Dr Guy H Walker's Books

Human Factors in Automotive Engineering and Technology

By: Dr Guy H Walker,Professor Neville A Stanton,Professor Paul M Salmon

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Human Factors in Automotive Engineering and Technology

By: Dr Guy H Walker,Professor Neville A Stanton,Professor Paul M Salmon

Offering a unique perspective on vehicle design and on new developments in vehicle technology, this book seeks to bridge the gap between engineers, who design and build cars, and human factors, as a body of knowledge with considerable value in this domain. The work that forms the basis of the book represents more than 40 years of experience by the authors. Human Factors in Automotive Engineering and Technology imparts the authors' scientific background in human factors by way of actionable design guidance, combined with a set of case studies highly relevant to current technological challenges in vehicle design. The book presents a novel and accessible insight into a body of knowledge that will enable students, professionals and engineers to add significant value to their work.

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Page Count

327

Publisher

Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.

Published Date

ISBN 10

1472406281

ISBN 13

9781472406286

Cognitive Work Analysis: Coping with Complexity

By: Dr Daniel P Jenkins,Dr Guy H Walker,Professor Neville A Stanton,Professor Paul M Salmon

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Cognitive Work Analysis: Coping with Complexity

By: Dr Daniel P Jenkins,Dr Guy H Walker,Professor Neville A Stanton,Professor Paul M Salmon

Complex sociotechnical systems' are systems made up of numerous interacting parts, both human and non-human, operating in dynamic, ambiguous and safety critical domains. Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) is a structured framework specifically developed for considering the development and analysis of these complex socio-technical systems. Unlike many human factors approaches, CWA does not focus on how human-system interaction should proceed (normative modelling) or how human-system interaction currently works (descriptive modelling). Instead, through a focus on constraints, it develops a model of how work can be conducted within a given work domain, without explicitly identifying specific sequences of actions (formative modelling). The framework leads the analyst to consider the environment the task takes place within, and the effect of the imposed constraints on the way work can be conducted. It provides guidance through the process of answering the questions of why the system exists, what activities can be conducted within the domain as well as how these activities can be achieved, and who can perform them. The first part of the book contains a comprehensive description of CWA, introducing it to the uninitiated. It then presents a number of applications in complex military domains to explore and develop the benefits of CWA. Unlike much of the previous literature, particular attention is placed on exploring the CWA framework in its entirety. This holistic approach focuses on the system environment, the activity that takes place within it, the strategies used to conduct this activity, the way in which the constituent parts of the system (both human and non-human) interact and the behaviour required. Each stage of this analysis identifies the constraints governing the system; it is contended that through this holistic understanding of constraints, recommendations can be made for the design of system interaction; increasing the ability of users to cope with unanticipated, unexpected situations. This book discusses the applicability of the approach in system analysis, development and evaluation. It provides process to what was previously a loosely defined framework.

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Page Count

312

Publisher

Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.

Published Date

ISBN 10

1409485862

ISBN 13

9781409485865

Command and Control: The Sociotechnical Perspective

By: Dr Daniel P Jenkins,Dr Guy H Walker,Professor Neville A Stanton,Professor Paul M Salmon

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Command and Control: The Sociotechnical Perspective

By: Dr Daniel P Jenkins,Dr Guy H Walker,Professor Neville A Stanton,Professor Paul M Salmon

Military command and control is not merely evolving, it is co-evolving. Technology is creating new opportunities for different types of command and control, and new types of command and control are creating new aspirations for technology. The question is how to manage this process, how to achieve a jointly optimised blend of socio and technical and create the kind of agility and self-synchronisation that modern forms of command and control promise. The answer put forward in this book is to re-visit sociotechnical systems theory. In doing so, the problems of 21st century command and control can be approached from an alternative, multi-disciplinary and above all human-centred perspective. Human factors (HF) is also co-evolving. The traditional conception of the field is to serve as a conduit for knowledge between engineering and psychology yet 21st century command and control presents an altogether different challenge. Viewing military command and control through the lens of sociotechnical theory forces us to confront difficult questions about the non-linear nature of people and technology: technology is changing, from platform centric to network centric; the interaction with that technology is changing, from prescribed to exploratory; and complexity is increasing, from behaviour that is linear to that which is emergent. The various chapters look at this transition and draw out ways in which sociotechnical systems theory can help to understand it. The sociotechnical perspective reveals itself as part of a conceptual toolkit through which military command and control can be transitioned, from notions of bureaucratic, hierarchical ways of operating to the devolved, agile, self-synchronising behaviour promised by modern forms of command and control like Network Enabled Capability (NEC). Sociotechnical system theory brings with it a sixty year legacy of practical application and this real-world grounding in business process re-engineering underlies the entire book. An attempt has been made to bring a set of sometimes abstract (but no less useful) principles down to the level of easy examples, design principles, evaluation criteria and actionable models. All of these are based on an extensive review of the current state of the art, new sociotechnical/NEC studies conducted by the authors, and insights derived from field studies of real-life command and control. Time and again, what emerges is a realisation that the most agile, self-synchronising component of all in command and control settings is the human.

