Formalist criticism of the modern novel has concentrated on its spatial aspects. Patricia Tobin focuses, instead, on the modern novel's temporal structure. She notes that the "genealogical imperative" that dominated the nineteenth-century novel, in which one event gave birth to another, has broken down in the twentieth-century novels she studies. Further, she draws parallels between this collapse of linear narrative and the current challenge to linearity from many other areas of modern thought. Beginning with Mann's Buddenbrooks as a family chronicle novel that fully embodies the classical genealogical structure, the author extends her analysis to include distortions of the linear perspective in Lawrence's The Rainbow, Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom!, Nabokov's Ada, or Ardor, and Márquez's One Hundred Years of Solitude. She finds that in these novels about family relationships, the continuity of time, family, and story has dissolved so that past, present, and future have lost their distinctions; sins against the dynastic family are not only recognized but celebrated; and literary and existential meanings are suspended in unlikely juxtapositions, irrational metamorphoses, and proliferating possibilities. Professor Tobin suggests that the disappearance of the genealogical imperative in the contemporary world's sense of reality may account for much of what appears to be anonymous, peripheral, and excessive in post-modern fiction. Originally published in 1979. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Positive pion photoproduction and compton scattering at GRAAL / V. Kouznetsov for the GRAAL collaboration -- Virtual compton scattering and pion electroproduction in the nucleon resonance region / G. Laveissiere for the Jefferson Lab Hall A collaboration -- Single spin beam asymmetry measurements from single [symbol] electroproduction in the [symbol](1232) resonance region / K. Joo -- The new crystal ball experimental program / W. J. Briscoe -- Observation of [symbol]-mesic nuclei in photoreactions: Results and perspectives / G. A. Sokol, A. I. L'vov, L. N. Pavlyuchenko -- Baryon spectroscopy: Experiments at PNPI / I. Lopatin -- Measurement of the cross section asymmetry in deuteron photodisintegration by linearly polarized photons in the energy range E[symbol] = 0.8 - 1.6 GeV / A. Sirunian ... [et al.] -- Nucleon resonances in lattice QCD / F. X. Lee -- Lattice study of nucleon properties with domain wall fermions / S. Sasaki -- Quark-hadron duality: Resonances and the onset of scaling / W. Melnitchouk -- Generalized GDH sum rule and spin-dependent electroproduction in the resonance region / J. P. Chen for the Jefferson Lab E94-010 collaboration -- Double polarization measurements using the CLAS at JLab / R. C. Minehart for the CLAS collaboration -- The helicity dependent excitation spectrum of the nucleon and the GDH sum rule / A. Thomas for the GDH- and A2-collaborations -- Static magnetic moment of the [symbol](1232) / M. Kotulla for the TAPS and AS collaborations -- Meson photoproduction at GRAAL / A. D'Angelo ... [et al.] -- Maximum likelihood techniques for PWA of 2-pion photoproduction / J. P. Cummings -- [symbol] electroproduction with CLAS / J. A. Mueller -- Kaon electroproduction and [symbol] polarization observables measured with CLAS / B. Raue for the CLAS collaboration -- Recent results on kaon photoproduction at SAPHIR in the reactions [symbols] and [symbols] / K.-H. Glander for the SAPHIR collaboration -- Vector meson decay of baryon resonances / U. Mosel, M. Post -- Higher and missing resonances in [symbol] photoproduction / Y. Oh, A. I. Titov, T.-S. H. Lee -- Photoproduction of baryon resonances, first data from the CB-ELSA experiment / U. Thoma for the CB-ELSA collaboration -- Laser-electron photon project at SPring-8 / T. Nakano -- The baryon resonance program at BES / B.S. Zou for the BES collaboration -- Flavor symmetry studies with new hyperon data from the crystal ball / B. M. K. Nefkens ... [et al.] for the Crystal Ball collaboration -- Higher resonances and the example of two pion electroproduction with the CLAS detector at Jefferson Lab / M. Ripani for the CLAS collaboration -- Nucleon resonances and mesons in nuclei / V. Metag -- Excitation of nucleon resonances / V. D. Burkert -- Summary of the partial wave analysis group of BRAG: Multipole analysis of a benchmark data set for pion photoproduction / R. A. Arndt ... [et al.].
Despite the importance of nutrient-water interactions, they are often ignored in analysis. After discussing the interrelationships between soil nutrients and water and reviewing methods for determining nutrient balances, this report describes an array of available methods for soil nutrient valuation and provides a discussion of four nutrient valuation studies, which together cover a range of scales, perspectives, and geographic contexts. It also includes case studies from Ghana, Mexico, sub-Saharan Africa, and an examination of possible approaches to valuing soil organic matter and its various functions--an often ignored area in literature.
