In January 1682, William Culliford, a loyal and experienced officer in the King's customs service, began an extraordinary journey under Treasury orders to investigate the integrity and efficiency of the customs establishments of southwest England and south Wales as part of a drive to maximize the Crown's income from customs duties (on which it relied for much of its revenue). Starting at Bristol, Culliford eventually completed this daunting task in Cornwall over two years later in the spring of 1684. His report on each of the ports he inspected (the primary source for this book) revealed widespread smuggling and fraud in the context of a customs service both lacking in efficiency and riddled with corruption. The book documents the varied frauds and wide-ranging abuses uncovered and their facilitation by customs officers only too ready to collude with smugglers, dishonest merchants and seamen and to accept bribes to ignore tax evasion. It describes, too, Culliford's assessment of the administrative practices of each port inspected and his judgment on the levels of probity and efficiency of individual officers, detailing his recommendations for procedural improvements and the treatment of the corrupt and incompetent and, incidentally, of those suspected of political and religious dissent. Additionally, the book presents a body of statistical data on the customs revenue actually collected at individual ports in the 1670s and 1680s and surveys the extent and nature of the maritime trade of the ports Culliford examined. It thus not only throws light on the history of the customs service, but provides a rare insight into the interactions of economic, social and political issues in the later seventeenth century, and makes a valuable contribution to the particular histories of the ports and maritime districts visited by this energetic and tenacious investigator.
1. The book is a complete study guide for the preparation of DU MA in English Entrance 222 2. The book is divided into 2 main sections; Literature and Grammar 3. Every chapter is accompanied with good number of practice questions 4. Model Solved papers [221-219] are provided to understand the question trends The Central University of Education (CIE) invites the applicants for admission in B.Ed (Bachelor of Education) Programme to select the potential candidates for it, Faculty of Education, in Delhi University. Bringing you the revised edition of “Delhi University, MA Master of Arts in English Entrance 222” that has been carefully and consciously designed as per the latest syllabus & Exam Pattern. Serving as a complete study guide, it is divided into chapters of Literature & Grammar. Every chapter is comprehended with good number of questions for thorough practice. Model solved Papers 221 – 219 are given to help you understand the trends of questions deeply. TOC Model Solved papers [221-219], Literature, Grammar.
Archbishop Fisher’s archiepiscopate reflected the central issues of his time and place. It was Fisher who oversaw an immense programme of reforms which effectively recast the institutions of the Church of England for generations to come. It was Fisher who proved to be the essential architect, politician and diplomat behind the creation of a worldwide Anglican Communion. His determination to promote the development of relations with other churches produced a vital contribution to the cause of ecumenism, which culminated in his momentous meeting with Pope John XXIII. Archbishop Fisher was a vigorous participant in the questions which defined national and international life. This book explores Fisher’s influence on major contemporary issues and events, including divorce-law reform and capital punishment at home and the end of Empire and the most dangerous years of the Cold War abroad. This new biography establishes the continuing significance not only of the office of Archbishop in the Church but also of the Church at large in the tumultuous world of the later twentieth century. A final section of original source material includes letters, sermons and other writings bringing vividly to life the range and character of Fisher's public and private role.
The book The Lost Kingdom of Moyon (Bujuur): Iruwng (King) Kuurkam Ngoruw Moyon & The People of Manipur is not to produce a new history of Moyon, Who were earlier known as Bujuur, but rather to tell the true and authentical historical account of the Moyon people through the ages and centuries how their creator led them during their past lives. It also deals concerning kingship, and introduce the kingdom of God.
Access: Addressing the Obesity Crisis By: Dr. Amy Lee, Douglas Ramsthel CFP®, and Jessica Carpenter RDN MBA As a trained physician, seeing the many types of patients in Dr. Amy Lee’s years of practice, she has come to realize that what she does in treating a patient with obesity is a not straightforward. There is not one type of diet regimen for everyone, just as if there is not one pill that fixes all problems. She finds herself working backwards by first, meeting someone with the condition of overweightness, followed by digging into their history on the root cause of the outcome. What needs to be recognized is the many causes, which could be genetic predisposition, environmental forces, complications from mental health, or simply taking a medication with adverse reactions of weight gain. In order for practitioners like Dr. Lee to carry out this job, they need the medical community as well as the ancillary services to recognize the complexity of what it takes to fully make an impact in this patient population. If they do not make changes and move forward, this epidemic of obesity will surely become the next pandemic. Dr. Lee’s hope in publishing Access: Addressing the Obesity Crisis is to share with her colleagues the “other side” of the practice often overlooked or under-recognized. This is an attempt to shed a little light to what they are doing as medical bariatricians and the impact they can make for their patients.
