Sebastian Münster's Cosmographia was an immensely influential book that attempted to describe the entire world across all of human history and analyse its constituent elements of geography, history, ethnography, zoology and botany. First published in 1544 it went through thirty-five editions and was published in five languages, making it one of the most important books of the Reformation period. Beginning with a biographical study of Sebastian Münster, his life and the range of his scholarly work, this book then moves on to discuss the genre of cosmography. The bulk of the book, however, deals with the Cosmographia itself, offering a close reading of the 1550 Latin edition (the last and definitive edition worked upon by Münster). By analysing the contents of the Cosmographia it attempts to recreate how the world of the sixteenth century appeared to a scholar living in Basel, and understand what he saw and heard. Through this examination of Münster, his publications and scholarly networks, the conflicts and continuities between medieval scholarly traditions and the widening horizons of the sixteenth century are explored and revealed. Of interest to scholars of humanist culture, the Reformation and book history, this ambitious work throws into relief previously overlooked aspects of the intellectual and religious culture of the time.
The belief that God eternally and unalterably decrees the election of one part of humankind and the reprobation of the rest has not aged well, but in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries the doctrine of predestination was publicised and popularised to an extent unparalleled in the history of Christianity. Why was this? How successfully was the doctrine able to mix with other ideas, and to what effect? And did belief in predestination encourage confidence or despair? Practical Predestinarians is a study of the ways in which the doctrine of predestination was understood and communicated by churchmen in late Tudor and early Stuart England. It connects with debates about the 'popularity' of Protestantism during England's 'long reformation', as well as with the question of whether predestination tended toward inclusive or divisive, and conformist or subversive, applications. Intersecting with recent debates about the popular reception of Protestant preaching, this book focusses upon the pastoral message itself - it is therefore an investigation into the public face of English Calvinism.
With a focus on England from the accession of Elizabeth I to the mid-1620s, this book examines the practice of public, academic religious disputation between opposing Catholic, Protestant and nonconformist puritan divines. Introducing a form of discourse hitherto neglected, the volume works to rehabilitate a body of material only previously examined as part of the mass of polemic produced in the wake of the Reformation. In so doing, it argues that public religious disputation can offer insights into contemporary beliefs and conceptions of religious identity, as well as an accessible window into the major theological controversies of the age.
Over the last twenty years research on the Reformation in Germany has shifted both chronologically and thematically toward an interest in the ‘long’ or ‘delayed’ Reformations, and the structure and operation of the Holy Roman Empire. Whilst this focus has resulted in many fascinating new insights, it has also led to the relative neglect of the early Reformation movement. Put together with the explicit purpose of encouraging scholars to reengage with the early ‘storm years’ of the German Reformation, this collection of eleven essays by Tom Scott, explores several issues in the historiography of the early Reformation which have not been adequately addressed. The debate over the nature and function of anticlericalism remains unresolved; the mainsprings of iconoclasm are still imperfectly understood; the ideological role of evangelical doctrines in stimulating and legitimising popular rebellion - above all in the German Peasants’ War - remains contentious, while the once uniform view of Anabaptism has given way to a recognition of the plurality and diversity of religious radicalism. Equally, there are questions which, initially broached, have then been sidelined with undue haste: the failure of Reforming movements in certain German cities, or the perception of what constituted heresy in the eyes of the Reformers themselves, and not least, the part played by women in the spread of evangelical doctrines. Consisting of seven essays previously published in scholarly journals and edited volumes, together with three new chapters and an historical afterword, Scott’s volume serves as a timely reminder of the importance of the early decades of the sixteenth century. By reopening seemingly closed issues and by revisiting neglected topics the volume contributes to a more nuanced understanding of what the Reformation in Germany entailed.
