instructors of all classroom modalities, Microbe integrates key concepts, learning outcomes, and fundamental statements directly from the ASM Curriculum Guidelines for Undergraduate Microbiology. The new edition also provides robust instructor materials, including slides with figures and tables from the text, access to more than 250 peer-reviewed questions for microbiology education, and an instructors’ manual featuring answers for end-of-chapter questions as well as supplemental exercises and resources to challenge students to dig deeper into their understanding of the material. "This is a fantastic text that makes microbiology accessible to students. The new edition highlights a One Health perspective and the impact of microbiology on society and the human experience. The stories of Microbiologists at Work reflect the diversity of individuals making contributions to the field through a range of career paths. The conversational, engaging writing style; the learning outcomes that provide roadmaps for guided reading; and the clear, concise figures make this a text my students enjoy." —Mary E. Allen, Professor of Biology & Coordinator of Academic Assessment, Hartwick College "Microbe is one of the best undergraduate textbooks I have used to teach microbial metabolism. It has the perfect mix of examples from both the research literature and the real world for explaining challenging concepts to students. The new human gut microbiome chapter is amazing and does a great job of tying in concepts students learn in earlier chapters." —Kersten Schroeder, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences-College of Medicine, University of Central Florida
Chemistry and turnover of naturally occurring resistant organic compounds in soil; In situ analysis of soil components of biological origin; Oxidate coupling of aromatic compounds by ensymes from soil microorganisms; Control of urea transformations in soils; Chemistry and distribution of amino sugars in soils and soil organisms; Biochemistry, ecology, and microbiology of petroleum components in soil; Biological nitrogen fixation; Denitrification; Heavy metals in soil biology and biochemistry; Microbial biomass in soil: measurement and turnover.
Ballad of a Bagpiper is the first of its kind telling the funny side of bagpipes. With an ancestor that invented the wash closet (bathroom), it's no wonder that E.A. Channon leads an unusual and interesting life. Playing his bagpipes at events and special occasions for 35 years, he has a collection of interesting and bizarre tales that he shares in Ballad of a Bagpiper, winner of the 2010 Florida Publishers Award.Have you ever thought that bagpipes would be played at a nudist camp? Or in a nudist wedding? What about at a vampire wedding? How about at a funeral where the bagpiper suddenly disappears ... Ballad of a Bagpiper tells of a man who has devoted his life to bringing the sound of bagpipes around the world. Whether it's a wedding, funeral or any special occasion, not all events turn out as elegantly as planned. Bagpiper and author E.A. Channon knows this because he's seen just about everything. Channon's out-of-the-ordinary and fascinating life includes traveling around the world from an early age, which allows him to have played the bagpipes for a variety of well-known people such as Queen Elizabeth, Princess Diana, Bill Gates and President Reagan.
This book will give you the tools to prepare some of the most common tax returns. As you read through each chapter, you will learn the tax laws and see them in practice with comprehensive illustrations. Throughout the book there are review questions and tax problems for you to work out, because we believe practice is the key to learning. We have included an Answer Guide in the Appendix to assist you. There are two parts to this text. The first part will teach you to prepare a basic return while the second part will introduce some of the more involved aspects of taxation. Each chapter focuses on certain aspects and walks you through that aspect of the tax return step by step. By the time you finish this book you will be amazed at how easy it is to prepare a tax return! Mary W. Adams in an Enrolled Agent, eligible to represent taxpayers before the Internal Revenue Service. She has been preparing tax returns for several years with ABS Tax Service in Mobile, Alabama, giving her real world knowledge of tax preparation. She has been teaching tax preparation courses since 2001 and has captured the fundamentals of basic tax preparation in her own work, while trying to make the learning process as enjoyable as is the teaching process for her. She lives in Mobile, Alabama, with her husband and three children. She continues to prepare tax returns for ABS Tax Service.
Originally published in 1947, this book provides a student's guide to physical chemistry. It incorporates introductory material on the subject, together with more detailed information appropriate to a degree-level qualification. The basic principles of physical chemistry, as understood at the time, are applied to a number of simple problems arranged in a logical order.
In the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, economists around the world have advanced theories to explain the persistence of high unemployment and low growth rates. According to Roger E. A. Farmer, these theories can be divided into two leading schools of thought: the ideas of pre-Keynesian scholars who blame the recession on bad economic policy, and the suggestions of "New Keynesian" scholars who propose standard modifications to select assumptions of Keynes' General Theory. But Farmer eschews both these schools of thought, arguing instead that in order to mitigate current financial crises-and prevent future ones-macroeconomic theory must become attuned to present-day conditions. Governments need to intervene in asset markets in a manner similar to the recent behavior of central banks, and principal actors in the international economy need to pursue financial stability. The primary mechanism for securing such stability would be for sovereign nations to create sovereign wealth funds backed by the present value of future tax revenues. These funds would function along the lines in which exchange-traded funds currently operate, and in time, they would become the backbone for stabilizing financial markets. Written in clear, accessible language by a prominent macroeconomic theorist, Prosperity for All proposes a paradigm shift and policy changes that could successfully raise employment rates, keep inflation at bay, and stimulate growth.