This book is the first volume of Thoroton's History of Nottinghamshire. Dr. Robert Thoroton (4 October 1623 - c. 21 November 1678) was an English antiquary, mainly remembered for his county history, The Antiquities of Nottinghamshire (1677). In 1667 Thoroton, aided by a band of helpers, began to work upon his great county history, The Antiquities of Nottinghamshire. This was published in London in 1677; it was dedicated to the eminent antiquarian William Dugdale and was illustrated by engravings by W. Hollar. It was Dugdale who had urged Thoroton to complete the work of history begun by Thoroton's father-in-law.
This has been offered to the reader as if to say that from the very outset, any study of Revelation that is done or offered without the direct application of Jesus? teaching, specifically His sermon on the Mount of Olives, is incomplete at best. The argument that God conclusively broadened His redemptive purpose beginning with the Jewish people then spread to all races, as promised in Matthew 28:19, rings true in Revelation when understood in the context of what Jesus taught. What's more, the development of temple-based worship into a simpler spiritual-based worship as expected in John 4:21-24 is equally difficult to ignore from what appears to have been fulfilled in the prophecy of Revelation as predicted by Jesus in His Mount of Olives sermon.
Horace Greeley (1811-1872) was an American author and statesman who was the founder and editor of the New York Tribune, among the great newspapers of its time. Born to a poor family in Amherst, New Hampshire, he was apprenticed to a printer in Vermont and went to New York City in 1831 to seek his fortune. In 1941 he founded the Tribune, which became the highest-circulating newspaper in the country through weekly editions sent by mail. Among many other issues, he urged the settlement of the American West, which he saw as a land of opportunity for the young and the unemployed, popularizing the slogan “Go West, young man, and grow up with the country.” He endlessly promoted utopian reforms such as socialism, vegetarianism, agrarianism, feminism, and temperance, while hiring the best talent he could find. In Horace Greeley and the Tribune, which was first published in 1936, Dr. Fahrney represents thorough research not only in the field of the New York Tribune, but in a great mass of printed material on the war. Well outlined and well written, it should prove both useful to the historian—offering the best guide through the mazes of the shuttlecock, loop-the-loop policy followed by the emotional editor of the Tribune—as well as to the student of journalism, who will find in it an explanation of how the most influential journal of the land in 1861 became one of the most distrusted four years later.
The promotion of knowledge was a major preoccupation of the Victorian era and, beginning in 1831 with the establishment of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, a number of national bodies were founded which used annual, week-long meetings held each year in a different town or city as their main tool of knowledge dissemination. Historians have long recognised the power of 'cultural capital' in the competitive climate of the mid-Victorian years, as towns raced to equip themselves with libraries, newspapers, 'Lit. and Phil.' societies and reading rooms, but the staging of the great annual knowledge festivals of the period have not previously been considered in this context. The four national associations studied are the British Association for the Advancement of Science (BAAS), the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science (NAPSS), the Royal Archaeological Institute (RAI) and the Royal Agricultural Society of England (RASE), who held annual meetings in 62 different provincial towns and cities from 1831 to 1884. In this book it is contended that these meetings were as important as royal visits and major civic ceremonies in providing towns with an opportunity to promote their own status and identity. By deploying a wealth of primary source material, much of which has not been previously utilised by urban historians, this book offers a new and genuinely Britain-wide perspective on a period when comparison and competition with neighbouring places was a constant preoccupation of town leaders.
Exploring the idea of luxury in relation to a series of neighbouring but distinct concepts including avarice, licentiousness, indulgence, vitality, abundance and waste, this study combines intellectual and cultural historical methods to trace discontinuities in the conceptual development of extravagance in seventeenth-century England. Scott traces how ‘luxury’ developed encompassing meanings that connect with eighteenth-century debates even as they oppose their so-called demoralizing thrust.