The presented work combines two areas of research: cooperative game theory and lot size optimization. One of the most essential problems in cooperations is to allocate cooperative profits or costs among the partners. The core is a well known method from cooperative game theory that describes efficient and stable profit/cost allocations. A general algorithm based on the idea of constraint generation to compute core elements for cooperative optimization problems is provided. Beside its application for the classical core, an extensive discussion of core variants is presented and how they can be handled with the proposed algorithm. The second part of the thesis contains several cooperative lot sizing problems of different complexity that are analyzed regarding theoretical properties like monotonicity or concavity and solved with the proposed row generation algorithm to compute core elements; i.e. determining stable and fair cost allocations.
This report tries to provide a state-of-the-art overview on irrigated urban agriculture in the West African subregion based on a comprehensive literature review supported by the results of three IWMI FAO projects.
Impacts of increasing population pressure on food demand and land and water resources have sparked interest in nutrient and water balances and flows at a range of scales. In IWMI Research Report 115, it was tried for the first time to quantify rural-urban food flows for selected cities in Ghana and Burkina Faso to analyse their dependency on food supplied from rural vs. peri-urban vs. urban farming. Both, the urban nutrient and water footprints are closely interlinked. Currently, 80-95 percent of the domestic water used and the nutrients consumed go to waste without treatment or resource recovery. The economic dimensions are significant. Options to reduce the environmental burden by closing the rural-urban water and nutrient cycles are discussed.
About the Resource Recovery & Reuse Series Resource Recovery and Reuse (RRR) is a subprogram of the CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) dedicated to applied research on the safe recovery of water, nutrients and energy from domestic and agro-industrial waste streams. This subprogram aims to create impact through different lines of action research, including (i) developing and testing scalable RRR business models, (ii) assessing and mitigating risks from RRR for public health and the environment, (iii) supporting public and private entities with innovative approaches for the safe reuse of wastewater and organic waste, and (iv) improving rural-urban linkages and resource allocations while minimizing the negative urban footprint on the peri-urban environment. This subprogram works closely with the World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), United Nations University (UNU) and many national and international partners across the globe. The RRR series of documents presents summaries and reviews of the subprogram’s research and resulting application guidelines, targeting development experts and others in the research for development continuum.
With increasing change of traditional diets, and the emergence of new supply and marketing chains, urban food consumers in low-income countries are faced with multiple food safety challenges, among which microbial contamination and pesticides are key concerns for fruits and vegetables sold on urban markets in West Africa. Although consumers have a genuine interest in healthy food, and are willing to pay premiums, their interpretation of food quality and risks deviates from scientific health risk assessments and does not translate into recommended risk mitigation behavior. To safeguard public health, alternative measures are needed to support consumers’ risk awareness and decision making. The review looked at common and less-common options to trigger and support behavioral change, including safety labeling (certification), corporate social responsibility models, incentive systems and social marketing of safe practices, to address potential food safety risks from farming in urban and peri-urban areas. Overall, it appears that regulatory measures for risk management, including certifications, will be – for now – less effective in the West African setup due to low educational levels in view of chemical and microbial risk, diverse and often informal food chains, poor safety supporting infrastructure and weak institutional capacities for compliance monitoring.
Resource Recovery and Reuse (RRR) is a subprogram of the CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) dedicated to applied research on the safe recovery of water, nutrients and energy from domestic and agro-industrial waste streams. This subprogram aims to create impact through different lines of action research, including (i) developing and testing scalable RRR business models, (ii) assessing and mitigating risks from RRR for public health and the environment, (iii) supporting public and private entities with innovative approaches for the safe reuse of wastewater and organic waste, and (iv) improving rural-urban linkages and resource allocations while minimizing the negative urban footprint on the peri-urban environment. This subprogram works closely with the World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), United Nations University (UNU) and many national and international partners across the globe. The RRR series of documents presents summaries and reviews of the subprogram’s research and resulting application guidelines, targeting development experts and others in the research for development continuum.