Across early-modern Europe the confessional struggles of the Reformation touched virtually every aspect of civic life; and nowhere was this more apparent than in the universities, the seedbed of political and ecclesiastical society. Focussing on events in Scotland, this book reveals how established universities found themselves at the centre of a struggle by competing forces trying to promote their own political, religious or educational beliefs, and under competition from new institutions. It surveys the transformation of Scotland's medieval and Catholic university system into a greatly-expanded Protestant one in the decades following the Scottish Reformation of 1560. Simultaneously the study assesses the contribution of the continentally-educated religious reformer Andrew Melville to this process in the context of broader European social and cultural developments - including growing lay interest in education (as a result of renaissance humanism), and the involvement of royal and civic government as well as the new Protestant Kirk in university expansion and reform. Through systematic use of largely neglected manuscript sources, the book offers fresh perspectives on both Andrew Melville and the development of Scottish higher education post-1560. As well as providing a detailed picture of events in Scotland, it contributes to our growing understanding of the role played by higher education in shaping society across Europe.
Early modern European society took a serious view of blasphemy, and drew upon a wide range of sanctions - including the death penalty - to punish those who cursed, swore and abused God. Whilst such attitudes may appear draconian today, this study makes clear that in the past, blasphemy was regarded as a very real threat to society. Based on a wealth of primary sources, including court records, theological and ecclesiastical writings and official city statutes, Francisca Loetz explores verbal forms of blasphemy and the variety of contexts within which it could occur. Honour conflicts, theological disputation, social and political provocation, and religious self-questioning all proved fertile ground for accusations of blasphemy, and her contention - that blasphemers often meant more than they said - reveals the underlying complexity of an apparently simple concept. This innovative approach interprets cases of verbal blasphemy as 'speech actions' that reflect broader political, social and religious concerns. Cases in Protestant Zurich are compared with the situation in Catholic Lucerne and related to findings in other parts of Europe (Germany, France, England, Italy) to provide a thorough discussion of different historical approaches to blasphemy - ecclesiastical, legal, intellectual, social, and cultural - in the Early Modern period. In so doing the book offers intriguing suggestions about what a cultural history of religiousness could and should be. By linking a broad overview of the issue of blasphemy, with case studies from Zurich and Lucerne, this book provides a fascinating insight into a crucial, but often misunderstood aspect of early-modern society. The conclusions reached not only offer a much fuller understanding of the situation in Zurich, but also have resonance for all historians of Reformation Europe.
Early modern geographers and compilers of travel narratives drew on a lexicon derived from cartography’s seemingly unchanging coordinates to explain human diversity. Sandra Young’s inquiry into the partisan knowledge practices of early modernity brings to light the emergence of the early modern global south. Young proposes new terms with which to understand the racialized imaginary inscribed in the scholarly texts that presented the peoples of the south as objects of an inquiring gaze from the north.
The Protestant Reformation of 1560 is widely acknowledged as being a watershed moment in Scottish history. However, whilst the antecedents of the reform movement have been widely explored, the actual process of establishing a reformed church in the parishes in the decades following 1560 has been largely ignored. This book helps remedy the situation by examining the foundation of the reformed church and the impact of Protestant discipline in the parishes of Fife. In early modern Scotland, Fife was both a distinct and important region, containing a preponderance of coastal burghs as well as St Andrews, the ecclesiastical capital of medieval Scotland. It also contained many rural and inland parishes, making it an ideal case study for analysing the course of religious reform in diverse communities. Nevertheless, the focus is on the Reformation, rather than on the county, and the book consistently places Fife's experience in the wider Scottish, British and European context. Based on a wide range of under-utilised sources, especially kirk session minutes, the study's focus is on the grass-roots religious life of the parish, rather than the more familiar themes of church politics and theology. It evaluates the success of the reformers in affecting both institutional and ideological change, and provides a detailed account of the workings of the reformed church, and its impact on ordinary people. In so doing it addresses important questions regarding the timescale and geographical patterns of reform, and how such dramatic religious change succeeded and endured without violence, or indeed, widespread opposition.
