This book describes how to perform and optimize the various types of Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCR) for postgraduate students, scholars and researchers in all branches of life science. PCR is a method widely used to rapidly make millions to billions of copies of specific DNA samples, allowing scientists to take a very small sample of DNA and amplify it (or a part of it) to a large enough amount to study in detail. This book also deals with molecular biology reagents preparation and general laboratory procedures, equipment use and safety precautions. The various forms of pathogenic agents drastically affect human society and bring human life notoriously. The correct and exact details of these creatures can be derived through the prompt diagnosis of pathogens as early as possible. The current form of diagnosis is molecular diagnostics, but optimization and standardization are most important for the exact quality of results. This book is written with the need to address the technical problems while optimizing the PCR reactions in mind. The same procedure is fully applicable whenever techniques are being handled in life science laboratories. The textbook encourages the persons who engage in microbiology, molecular biology and life science laboratory to accept and implement basic concepts in various types of PCRs and develop in-house techniques for day-to-day routine activities. This book also deals with the major junk areas while designing primer for various types of PCRs and deals with how to address and troubleshoot the issues that arise while doing various forms of PCRs. This book also deals with post-PCR activities and troubleshooting of gel electrophoresis