The origins of the Post Office go back to the early years of the Tudor monarchy: Brian Tuke, a former King's Bailiff in Sandwich, was acknowledged as the first 'Master of the Posts' by Cardinal Wolsey in 1512, and went on to build up a network of 'postmasters' across England for Henry VIII. Over the following five hundred years the Royal Mail expanded to an unimaginable degree to become the largest employer in the country, and the face of the British state for most people in their everyday lives. But it also faced the demands of an increasingly commercial marketplace. With the election of Margaret Thatcher in 1979, the possibility of privatising the Royal Mail has prompted passionate arguments - and has added immeasurably to the difficulties of running it. In charting the whole of this extraordinary story, Duncan Campbell-Smith recounts a series of remarkable tales, including how postal engineers built the first programmable computer for the wartime code-breakers of Bletchley Park and how the Royal Mail managed to successfully continue delivering post to the front lines during two world wars, but also how they failed to avert the Great Train Robbery of 1963. He brings to life many of the dominant personalities in the Royal Mail's history - from Rowland Hill, who imposed a uniform penny post and set the great Victorian expansion on its way, to Tony Benn who championed the modernisation of the service in the 1960s and Tom Jackson who led the postal workers' biggest union through fifteen frequently stormy years up to 1982. This is the first complete history of the Royal Mail up to the present day, based on its comprehensive archives, and including the first detailed account of the past half-century of Britain's postal history, made possible by privileged access to confidential records. Today's debate over the future of the Royal Mail is shown to be just the ;atest chapter in a centuries-old conflict between its roles raising revenue and serving the public. Will its employees remain, like Brian Tuke's postmasters, servants of the Crown? This book could hardly appear at a more timely moment.
International Law, Eighth Edition, by the deeply experienced authorship team of Allen S. Weiner, Duncan B. Hollis, and Chimène I. Keitner, provides students with a foundational understanding of international law for those required to confront legal problems across borders, including treaties, customary international law, jurisdiction, and the UN system.International Law, Eighth Edition, by the deeply experienced authorship team of Allen S. Weiner, Duncan B. Hollis, and Chimène I. Keitner, provides students with a foundational understanding of international law for those required to confront legal problems across borders, including treaties, customary international law, jurisdiction, and the UN system. International Law, Eighth Edition, offers a comprehensive treatment of contemporary international law, including key recent developments in the field, and provides comprehensive coverage of foundational international law questions faced by practitioners, including the nature and sources of international law, the subjects of international law (states and international organizations), and the jurisdictional powers and immunities of states. Authored by international law professors and leading scholars in the field who also have significant practical experience, the book also addresses key doctrinal topics, with reference to important contemporary foreign policy issues, including (i) international human rights, (ii) the law of the sea, (iii) international environmental law, (iv) the use of force and the law of armed conflict, and (v) international criminal law. New to the Eighth Edition: Detailed treatment of the legal issues arising from Russia’s invasion of Ukraine Vignettes highlighting the operation of international law in other contemporary crises like the COVID-19 pandemic and the Rohingya genocide in Myanmar Deeper comparative treatment of international law principles of jurisdiction and immunity Coverage of major recent international cases including the ICJ’s Advisory Opinion on self-determination (the Separation of the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius in 1965) and the Dutch Supreme Court case on the international human right to a healthy environment (Netherlands v. Urgenda) Discussion of international law principles governing election interference and other harmful cyber operations Increased diversity of authors and perspectives Professors and students will benefit from: Comprehensive and rigorous treatment of a full range of the most important international issues, crafted in a manner than lends itself to easy customization and adaptable classroom use Thoroughly updated text that includes discussion of important recent legal developments, including important actions by international organizations and decisions by international courts and tribunals along with expert scholarly analysis Presentation of diverse scholarly perspectives of the history and functioning of international law Accessible prose for students new to the topic, along with nuanced analysis for more in-depth discussions
‘Man, Know Thyself’ is perhaps one of the world’s oldest and most important sayings. This adage was originally coined by Imhotep the world’s first multi-genius and perhaps the greatest creative mortal individual who ever lived. Imhotep lived over five and a half thousand years ago from our present age. It must be said immediately that Imhotep was an African. He is among our first Notable Ancestors. Considering Imhotep’s instruction, it means that as individuals, as a family, collectively as a people, a community, a society or a nation, we should know ourselves; that is, who we are. This includes knowledge of who spawned us, where we have been and where we currently are. Knowing this, as our Notable Ancestor and Grandmaster Teacher (Baba) Dr John Henrik Clarke has said, will tell us who we are and where we must get to. Who we are is dependent on who we were. Who we were should determine who we should be. To emphasise the point, Marcus Garvey, another of our most important Notable Ancestors, frequently reiterated this advice when he reminded us that our first obligation is to know ourselves. He told us that we should make our knowledge about us so complete so as to make it impossible for others to take advantage of us. He told us that in order to know ourselves we must know who our Ancestors were and what they achieved. We would then realize who we are and what we are capable of achieving. This is the meaning of the African adage and Sankofa symbol of ‘looking back in order to go forward’. The importance of knowing our ancestors has been summed up in an old Native American saying that ‘It is the spirit of our ancestors that should guide our path’. There is a sense however that Africans have forgotten our ancestors. Because of this, there is no ‘spirit’ to guide us and so Africans are lost and confused. The roots of African spirituality and culture have been made redundant. Yet as Dr Clarke points out, the unbilicord that tied Africans to our spiritual and cultural roots have only been stretched. It has never been broken. It is for Africans to come to this realization and to rediscover the spirit of our ancestors. This volume lists some of our Notable Ancestors in the hope that knowledge