Jacob Goode came first to Sydney in the early 1830's but came north after some bad decisions corroded his business. He became one of the colourful characters of the early settlement of Moreton Bay, Queensland. Becoming an hotelier gave him the opportunity to indulge in his favourite pass times of horse racing and excessive use of alcohol. When things got a bit too hot to handle he sold his hotel, packed his dray, and headed for the mountains to the north-west. Being given approval by the owner of the station on which he stopped on his odyssey (that's a good word eh?) he set up camp and before the end of 1848 the Burnett Inn, or Goodes Inn, as it was also known, was established at Noogoonida. Once settled his his wife, Jane, arrived to help him run the Inn. This area of the South Burnett could have been likened to the roaring days of the American West; characters came and went and put life into the buildings that he established before his death in 1858. In ten years, Jacob had established the area and provided the Inn, Store, Post Office, holding yards, Church, Court Room and Police Quarters and Gaol, which was the genesis of the township of Nanango. Jacob and Jane lived a full life but ten years of excessive drinking and incurred debts caused their eventual death and the demise of his dreams.
Until the nineteenth century, music occupied a marginal place in British universities. Degrees were awarded by Oxford and Cambridge, but students (and often professors) were not resident, and there were few formal lectures. It was not until a benefaction initiated the creation of a professorship of music at the University of Edinburgh, in the early nineteenth century, that the idea of music as a university discipline commanded serious consideration. The debates that ensued considered not only music’s identity as art and science, but also the broader function of the university within education and society. Rosemary Golding traces the responses of some of the key players in musical and academic culture to the problems surrounding the establishment of music as an academic discipline. The focus is on four universities: Edinburgh, Oxford, Cambridge and London. The different institutional contexts, and the approaches taken to music in each university, showcase the various issues surrounding music’s academic identity, as well as wider problems of status and professionalism. In examining the way music challenged conceptions of education and professional identity in the nineteenth century, the book also sheds light on the way the academic study of music continues to challenge modern approaches to music and university education.
This book places childbirth in early-modern England within a wider network of social institutions and relationships. Starting with illegitimacy - the violation of the marital norm - it proceeds through marriage to the wider gender-order and so to the ‘ceremony of childbirth’, the popular ritual through which women collectively controlled this, the pivotal event in their lives. Focussing on the seventeenth century, but ranging from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century, this study offers a new viewpoint on such themes as the patriarchal family, the significance of illegitimacy, and the structuring of gender-relations in the period.
Gerard Kilroy here draws on newly discovered manuscript sources to reveal Campion as a charismatic and affectionate scholar who was finding fulfilment as priest and teacher in Prague when he was summoned to lead the first Jesuit mission to England. The book offers fresh insights into the dramatic search for Campion, the populist nature of the disputations in the Tower, and the legal issues raised by his torture. It was the monarchical republic itself that made him the beloved ‘champion’ of the English Catholic community. Edmund Campion presents the most detailed and comprehensive picture to date of an historical figure whose loyalty and courage, in the trial and on the scaffold, swiftly became legendary across Europe.
In his study of Romantic naturalists and early environmentalists, Hall claims the creation of the National Trust in the United Kingdom and the National Parks in the United States were both shaped by literature. Central to Hall's project are links among Gilbert White, William Wordsworth, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Octavia Hill and John Muir in the context of the vexed relationship between the ecosystem and the machine during the nineteenth century.
Drawing on many avenues of inquiry: archaeological excavations, surveys, laboratory work, highly specialized scientific investigations, and on both historical and ethnohistorical records; Ancient Civilizations, 3/e provides a comprehensive and straightforward account of the world’s first civilizations and a brief summary of the way in which they were discovered.