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Page Count

349

Publisher

Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.

Published Date

ISBN 10

1409486176

ISBN 13

9781409486176

Distributed Situation Awareness

Theory, Measurement and Application to Teamwork

By: Dr Daniel P Jenkins,Dr Guy H Walker,Professor Neville A Stanton,Professor Paul M Salmon

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Distributed Situation Awareness

Theory, Measurement and Application to Teamwork

By: Dr Daniel P Jenkins,Dr Guy H Walker,Professor Neville A Stanton,Professor Paul M Salmon

Having an accurate understanding of what is going on is a key commodity for teams working within military systems. 'Situation awareness' (SA) is the term that is used within human factors circles to describe the level of awareness that operators have of the situation that they are engaged in; it focuses on how operators develop and maintain a sufficient understanding of 'what is going on' in order to achieve success in task performance. Over the past two decades, the construct has become a fundamental theme within the areas of system design and evaluation and has received considerable attention from the human factors research community. Despite this, there is still considerable debate over how SA operates in complex collaborative systems and how SA achievement and maintenance is best supported through system, procedure and interface design. This book focuses on the recently developed concept of distributed situation awareness, which takes a systems perspective on the concept and moves the focus on situation awareness out of the heads of individual operators and on to the overall joint cognitive system consisting of human and technological agents. Situation awareness is viewed as an emergent property of collaborative systems, something that resides in the interaction between elements of the system and not in the heads of individual operators working in that system. The first part of the book presents a comprehensive review and critique of existing SA theory and measurement approaches, following which a novel model for complex collaborative systems, the distributed SA model, and a new modelling procedure, the propositional network approach, are outlined and demonstrated. The next part focuses on real-world applications of the model and modelling procedure, and presents four case studies undertaken in the land warfare, multinational warfare and energy distribution domains. Each case study is described in terms of the domain in question, the methodology employed, and the findings derived in relation to situation awareness theory. The third and final part of the book then concentrates on theoretical development, and uses the academic literature and the findings from the case study applications to validate and extend the distributed SA model described at the beginning of the book. In closing, the utility of the distributed SA model and modeling procedure are outlined and a series of initial guidelines for supporting distributed SA through system design are articulated.

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Page Count

434

Publisher

Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.

Published Date

ISBN 10

1409486125

ISBN 13

9781409486121

Systems Thinking in Practice

Applications of the Event Analysis of Systemic Teamwork Method

By: Neville A. Dr. Stanton,Paul Dr. Salmon,Guy H. Dr. Walker

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Systems Thinking in Practice

Applications of the Event Analysis of Systemic Teamwork Method

By: Neville A. Dr. Stanton,Paul Dr. Salmon,Guy H. Dr. Walker

This book presents the latest developments of Systems Thinking in Practice to the analysis and design of complex sociotechnical systems. The Event Analysis of Systemic Teamwork (EAST) method is applied to micro, meso and macro systems. Written by experts in the field, this text covers a diverse range of domains, including: automation, aviation, energy grid distribution, military command and control, road and rail transportation, sports, and urban planning. Extensions to the EAST method are presented along with future directions for the approach. Illustrates a contemporary review of the status of Distributed Cognition (DCOG) Presents examples of the application of Event Analysis of Systemic Teamwork (EAST) method Presents examples of the application of Event Analysis of Systemic Teamwork (EAST) method Discusses the metrics for the examination of social, task, and information networks Provides comparison of alternative networks with implications for design of DCOG in systems

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Page Count

255

Publisher

CRC Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

135159883X

ISBN 13

9781351598835

The Human Factors of Fratricide

By: Dr Guy H Walker,Dr Laura A Rafferty,Professor Neville A Stanton

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The Human Factors of Fratricide