about them and their achievements will aid some of us in understanding where we have been, who we presently are and consequently who we must become. Ultimately, it is hoped that we may use this knowledge to reconnect with the spirit of our Ancestors and let them be our guide. This volume is based on the ‘truth’ about Africans and therefore correcting what is ‘told’ about us. This ‘corrective knowledge’ of us is important because as Imhotep said; ‘Know the truth and the truth shall set you free’. This means being free to interpret our own story and to define who we are. This is crucial because although ‘history’ is a witness to the truths, ‘history’ has been ‘stolen’ by others who have hidden the truths about us. ‘History’ has never been true or kind to Africans and therefore it cannot tell us about us. Yet as Peter Tosh intimated, we cannot come to a consciousness of ourselves, of who we are, if we do not know the truths about us. ‘History’ has been described as the ‘Queen’ of the academic subjects. So important is History that it is said that ‘whoever controls history, controls the future’. In one sense education in general and history in particular is about teaching us who we are. History teaches who we are so as to help us to know where we belong in our community (or society). Africans cannot know where we belong in society however, because our story has been told by ‘others’ (those who ‘own history’). Africans are therefore unaware of who we are because what is ‘known’ about us is not the truth about us. The story of Africans, the oldest people on earth, like the history of the world, is taught by ‘others’. Yet these others came into the world thousands of years after Africans had already established great civ
A history of the Baptists in Missouri embracing an account of the organization and growth of Baptist churches and associations; biographical sketches of ministers of the Gospel and other prominent members of the denomination; the founding of Baptist institutions, periodicals, & c.
The U.S. incarceration machine imprisons more people than in any other country. Music-Making in U.S. Prisons looks at the role music-making can play in achieving goals of accountability and healing that challenge the widespread assumption that prisons and punishment keep societies safe. The book’s synthesis of historical research, contemporary practices, and pedagogies of music-making inside prisons reveals that, prior to the 1970s tough-on-crime era, choirs, instrumental ensembles, and radio shows bridged lives inside and outside prisons. Mass incarceration had a significant negative impact on music programs. Despite this setback, current programs testify to the potency of music education to support personal and social growth for people experiencing incarceration and deepen social awareness of the humanity found behind prison walls. Cohen and Duncan argue that music-making creates opportunities to humanize the complexity of crime, sustain meaningful relationships between incarcerated individuals and their families, and build social awareness of the prison industrial complex. The authors combine scholarship and personal experience to guide music educators, music aficionados, and social activists to create restorative social practices through music-making.
Southern Wonder explores Alabama’s amazing biological diversity, the reasons for the large number of species in the state, and the importance of their preservation. Alabama ranks fifth in the nation in number of species of plants and animals found in the state, surpassed only by the much larger western states of California,Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico. When all the species of birds, trees, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fishes, wildflowers, dragonflies, tiger beetles, and ants are tallied, Alabama harbors more species than 90 percent of the other states in the United States. Alabamais particularly rich in aquatic biodiversity, leading the nation in species of freshwater fishes, turtles, mussels, crayfish, snails, damselflies, and carnivorous plants. The state also hosts an exceptional number of endemic species—those not found beyond its borders—ranking seventh in the nation with 144 species. The state’s 4,533 species, with more being inventoried and discovered each year, are supported by no less than 64 distinct ecological systems—each a unique blend of soil, water, sunlight, heat, and natural disturbance regimes. Habitats include dry forests, moist forests, swamp forests, sunny prairies, grassy barrens, scorching glades, rolling dunes, and bogs filled with pitcher plants and sundews. The state also includes a region of subterranean ecosystems that are more elaborate and species rich than any other place on the continent. Although Alabama is teeming with life, the state’s prominence as a refuge for plants and animals is poorly appreciated. Even among Alabama’s citizens, few outside a small circle of biologists, advocates, and other naturalists understand the special quality of the state’s natural heritage. R. Scot Duncan rectifies this situation in Southern Wonder by providing a well-written, comprehensive overview that the general public, policy makers, and teachers can understand and use. Readers are taken on an exploratory journey of the state’s varied landscapes—from the Tennessee River Valley to the coastal dunes—and are introduced to remarkable species, such as the cave salamander and the beach mouse. By interweaving the disciplines of ecology, evolution, meteorology, and geology into an accessible whole, Duncan explains clearly why Alabama is so biotically rich and champions efforts for its careful preservation. Published in Cooperation with The Nature Conservancy
This is the ‘real life’ story of Britain’s first Black Headmaster of a large secondary school. In 1982 when the news first broke, all of Yorkshire where it happened, indeed, all the United Kingdom and beyond came alive with the media frenzy which attended the historical occasion. This was no fluke since that feat was repeated four years later by the same person, this time in the Midlands at one of Birmingham’s largest comprehensive schools. Once the media frenzy, the seemingly glamour of his achievements, was over, Duncan, the Headmaster in question, had to face the reality of managing and leading the schools which he successively headed. These were not places of friendship but more like hostile gauntlets of racism and sabotage which Duncan must navigate daily whilst equally hostile external eyes watched his every move threateningly and, at times, abusively. Navigating these obstacles successfully soon became a prominent aspect of the job description of this Headteacher. Beyond school life, his journey was no less hazardous. It was littered or peppered throughout with difficulties such as police stops and searches, high speed police chase on the motorways, legal battles, romantic and marital discords leading to police lock-up, beatings by in-laws and hospitalization on his wedding day for daring to marrying a Sikh girl. With this Sikh girl, Duncan would make the headlines again in the same year as becoming Britain’s first Headmaster of a secondary school. In the August of 1982, Duncan’s Sikh wife gave birth to the world’s first black test-tube twins which opened the way for a whole new dimension in Duncan’s world.