This book introduces students to Christian mysticism and modern critical responses to it. Christianity has a rich tradition of mystical theology that first emerged in the writings of the early church fathers, and flourished during the Middle Ages. Today Christian mysticism is increasingly recognised as an important Christian heritage relevant to today's spiritual seekers. The book sets out to provide students and other interested readers with access to the main theoretical approaches to Christian mysticism – including those propounded by William James, Steven Katz, Bernard McGinn, Michael Sells, Denys Turner and Caroline Walker-Bynum. It also explores postmodern re-readings of Christian mysticism by authors such as Jacques Derrida, Jean-Luc Marion and Jean-François Lyotard. The book first introduces students to the main themes that underpin Christian mysticism. It then reflects on how modern critics have understood each of them, demonstrating that stark delineation between the different theoretical approaches eventually collapses under the weight of the complex interaction between experience and knowledge that lies at the heart of Christian mysticism. In doing so, the book presents a deliberate challenge to a strictly perennialist reading of Christian mysticism. Anyone even remotely familiar with Christian mysticism will know that renewed interest in Christian mystical writers has created a huge array of scholarship with which students of mysticism need to familiarise themselves. This book outlines the various modern theoretical approaches in a manner easily accessible to a reader with little or no previous knowledge of this area, and offers a philosophical/theological introduction to Christian mystical writers beyond the patristic period important for the Latin Western Tradition.
Drawing on the unique perspective of a standout team of authors, this book explores the science behind resilience and explains how you can develop this vital trait for yourself. Resilient people have learned to bounce back from setbacks and do not hesitate to meet adversity head-on. While others breathe huge sighs of relief when they get to avoid a pressure-filled moment, those strong in resilience live for moments like that and always rise to the occasion. Don’t think you have what it takes to excel in those moments? Do you believe that some naturally exude that type of inner strength, and some--such as yourself--just weren’t built that way? Recent studies have shown that the resilience we see so often in first responders, military, and others is something that anyone can build within themselves. Stronger shares the five factors that combine to unlock deep reserves of personal power: Active optimism--believe that you can change things for the better Decisive action--you can't succeed if you don't take the leap Moral compass--face any challenge with clear guiding principles Relentless tenacity--try, try again Interpersonal support--gain strength from those around you Today’s demanding world calls for a special kind of strength. That strength is within you already!
How did Israel become a people? Is the biblical story accurate? In what sense, if any, is the biblical story true? Are the origins of these ancient people lost in myth or is there hope to discovering who they were and how they lived? These questions divide students and scholars alike. While many believe the "Conquest" is only a fable, this book will present a different view. Using biblical materials and the new archaeological data, this title tells how the ancient Israelites settled in Canaan and became the people of Israel. The stakes for understanding the history of ancient Israel are high. The Old Testament tells us that Yahweh led the Hebrews into the land of Canaan and commanded them to drive its indigenous inhabitants out and settle in their place. This account has often served as justification for the possession of the land by the modern state of Israel. Archaeology is a "weapon" in the debate, used by both Israelis and Palestinians trying to write each other out of the historical narrative. This book provides needed background for the issues and will be of interest to those concerned with the complexity of Arab-Israeli relations.
Confirmation was an important part of the life of the eighteenth-century church which consumed a significant part of the time of bishops, of clergy in their preparation of candidates, and of the candidates themselves in terms of a transition in their Christian life. Yet it has been almost entirely overlooked by scholars. This book aims to fill this void in our understanding, and offers an important contribution and correction of our understanding of the life of the church during the long eighteenth century in both Britain and North America. Tovey addresses two important historical debates: the 'pessimist/optimist' debate on the character and condition of the Church of England in the eighteenth century; and the debate on the 're-enchantment' of the eighteenth century which challenges the secular nature of society in the age of the Enlightenment. Drawing on new developments of the study of visitation returns and episcopal life and on primary research in historical records, Anglican Confirmation goes behind the traditional Tractarian interpretations to uncover the understanding and confidence of the eighteenth-century church in the rite of confirmation. The book will be of interest to eighteenth-century church historians, theologians and liturgists alike.
The first Texas legislature created Navarro County in 1846 and named it in honor of Texas patriot Jose Antonio Navarro. When asked to name the new seat of government, Navarro replied, "Call it Corsicana for the island of Corsica, the birthplace of my father." From its beginnings in 1848, Corsicana's history has been marked by Texas icons such as cotton, cattle, and chili. The town's history took a dramatic turn when drillers looking for water struck oil instead in 1894. By the end of the decade, more than 500 wells dotted the landscape, marking the first commercial oil field in Texas and launching the industry that has become synonymous with the Lone Star State. Oil, business enterprises, and politics are important parts of Corsicana's legacy, but much of its history is found in the everyday events that make up the fabric of a community. Local history is filled with stories of people who overcame obstacles to fulfill the American Dream.