John Merbecke (c.1505–c.1585) is most famous as the composer of the first musical setting of the English liturgy, The Booke of Common Praier Noted (BCPN), published in 1550. Not only was Merbecke a pioneer in setting English prose to music but also the compiler of the first Concordance of the whole English Bible (1550) and of the first English encyclopaedia of biblical and theological studies, A Booke of Notes and Common Places (1581). By situating Merbecke and his work within a broader intellectual and religio-cultural context of Tudor England, this book challenges the existing studies of Merbecke based on the narrow theological approach to the Reformation. Furthermore, it suggests a re-thinking of the prevailing interpretative framework of Reformation musical history. On the basis of the new contextual study of Merbecke, this book seeks to re-interpret his work, particularly BCPN, in the light of humanist rhetoric. It sees Merbecke as embodying the ideal of the 'Christian-musical orator', demonstrating that BCPN is an Anglican epitome of the Erasmian synthesis of eloquence, theology and music. The book thus depicts Merbecke as a humanist reformer, through re-evaluation of his contributions to the developments of vernacular music and literature in early modern England. As such it will be of interest, not only to church musicians, but also to historians of the Reformation and students of wider Tudor culture.
King James is well known as the most prolific writer of all the Stuart monarchs, publishing works on numerous topics and issues. These works were widely read, not only in Scotland and England but also on the Continent, where they appeared in several translations. In this book, Dr Stilma looks both at the domestic and international context to James's writings, using as a case study a set of Dutch translations which includes his religious meditations, his epic poem The Battle of Lepanto, his treatise on witchcraft Daemonologie and his manual on kingship Basilikon Doron. The book provides an examination of James's writings within their original Scottish context, particularly their political implications and their role in his management of his religio-political reputation both at home and abroad. The second half of each chapter is concerned with contemporary interpretations of these works by James's readers. The Dutch translations are presented as a case study of an ultra-protestant and anti-Spanish reading from which James emerges as a potential leader of protestant Europe; a reputation he initially courted, then distanced himself from after his accession to the English throne in 1603. In so doing this book greatly adds to our appreciation of James as an author, providing an exploration of his works as politically expedient statements, which were sometimes ambiguous enough to allow diverging - and occasionally unwelcome - interpretations. It is one of the few studies of James to offer a sustained critical reading of these texts, together with an exploration of the national and international context in which they were published and read. As such this book contributes to the understanding not only of James's works as political tools, but also of the preoccupations of publishers and translators, and the interpretative spaces in the works they were making available to an international audience.
During the Reformation, the Book of Psalms became one of the most well-known books of the Bible. This was particularly true in Britain, where people of all ages, social classes and educational abilities memorized and sang poetic versifications of the psalms. Those written by Thomas Sternhold and John Hopkins became the most popular, and the simple tunes developed and used by English and Scottish churches to accompany these texts were carried by soldiers, sailors and colonists throughout the English-speaking world. Among these tunes were a number that are still used today, including ‘Old Hundredth’, ‘Martyrs’, and ‘French’. This book is the first to consider both English and Scottish metrical psalmody, comparing the two traditions in print and practice. It combines theological literary and musical analysis to reveal new and ground-breaking connections between the psalm texts and their tunes, which it traces in the English and Scottish psalters printed through 1640. Using this new analysis in combination with a more thorough evaluation of extant church records, Duguid contends that Britain developed and maintained two distinct psalm cultures, one in England and the other in Scotland.
Church Music and Protestantism in Post-Reformation England' breaks new ground in the religious history of Elizabethan England, through a closely focused study of the relationship between the practice of religious music and the complex process of Protestant identity formation. Hearing was of vital importance in the early modern period, and music was one of the most prominent, powerful and emotive elements of religious worship. But in large part, traditional historical narratives of the English Reformation have been distinctly tone deaf. Recent scholarship has begun to take increasing notice of some elements of Reformed musical practice, such as the congregational singing of psalms in meter. This book marks a significant advance in that area, combining an understanding of theory as expressed in contemporary religious and musical discourse, with a detailed study of the practice of church music in key sites of religious worship. Divided into three sections - 'Discourses', 'Sites', and 'Identities' - the book begins with an exploration of the classical and religious discourses which underpinned sixteenth-century understandings of music, and its use in religious worship. It then moves on to an investigation of the actual practice of church music in parish and cathedral churches, before shifting its attention to the people of Elizabethan England, and the ways in which music both served and shaped the difficult process of Protestantisation. Through an exploration of these issues, and by reintegrating music back into the Elizabethan church, we gain an expanded and enriched understanding of the complex evolution of religious identities, and of what it actually meant to be Protestant in post-Reformation England.