Applied expository Bible-study guide to 1 and 2 Thessalonians. We've been saved by Jesus… so what's next? How do we discern good teaching from bad, what does it look like to grow in holiness, and what should our expectations be for the future? Find answers to those questions in the warm, instructive letters Paul wrote to the Thessalonian church. Pastor and professor Ligon Duncan unpacks these two letters verse by verse, teaching us about Christ's future return and showing us what it means to live in the light of that, whether we're new Christians, seasoned ministers of the gospel, or somewhere in between. Along the way we see why Scripture is so important; learn to find reasons for thankfulness; clarify our beliefs about death, judgment, and eternity; and witness Paul's deeply pastoral attitude toward his readers. This accessible, absorbing expository guide is less academic and more applied than a traditional commentary. This makes it a great resource for personal devotion, as well as useful for leading small-group studies or for sermon preparation. There is an accompanying Good Book Guide available to purchase for small-group Bible studies.
The SAGE Dictionary of Statistics provides students and researchers with an accessible and definitive resource to use when studying statistics in the social sciences, reading research reports and undertaking data analysis.
Author Todd Duncan challenges the status quo in search of a better, smarter way to work and live. Rejecting how-to formulas claiming to know the perfect balance between work and life, he argues that such a holy grail does not exist. Instead, he offers readers a solution of purposeful imbalance: the process of purposefully leaning toward work without sacrificing life and purposefully leaning toward life without damaging your career. Like the art of tightrope walking, the key to not falling is taking things one step at a time.You’ve always believed that when you’re at work, you should work hard, and when you’re at home, you should play hard. That’s easy to say, but for a lot of people, it’s hard to do. Life on the Wire clears up the myth about the balanced life and shows readers how to rejoice in their imbalance. Featuring profiles of an entrepreneur, a bartender, and an accountant, among others, you’ll gain insights from people who struck out to find “balance” and had to overcome innumerable challenges. This book, endorsed by bestselling author and radio host Dave Ramsey, provides lessons that will help you live out a fulfilling career and work toward a satisfying life. Work-life balance may be a myth. But that doesn’t have to be a bad thing. Life on the Wire explains that imbalance is natural--the key is to make it purposeful.
The impact of the Oulipo (Ouvroir de Litterature Potentielle), one of the most important groups of experimental writers of the late twentieth century, is still being felt in contemporary literature, criticism, and theory, both in Europe and the US. Founded in 1960 and still active today, this Parisian literary workshop has featured among its members such notable writers as Italo Calvino, Georges Perec, and Raymond Queneau, all sharing in its light-hearted, slightly boozy bonhomie, the convivial antithesis of the fractious, volatile coteries of the early twentieth-century avant-garde. For the last fifty years the Oulipo has undertaken the same simple goal: to investigate the potential of 'constraints' in the production of literature--that is, formal procedures such as anagrams, acrostics, lipograms (texts which exclude a certain letter), and other strange and complex devices. Yet, far from being mere parlour games, these methods have been frequently used as part of a passionate--though sometimes satirical--involvement with the major intellectual currents of the mid-twentieth century. Structuralism, psychoanalysis, Surrealism, analytic philosophy: all come under discussion in the group's meetings, and all find their way in the group's exercises in ways that, while often ironic, are also highly informed. Using meeting minutes, correspondence, and other material from the Oulipo archive at the Bibliotheque nationale de France, The Oulipo and Modern Thought shows how the group have used constrained writing as means of puckish engagement with the debates of their peers, and how, as the broader intellectual landscape altered, so too would the group's conception of what constrained writing can achieve.
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