One of the most important—and beautiful—mathematical solutions ever devised, Noether’s theorem touches on every aspect of physics. "In the judgment of the most competent living mathematicians, Fräulein Noether was the most significant creative mathematical genius thus far produced since the higher education of women began."—Albert Einstein The year was 1915, and the young mathematician Emmy Noether had just settled into Göttingen University when Albert Einstein visited to lecture on his nearly finished general theory of relativity. Two leading mathematicians of the day, David Hilbert and Felix Klein, dug into the new theory with gusto, but had difficulty reconciling it with what was known about the conservation of energy. Knowing of her expertise in invariance theory, they requested Noether’s help. To solve the problem, she developed a novel theorem, applicable across all of physics, which relates conservation laws to continuous symmetries—one of the most important pieces of mathematical reasoning ever developed. Noether’s “first” and “second” theorem was published in 1918. The first theorem relates symmetries under global spacetime transformations to the conservation of energy and momentum, and symmetry under global gauge transformations to charge conservation. In continuum mechanics and field theories, these conservation laws are expressed as equations of continuity. The second theorem, an extension of the first, allows transformations with local gauge invariance, and the equations of continuity acquire the covariant derivative characteristic of coupled matter-field systems. General relativity, it turns out, exhibits local gauge invariance. Noether’s theorem also laid the foundation for later generations to apply local gauge invariance to theories of elementary particle interactions. In Dwight E. Neuenschwander’s new edition of Emmy Noether’s Wonderful Theorem, readers will encounter an updated explanation of Noether’s “first” theorem. The discussion of local gauge invariance has been expanded into a detailed presentation of the motivation, proof, and applications of the “second” theorem, including Noether’s resolution of concerns about general relativity. Other refinements in the new edition include an enlarged biography of Emmy Noether’s life and work, parallels drawn between the present approach and Noether’s original 1918 paper, and a summary of the logic behind Noether’s theorem.
Reprint of the original. The publishing house Anatiposi publishes historical books as reprints. Due to their age, these books may have missing pages or inferior quality. Our aim is to preserve these books and make them available to the public so that they do not get lost.
MeKenzie Barber Redux is the story of a reunion of McKenzie Barber (an acquired consulting firm) and Robson Barber (the acquiring firm.) It has been five years following the 1992 merger vote held at the Boca Mirage Club. The merger resulted in capsized careers for many McKenzie Barber Partners and advancements for a select few. John Grunwaldyt, the protagonist, has been a casualty. Since the merger he has been in the Litigation "Penalty Box" flopped in the backwaters of the merged firm's Chemical Industries Practice, left his wife and moved in with a lady named Amanda, a media communications consultant, and his career is in limbo short of vesting in the firm's retirement plan. One of the youngest partner admissions in the history of the firm at age 28, his golden boy career, appears to have landed in a permanent ditch. He is summoned to the office of Dr. Gilbert Ranglinger, Vice Chairman-Human Resources for Robson Barber for an early morning meeting. Dr.Ranglinger's nickname in the corridors of Robson Barber is "Dr. Death". Grunwaldyt assumes he has been summoned to commence termination discussions. Instead Dr. Death proposes that Grunwaldyt organize a Reunion for the McKenzie Barber Partners. He is given the choice, organize the reunion or begin termination discussions. Jon Grunwaldyt begins an odyssey that confronts his past, faces the options of a cloudy future, and leads to a confrontation in the final fork in his career road, a McKenzie Barber Alumni Reunion at the resort hotel called Boca Mirage.
Reprint of the original, first published in 1871. The publishing house Anatiposi publishes historical books as reprints. Due to their age, these books may have missing pages or inferior quality. Our aim is to preserve these books and make them available to the public so that they do not get lost.
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