Based on travel writings, religious history and popular literature, Jews in the Early Modern English Imagination explores the encounter between English travellers and the Jews. While literary and religious traditions created an image of Jews as untrustworthy, even sinister, travellers came to know them in their many and diverse communities with rich traditions and intriguing life-styles. The Jew of the imagination encountered the Jew of town and village, in southern Europe, North Africa and the Levant. Coming from an England riven by religious disputes and often by political unrest, travellers brought their own questions about identity, national character, religious belief and the quality of human relations to their encounter with 'the scattered nation'.
It is a commonly held belief that medieval Catholics were focussed on the 'bells and whistles' of religious practices, the smoke, images, sights and sounds that dazzled pre-modern churchgoers. Protestantism, in contrast, has been cast as Catholicism's austere, intellective and less sensual rival sibling. With iis white-washed walls, lack of incense (and often music) Protestantism worship emphasised preaching and scripture, making the new religion a drab and disengaged sensual experience. In order to challenge such entrenched assumptions, this book examines Tudor views on the senses to create a new lens through which to explore the English Reformation. Divided into two sections, the book begins with an examination of pre-Reformation beliefs and practices, establishing intellectual views on the senses in fifteenth-century England, and situating them within their contemporary philosophical and cultural tensions. Having established the parameters for the role of sense before the Reformation, the second half of the book mirrors these concerns in the post-1520 world, looking at how, and to what degree, the relationship between religious practices and sensation changed as a result of the Reformation. By taking this long-term, binary approach, the study is able to tackle fundamental questions regarding the role of the senses in late-medieval and early modern English Christianity. By looking at what English men and women thought about sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch, the stereotype that Protestantism was not sensual, and that Catholicism was overly sensualised is wholly undermined. Through this examination of how worship was transformed in its textual and liturgical forms, the book illustrates how English religion sought to reflect changing ideas surrounding the senses and their place in religious life. Worship had to be 'sensible', and following how reformers and their opponents built liturgy around experience of the sacred through the physical allows us to tease out the tensions and pressures which shaped religious reform.
Drawing upon a range of sources, this book explores the part played by music, especially group-singing, in the unfolding of the Protestant Reformation in Strasbourg. It considers both ecclesiastical and ‘popular’ songs in the city, examining how both genres fitted into people’s lives during this time of strife, and how the provision and dissemination of music as a whole affected, and in turn was affected by, the new ecclesiastical arrangement.
Through the centuries hard questions have been deliberated concerning God’s will. Understanding God’s will and how it theologically functions in relationship to man’s salvation can be a daunting task. Answering some of those questions from the Scriptures brings clarity and helps us understand the glorious God that we serve. Have you ever wondered: Does God love only the elect? If God does not desire the wicked to perish, is God’s will frustrated when the sinner goes his own way? Why is God seen as “repenting,” or “sad,” and even “changing His mind”?! What is “common grace,” and is it really found in the Bible? Does God desire things He does not decree, and does He decree things He does not desire? How many wills does God have? This book gives the Christian the proper hermeneutical tools to define “God’s will” and how that will works in and through redemptive history. It also aids the reader to distinguish between the two systems of Arminianism and Calvinism, and demonstrates why Arminianism and Hyper-Calvinism are biblically inconsistent.
This book captures the essence of the Church as a continuation of Godhead in pursuance of the redemption of the humankind. The book discusses the Church’s inception historically, Biblically, Theologically, and Practically. It sets the narrative of the Church’s progression from inception to eternity.
It is often assumed that the verbal and visual languages of indigenous people had little influence upon the classification of scientific, legal, and artistic objects in the metropolises and museums of nineteenth-century colonial powers. However, as this book demonstrates, it is a fallacy that colonized locals merely collected material for interested colonizers. Through an analysis of particular language notations and drawings hidden in colonial documents and a reexamination of cross-cultural communication, the book writes biographies for five objects that exemplify the tensions of nineteenth century history.