By: Dr Guy H Walker,Dr Laura A Rafferty,Professor Neville A Stanton

Fratricide has been defined as firing on your own forces, when mistaking them for enemy forces, which results in injury or death. Rates of fratricide incidence have been steadily increasing and the complexity of the contemporary operating environment may lead to a continuation of this trend. Although the majority of research into fratricide has focused on the development of technological decision aids, recent explorations highlight the need to emphasise the social aspects within a socio-technical framework. This book presents and validates, via the use of case studies, a model of teamwork and decision-making factors that are associated with incidents of fratricide. In summary, it offers a review and evaluation of contemporary theoretical perspectives on teamwork and fratricide, as well as a range of accident analysis approaches. A novel theory of fratricide is then presented followed by a new methodology for assessing fratricide. Naturalistic case studies of teams are undertaken in the military domain. These studies illustrate the approach and offer early validation evidence. In closing, the book presents a series of principles designed to reduce the likelihood of fratricide in the future.

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Page Count

377

Publisher

Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.

Published Date

ISBN 10

1409456358

ISBN 13

9781409456353

Human Factors Methods and Accident Analysis

Practical Guidance and Case Study Applications

By: Dr Guy H Walker,Dr Daniel P Jenkins,Dr Laura A Rafferty,Dr Michael G Lenné,Professor Neville A Stanton,Professor Paul M Salmon

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Human Factors Methods and Accident Analysis

Practical Guidance and Case Study Applications

By: Dr Guy H Walker,Dr Daniel P Jenkins,Dr Laura A Rafferty,Dr Michael G Lenné,Professor Neville A Stanton,Professor Paul M Salmon

Human Factors Methods and Accident Analysis is the first book to offer a practical guide for investigators, practitioners and researchers wishing to apply accident analysis methods. It is also unique in presenting a series of novel applications of accident analysis methods, including HF methods not previously used for these purposes (e.g. EAST, critical path analysis), as well as applications of methods in new domains.

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Page Count

216

Publisher

Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.

Published Date

ISBN 10

1409486850

ISBN 13

9781409486855

Digitising Command and Control

A Human Factors and Ergonomics Analysis of Mission Planning and Battlespace Management

By: Dr Daniel P Jenkins,Dr Guy H Walker,Dr Laura A Rafferty,Ms Kirsten M A Revell,Professor Neville A Stanton,Professor Paul M Salmon

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Digitising Command and Control

A Human Factors and Ergonomics Analysis of Mission Planning and Battlespace Management

By: Dr Daniel P Jenkins,Dr Guy H Walker,Dr Laura A Rafferty,Ms Kirsten M A Revell,Professor Neville A Stanton,Professor Paul M Salmon

This book presents a human factors and ergonomics evaluation of a digital Mission Planning and Battle-space Management (MP/BM) system. An emphasis was placed on the activities at the Brigade (Bde) and the Battle Group (BG) headquarters (HQ) levels. The analysts distributed their time evenly between these two locations. The human factors team from Brunel University, as part of the HFI DTC, undertook a multi-faceted approach to the investigation, including: - observation of people using the traditional analogue MP/BM processes in the course of their work - cognitive work analysis of the digital MP/BM system - analysis of the tasks and goal structure required by the digital MP/BM - assessment against a usability questionnaire - analysis of the distributed situation awareness - an environmental survey. The book concludes with a summary of the research project's findings and offers many valuable insights. For example, the recommendations for short-term improvements in the current generation of digital MP/BM system address general design improvements, user-interface design improvements, hardware improvements, infrastructure improvements and support improvements. In looking forward to the next generation digital MP/BM systems, general human factors design principles are presented and human factors issues in digitising mission planning are considered.

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Page Count

441

Publisher

Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.

Published Date

ISBN 10

1409486117

ISBN 13

9781409486114

Human Factors Methods

A Practical Guide for Engineering and Design

By: Dr Chris Baber,Dr Daniel P Jenkins,Dr Guy H Walker,Dr Laura A Rafferty,Professor Paul M Salmon,Professor Neville A Stanton

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Human Factors Methods

A Practical Guide for Engineering and Design

By: Dr Chris Baber,Dr Daniel P Jenkins,Dr Guy H Walker,Dr Laura A Rafferty,Professor Paul M Salmon,Professor Neville A Stanton

This second edition of Human Factors Methods: A Practical Guide for Engineering and Design now presents 107 design and evaluation methods including numerous refinements to those that featured in the original. The book acts as an ergonomics methods manual, aiding both students and practitioners. Offering a 'how-to' text on a substantial range of ergonomics methods, the eleven sections represent the different categories of ergonomics methods and techniques that can be used in the evaluation and design process.

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