Mapping stakeholders and their potential roles for prevention and reduction of food waste (FW) supports a coherent, coordinated and complementary approach to quantification, causes identification, and scaling up of feasible solutions for significant returns on investment. State and non-state stakeholders were mapped in selected municipalities: Colombo metropolitan area (Colombo, Sri Jayewardenepura-Kotte, Negombo, Kaduwela, and Moratuwa Municipal council areas), Jaffna, Kandy, Batticoloa, Kurunegala, and Galle. Stakeholders were grouped into four clusters: producers, enterprises/food business operators, private/public/civil society organizations, and households. The stakeholders’ maps guided sensitization and capacity-building sessions whose conclusions fed into the preparation of the National Roadmap on Urban Food Waste Prevention and Reduction for Households, Food services, Retailers, and Wholesalers launched on 17 August 2021. According to the analysis, the institutions working on food and/or (bio-)waste can be divided into governmental, semi-governmental, private, and non-governmental. Food safety, quality control, and waste management in Sri Lanka is under the umbrella of the Central Government, Provincial Council (PC), and Local Authorities (LAs) that cover governance (e.g. policies and regulations), production, trade, input supply, services, welfare support, and research. However, duties and responsibilities are, sometimes, crosscutting and interrelated with overlaps that can lead to poor coordination. An array of institutions at central and provincial levels are engaged to strengthen the food production sector in Sri Lanka. The existing inter-institutional coordination mechanism could be improved. The coordination for knowledge generation and dissemination between national and provincial systems should be strengthened. The report was produced for the project "Innovative approaches to reduce, recycle, and reuse FW in urban Sri Lanka", implemented under the oversight of the Ministry of Urban Development and Housing, in collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) from June 2019 to August 2021.
Positive pion photoproduction and compton scattering at GRAAL / V. Kouznetsov for the GRAAL collaboration -- Virtual compton scattering and pion electroproduction in the nucleon resonance region / G. Laveissiere for the Jefferson Lab Hall A collaboration -- Single spin beam asymmetry measurements from single [symbol] electroproduction in the [symbol](1232) resonance region / K. Joo -- The new crystal ball experimental program / W. J. Briscoe -- Observation of [symbol]-mesic nuclei in photoreactions: Results and perspectives / G. A. Sokol, A. I. L'vov, L. N. Pavlyuchenko -- Baryon spectroscopy: Experiments at PNPI / I. Lopatin -- Measurement of the cross section asymmetry in deuteron photodisintegration by linearly polarized photons in the energy range E[symbol] = 0.8 - 1.6 GeV / A. Sirunian ... [et al.] -- Nucleon resonances in lattice QCD / F. X. Lee -- Lattice study of nucleon properties with domain wall fermions / S. Sasaki -- Quark-hadron duality: Resonances and the onset of scaling / W. Melnitchouk -- Generalized GDH sum rule and spin-dependent electroproduction in the resonance region / J. P. Chen for the Jefferson Lab E94-010 collaboration -- Double polarization measurements using the CLAS at JLab / R. C. Minehart for the CLAS collaboration -- The helicity dependent excitation spectrum of the nucleon and the GDH sum rule / A. Thomas for the GDH- and A2-collaborations -- Static magnetic moment of the [symbol](1232) / M. Kotulla for the TAPS and AS collaborations -- Meson photoproduction at GRAAL / A. D'Angelo ... [et al.] -- Maximum likelihood techniques for PWA of 2-pion photoproduction / J. P. Cummings -- [symbol] electroproduction with CLAS / J. A. Mueller -- Kaon electroproduction and [symbol] polarization observables measured with CLAS / B. Raue for the CLAS collaboration -- Recent results on kaon photoproduction at SAPHIR in the reactions [symbols] and [symbols] / K.-H. Glander for the SAPHIR collaboration -- Vector meson decay of baryon resonances / U. Mosel, M. Post -- Higher and missing resonances in [symbol] photoproduction / Y. Oh, A. I. Titov, T.-S. H. Lee -- Photoproduction of baryon resonances, first data from the CB-ELSA experiment / U. Thoma for the CB-ELSA collaboration -- Laser-electron photon project at SPring-8 / T. Nakano -- The baryon resonance program at BES / B.S. Zou for the BES collaboration -- Flavor symmetry studies with new hyperon data from the crystal ball / B. M. K. Nefkens ... [et al.] for the Crystal Ball collaboration -- Higher resonances and the example of two pion electroproduction with the CLAS detector at Jefferson Lab / M. Ripani for the CLAS collaboration -- Nucleon resonances and mesons in nuclei / V. Metag -- Excitation of nucleon resonances / V. D. Burkert -- Summary of the partial wave analysis group of BRAG: Multipole analysis of a benchmark data set for pion photoproduction / R. A. Arndt ... [et al.].
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