In 1976, Rev. Dr. Stewart read the whole Bible for the first time and became fascinated with God's relationship with creation. After an early life in construction, Dr. Stewart felt God's calling and returned to university. At university, he majored in ancient history and studied the Hebrew language. His exegetical work is taken directly from biblical Hebrew and Greek. This ability has helped him understand how ancient male bias has been promoted by the church in all ages. As a student of the Bible, he has come to see how the women's voice has often been suppressed. He has also come to appreciate that when it is not suppressed, a certain beauty shines forth. Knowledge of scripture, from the Hebrew perspective, allowed him to discover how the male voice can make a positive statement at the beginning of a story and then go on to contradict the statement by describing the negative actions that followed. Dr. Stewart lives in Milverton, Ontario, with his wife, Marjorie, of forty-five years; they enjoy visiting their two children and five grandchildren. Retirement has given him the opportunity to research, write, and play golf. --Ordained as an Elder in Chedoke Presbyterian Church in 1981 --Attended McMaster University, Hamilton, in1996 --Diploma in Theology, Knox College, Toronto --Master of Divinity degree, University of Toronto --Doctor of Ministry, Ashland Theological Seminary, Ashland, Ohio --Certificate course in conflict management, Conrad Grebel, Waterloo --Ordained to Ministry of Word and Sacraments in 2001 --Pastor of churches in Bathurst, New Brunswick, and Milverton, Ontario --Retired in 2012 --Past Master of Corinthian Lodge #513, Hamilton, Ontario --Past Most Wise Sovereign of Hamilton Chapter of Rose Croix --Honorary Member of Supreme Council AASR 33 --Jim was a master scuba instructor. --He loves diving and fi shing in the Caribbean.
In 2007, a three-story-high tsunami slammed the small island of Simbo in the western Solomon Islands. Drawing on over ten years of research, Matthew Lauer provides a vivid and intimate account of this calamitous event and the tumultuous recovery process. His stimulating analysis surveys the unpredictable entanglements of the powerful waves with colonization, capitalism, human-animal communication, spirit beings, ancestral territory, and technoscientific expertise that shaped the disaster’s outcomes. Although the Simbo people had never experienced another tsunami in their lifetimes, nearly everyone fled to safety before the destructive waves hit. To understand their astonishing response, Lauer argues that we need to rethink popular and scholarly portrayals of Indigenous knowledge to avert epistemic imperialism and improve disaster preparedness strategies. In an increasingly disaster-prone era of ecological crises, this provocative book brings new possibilities into view for understanding the causes and consequences of calamity, the unintended effects of humanitarian recovery and mitigation efforts, and the nature of local knowledge.
The Great Commission stands as the single most important aspect of New Testament mandates, and without its realization, Christianity would have died –believers would have failed to pass Christian truths to others. Obviously, Jesus’ mandate to make disciples continues to impact the world, and through this manuscript, author Dr. Daniel Butler has thoroughly examined the Great Commission texts. Furthermore, by considering the only history book of the church in the New Testament – Acts – the study examines the church’s understanding, implementation, and fulfi llment of Jesus’ commissioning words. Although the Great Commission may appear fl awed with discrepancy at fi rst blush, the student of this material will walk with the author through each of Jesus’ commissioned texts in detail, compare their similarities, contrast any differences, and emerge with a consolidated grasp of Jesus’ mandate to make disciples. By reconciling every potential discrepancy, distilling the commission elements into a summary, and examining the disciples’ response in the book of Acts, the student of this study will experience enlightenment and understanding through grasping Jesus’ most important words and observing the early church’s fulfi llment.