Was Canada's Dominion experiment of 1867 an experiment in political domination? Looking to taxes provides the answer: they are a privileged measure of both political agency and political domination. To pay one's taxes was the sine qua non of entry into political life, but taxes are also the point of politics, which is always about the control of wealth. Modern states have everywhere been born of tax revolts, and Canada was no exception. Heaman shows that the competing claims of the propertied versus the people are hardwired constituents of Canadian political history. Tax debates in early Canada were philosophically charged, politically consequential dialogues about the relationship between wealth and poverty. Extensive archival research, from private papers, commissions, the press, and all levels of government, serves to identify a rising popular challenge to the patrician politics that were entrenched in the Constitutional Act of 1867 under the credo "Peace, Order, and good Government." Canadians wrote themselves a new constitution in 1867 because they needed a new tax deal, one that reflected the changing balance of regional, racial, and religious political accommodations. In the fifty years that followed, politics became social politics and a liberal state became a modern administrative one. But emerging conceptions of fiscal fairness met with intense resistance from conservative statesmen, culminating in 1917 in a progressive income tax and the bitterest election in Canadian history. Tax, Order, and Good Government tells the story of Confederation without exceptionalism or misplaced sentimentality and, in so doing, reads Canadian history as a lesson in how the state works. Tax, Order, and Good Government follows the money and returns taxation to where it belongs: at the heart of Canada's political, economic, and social history.
As economic crimes continue to increase, accountants and law enforcement personnel must be vigilant in expanding their knowledge of ways to detect these clandestine operations. Written by a retired IRS agent with more than twenty years of experience, Financial Investigation and Forensic Accounting, Third Edition offers a complete examination of the current methods and legal considerations involved in the detection and prosecution of economic crimes. Explores a range of crimes Following an overview of the economic cost of crime, the book examines different types of offenses with a financial element, ranging from arson to tax evasion. It explores offshore activities and the means criminals use to hide their ill-gotten gains. The author provides a thorough review of evidentiary rules as well as the protocol involved in search warrants. He examines the two modalities used to prove financial crime: the Net Worth Method and the Expenditure Theory, and presents an example scenario based on real-life incidents. Organized crime and consumer fraud Additional topics include organized crime and money laundering — with profiles of the most nefarious cartels — consumer and business fraud and the different schemes that befall the unwary, computer crimes, and issues surrounding banking and finance. The book also presents focused and concrete advice on trial preparation and specific accounting and audit techniques. New chapters in the third edition New material enhances this third edition, including new chapters on investigative interview analysis and document examination, as well as advice for fraud examiners working on private cases, including the preparation of an engagement letter. For a successful prosecution, it is essential to recognize financial crime at its early stages. This practical text presents the nuts and bolts of fraud examination and forensic accounting, enabling investigators to stay ahead of an area that is increasingly taking on global importance.
Farmer argues for the future of macroeconomics as a branch ofapplied general equilibrium theory. His main theme is thatmacroeconomics is best viewed as the study of equilibrium environmentsin which the welfare theorems break down.
Taxes For Dummies 2005 cuts that down to size and helps you discover how the tax system works and how to legally make it work for you. Legally is a key word. Written by Eric Tyson, MBA, financial counselor, syndicated columnist, and bestselling author, and David J. Silverman, EA, tax advisor, it shows you how, through careful planning, you can minimize your taxes and still sleep at night. Organized and indexed so you can find what you need and ignore the rest, there is practical information about: Recent changes even experienced filers need to know about Tax return preparation—using resources, software, digital filing, and/or getting professional help Graduating from the shoebox system to organized recordkeeping The basics—filing status, exemptions, when to file, and more The most common forms and schedules, including 1040EZ, 1040A, 1040, and Schedules A, B, C, D, E, and F (explained step-by-step and line-by-line) Income and adjustments to it Estimated taxes That’s the information most people desperately need on April 14th. But the most valuable information is on tax planning—not tax filing. No matter what bracket you’re in, this is the part you shouldn’t ignore. It includes guidelines and advice on: Reducing taxes with retirement planning Small business tax planning Investment and taxes, including some types of tax-favored investments to avoid Real estate taxes, including information on buying a home, getting a mortgage, and selling a home Kids and taxes, including a caution about education savings accounts Estate planning (after all, with your new tax expertise, you may someday have an estate) Just in case, there’s also information on correcting mistakes (yours or the IRS’s) and avoiding or surviving the dreaded audit. With Taxes for Dummies 2005, you’re prepared. It’s one of the least-taxing ways to get the information you need to file and to minimize your taxes.
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