Roy Johnston and Declan Plummer provide a refreshing portrait of Belfast in the nineteenth century. Based on an impressive array of contemporary sources, with deep and detailed attention especially to contemporary newspapers they reveal a picture of sustained vitality and development that justifies Belfast’s prominent place the history of nineteenth-century musical culture in Ireland and more broadly in the British Isles.
The Great Commission stands as the single most important aspect of New Testament mandates, and without its realization, Christianity would have died –believers would have failed to pass Christian truths to others. Obviously, Jesus’ mandate to make disciples continues to impact the world, and through this manuscript, author Dr. Daniel Butler has thoroughly examined the Great Commission texts. Furthermore, by considering the only history book of the church in the New Testament – Acts – the study examines the church’s understanding, implementation, and fulfi llment of Jesus’ commissioning words. Although the Great Commission may appear fl awed with discrepancy at fi rst blush, the student of this material will walk with the author through each of Jesus’ commissioned texts in detail, compare their similarities, contrast any differences, and emerge with a consolidated grasp of Jesus’ mandate to make disciples. By reconciling every potential discrepancy, distilling the commission elements into a summary, and examining the disciples’ response in the book of Acts, the student of this study will experience enlightenment and understanding through grasping Jesus’ most important words and observing the early church’s fulfi llment.
A decade after the Restoration of Charles II, a disturbing group of tragedies, dubbed by modern critics the horror or the blood-and-torture villain tragedies, burst onto the London stage. Ten years later they were gone - absorbed into the partisan frenzy which enveloped the theatre at the height of the Exclusion Crisis. Despite burgeoning interest, until now there has been no full investigation into why these deeply unsettling plays were written when they were and why they so fascinated audiences for the period that they held the stage. The author’s contention is that the genre of horror gains its popularity at times of social dislocation. It reflects deep schisms in society, and English society was profoundly unsettled and in a (delayed) state of shock from years of social upheaval and civil conflict. Through recurrent images of monstrosity, madness, venereal disease, incest and atheism, Hermanson argues that the horror dramatists trope deep-seated and unresolved anxieties - engaging profoundly with contemporary discourse by abreacting the conspiratorial climate of suspicion and fear. Some go as far as to question unequivocally the moral and political value of monarchy, vilifying the office of kingship and pushing ideas of atheism further than in any drama produced since Seneca. This study marks the first comprehensive investigation of these macabre tragedies in which playwrights such as Nathaniel Lee, Thomas Shadwell, Elkanah Settle, Thomas Otway and the Earl of Rochester take their audience on an exploration of human iniquity, thrusting them into an examination of man’s relationship to God, power, justice and evil.
Through an analysis of textual representations of the American landscape, this book looks at how North America appeared in books printed on both sides of the Atlantic between the years 1660 and 1745. A variety of literary genres are examined to discover how authors described the landscape, climate, flora and fauna of America, particularly of the new southern colonies of Carolina and Georgia. Chapters are arranged thematically, each exploring how the relationship between English and American print changed over the 85 years under consideration. Beginning in 1660 with the impact of the Restoration on the colonial relationship, the book moves on to show how the expansion of British settlement in this period coincided with a dramatic increase in the production and consumption of the printed word and the further development of religious and scientific explanations of landscape change and climactic events. This in turn led to multiple interpretations of the American landscape dependent on factors such as whether the writer had actually visited America or not, differing purposes for writing, growing imperial considerations, and conflict with the French, Spanish and Natives. The book concludes by bringing together the three key themes: how representations of landscape varied depending on the genre of literature in which they appeared; that an author's perceived self-definition (as English resident, American visitor or American resident) determined his understanding of the American landscape; and finally that the development of a unique American identity by the mid-eighteenth century can be seen by the way American residents define the landscape and their relationship to it.
In the late nineteenth century, the urban department store arose as a built artifact and as a social institution in the United States. While the physical building type is the foundation of this comprehensive architectural study, Iarocci reaches beyond the analysis of the brick and mortar to reconsider how the ‘spaces of selling’ were culturally-produced spaces, as well as the product of interrelated economic, social, technological and aesthetic forces.
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