In 2009, Maxine Lawrence was given a challenge by her professor to research the subject of marriagenot because Maxine had been successfully married, but because she had experienced another failed marriage. In her quest, she discovered that the parent/child relationship was not the highest relationship, but instead it was marriage. Dr. Lawrence has compiled information to better understand marriage facts, before, during, and beyond, from Gods perspective. This book gives a biblical explanation of the origin and purpose of marriage, roles of both husband and wife, and characteristics required for permanent marriage, and how to identify unhealthy individuals such as pedophiles and other abusers. When marriage breaks down and adultery, fornication, or desertion occur and are unrepented of, God has allowed a painful mercy called divorce, which allows for remarriage, but only to Christian believers. With remarriage comes courting/dating and blended families. This book will give you insights and practical tools that can guide you in making Christ-honoring choices. In this book you will discover... Gods original purpose for marriage Roles of the husband and wife The importance of fathers in childrens asset development Serious road blocks; Adultery, fornication, desertion What it means to fight for your marriage What about Cohabitation? Domestic Violence Substance abuse Dealing with guilt and shame Surviving Divorce Biblical Courtship- what is it? Dating and Children How do pedophiles operate? Are you ready of remarriage? The best way to PREPARE for marriage How to blend families
YAHWEH (The LORD God) and His Son YAHSHUAH (Jesus Christ) made statements with regard to Eschatology that have been “Spiritualized” for over a Millennium, which has led to the belief in Universalism, the belief that YAHSHUAH died for EVERYONE. Well, after one studies the original languages of the Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek, the message of the Kingdom of God was preached to and accepted by a certain House in the Bible. The other House rejected this message, and YAHSHUAH punished that House by taking the Kingdom away from them and giving It to another nation bringing forth fruit. There are only the House of Israel, the House of Judah, and the House of David, mentioned in the Bible. All three existed then, as they do today. However, most of today’s Babylonian Priesthood/Churchianity refuses to accept the secular historical position with regard to the House of Israel, and who they are today. The people groups, which YAHWEH and YAHSHUAH addressed, still exist today. However, these people are all mixed-up, and known by different names, but they DO exist. This book goes back to the origin of these people groups in the Bible, and brings them forward to the present using their old names, in order to understand Eschatology. This brings us to the major question of, “Is the Bible only about Israel?” And, if so, how does it affect our Eschatology today? This book answers these hard questions...
The book draws attention to the topic of hospitality and tourism Human Relations Management in Africa. It urges hospitality and tourism organisations in Africa to identify the urgent need for the major challenges and develop an in-depth human relations management practices which will balance global competitiveness, multi-national flexibility and the building of a worldwide interrelationship. Achieving this balance will require organisations to develop the cultural sensitivity and ability to manage and leverage learning for building future capabilities. In addressing the issues of developing effective human relations in hospitality and tourism management, the following areas should be considered: (1) Identifying the nature and the implications of national cultural differences within the body of human resources. (2) Establishing a basis for building understanding and awareness of cultural differences and how they may be managed. (3) Formulating a framework for developing a high performance strategy which takes account of cultural differences and leverages the diversity present in their organizations. The book has emphatically drawn the attention of management to their African indigenousness. This has expressly stated that the topic of African Management Human Behavioural orientation is a cardinal prerequisite for a viable human relations management strategy.
If you have ever read about the seven churches of Asia Minor and wondered what they are all about, this book will help you get a deeper insight into the character of these churches. You will get a look at their geographical locations, their historical backgrounds, and their experiences that shaped the way Christ addressed them. Christ introduced himself to these seven churches in seven different ways because their works were different, and he wrote them according to their works. The church of Ephesus--the first of the seven--left its first love, and the last of the seven, the Church of Laodicea, focused on material wealth without recognizing that Christ was on the outside knocking, seeking the opportunity to come in. The Seven Churches of Asia Minor will take you through each church one by one; it will help you to identify actions for which they were admonished or encouraged. Five out of these seven churches were admonished, warned, and given specific steps to take for their restoration; they could take these steps or face the consequences meted by Christ himself. The Seven Churches of Asia Minor will be an eye-opener for churches and individuals alike.
The world is full of religions, espousing mans ideas of how to get to their particular gods or goddesses and to gain their favor. These people seem to be in a continuous state of failure. Successful Christianity explores the Christian faith, in which there are those also who struggle to be on top of things in life. This book gives multiple avenues of overcoming what is seen by some as a persons fate in life. From failures in finances to poor health, I point out that there has to be a change in our thinking if we are to ever be successful in our walk with the Lord. Proposing that God wants us to be successful in life, Scripture is called upon to point out the various avenues in which we please God by our faith and actions that back up that faith which will bring success. Our focus on a growing relationship with our Lord and His Word I am convinced is the avenue of success for the Christian. That is my experience and I pray you find it true also.
This textbook is at the forefront of its field and is an invaluable resource for undergraduates studying politics and environment studies. The most comprehensive book on the subject, this new edition has been expanded and revised.
Utilizing global barometer data, Tiffiany Howard examines the underpinnings of individual support for political violence and argues that an insidious pattern of deprivation within failed states drives ordinary citizens to engage in and support extreme acts of political violence. A rigorous examination of four regions plagued by a combination of failed states and political violence-Sub Saharan Africa, The Middle East and North Africa, Southeast and South Asia, and Latin America-this text draws parallels to arrive at a single conclusion; that failed states are a natural breeding ground for terrorism and political violence.
In one of his sermons, the medieval preacher Bernardino of Siena listed seven ‘fathers’ to whom one owed obedience: God, one’s natural father, godfather, confessor, benefactor, a government official, and any elderly man. This book seeks to answer the question of why medieval Europeans saw the need for so many ‘fathers.’ Why was fatherhood so appealing as a metaphor? Situated at the intersection of social and cultural history, the study draws upon a variety of late-medieval and early-modern sources including witness depositions, personal letters and pedagogical treatises from the city of Basel, Switzerland. It focuses on how people from different walks of life invoked ideas about fatherhood in the pursuit of various goals - not only the ideological agendas of scholarly elites, but also the more pragmatic problems of closing a business deal, claiming an inheritance, or choosing sides in a fistfight - before turning to what these ideas reveal about fatherhood ‘on the ground.’ The book argues that it was precisely fatherhood’s basis in lived experience that gave it a familiar ‘shape’ in the several roles that fathers played, including provision, affection, disciplinary authority, and education. The most potent rhetorical aspect of fatherhood, however, was not as a static image or shape, but rather the possibility of invoking connections between one role and another. The most potent connection between roles was the idea that fathers were 'affectionate authorities,' combining power over subordinates with desire for their well-being. Tracing the connections and contradictions of these identities, this study provides a nuanced view of concepts of fatherhood on the eve of the Reformation.
The post-Cold War world has seen the emergence of new kinds of security threats. Whilst traditionally security threats were perceived of in terms of military threats against a state, non-traditional security threats are those that pose a threat to various internal competencies of the state and its identity both home and abroad. The European Union and the United States have identified Latin American cocaine trafficking as a security threat, but their policy responses to it have differed. This book examines the ways in which the EU and the US have conceptualized this threat. Furthermore, it explores the impact of cocaine trafficking on four state functions - economic, political, public order and diplomatic – in order to explain why it has become 'securitized'. Appealing to a variety of university courses, this book is especially relevant to security studies and European and US policy analysis, as well as criminology and sociology.
The Apostle Paul, one of the greatest trophies of divine grace in the world, the greatest pioneer missionary in the church and the most influential Christian who ever lived.
Women keep secrets – from friends and loved ones, even from themselves. So what are the secrets? And why would anyone want to live an airbrushed version of herself instead of a rich, unencumbered, authentic life? In The Secrets Women Keep, popular radio host and clinical psychologist Dr. Jill Hubbard shows you how to acknowledge your secrets, release them, and find an emotionally healthy way to live. A life without secrets is a life of freedom, where you can be your real self, where you are the same on the outside as you are on the inside. The Secrets Women Keep reveals the top secrets from an anonymous "Life Satisfaction Survey" of two thousand women. Most women can relate to at least some of the secrets uncovered in this survey, including: I'm unhappy in my marriage I feel invisible or inadequate My past haunts me I worry about finances I struggle with addiction With wisdom, gentleness, and biblical insight, Dr. Jill reveals how to shed those secrets so you can move safely into a life free of the burden of having to hide.
Numerous states have passed gender integration legislation permanently admitting women into their military forces. As a result, these states have dramatically increased women’s numbers, and improved gender equality by removing a number of restrictions. Why do states abandon their policies of exclusion and promote gender integration in a way that women’s military participation becomes an integral part of military force? By examining twenty-four NATO member states, this book argues that civilian policymakers and military leadership no longer surrender to parochial gendered division of the roles, but rather support integration to meet the recruitment numbers due to military modernization, professionalization and technological advancements.
Passionate about her own family, and dedicated to the well-being of her clients, Dr., Maryann Rosenthal has written this book to help parents navigate those difficult years when children are simultaneously pulling away and in need of parental guidance, structure, and love.
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