This second edition of Human Factors Methods: A Practical Guide for Engineering and Design now presents 107 design and evaluation methods including numerous refinements to those that featured in the original. The book acts as an ergonomics methods manual, aiding both students and practitioners. Offering a 'how-to' text on a substantial range of ergonomics methods, the eleven sections represent the different categories of ergonomics methods and techniques that can be used in the evaluation and design process.
This book presents the latest developments of Systems Thinking in Practice to the analysis and design of complex sociotechnical systems. The Event Analysis of Systemic Teamwork (EAST) method is applied to micro, meso and macro systems. Written by experts in the field, this text covers a diverse range of domains, including: automation, aviation, energy grid distribution, military command and control, road and rail transportation, sports, and urban planning. Extensions to the EAST method are presented along with future directions for the approach. Illustrates a contemporary review of the status of Distributed Cognition (DCOG) Presents examples of the application of Event Analysis of Systemic Teamwork (EAST) method Presents examples of the application of Event Analysis of Systemic Teamwork (EAST) method Discusses the metrics for the examination of social, task, and information networks Provides comparison of alternative networks with implications for design of DCOG in systems
Having an accurate understanding of what is going on is a key commodity for teams working within military systems. 'Situation awareness' (SA) is the term that is used within human factors circles to describe the level of awareness that operators have of the situation that they are engaged in; it focuses on how operators develop and maintain a sufficient understanding of 'what is going on' in order to achieve success in task performance. Over the past two decades, the construct has become a fundamental theme within the areas of system design and evaluation and has received considerable attention from the human factors research community. Despite this, there is still considerable debate over how SA operates in complex collaborative systems and how SA achievement and maintenance is best supported through system, procedure and interface design. This book focuses on the recently developed concept of distributed situation awareness, which takes a systems perspective on the concept and moves the focus on situation awareness out of the heads of individual operators and on to the overall joint cognitive system consisting of human and technological agents. Situation awareness is viewed as an emergent property of collaborative systems, something that resides in the interaction between elements of the system and not in the heads of individual operators working in that system. The first part of the book presents a comprehensive review and critique of existing SA theory and measurement approaches, following which a novel model for complex collaborative systems, the distributed SA model, and a new modelling procedure, the propositional network approach, are outlined and demonstrated. The next part focuses on real-world applications of the model and modelling procedure, and presents four case studies undertaken in the land warfare, multinational warfare and energy distribution domains. Each case study is described in terms of the domain in question, the methodology employed, and the findings derived in relation to situation awareness theory. The third and final part of the book then concentrates on theoretical development, and uses the academic literature and the findings from the case study applications to validate and extend the distributed SA model described at the beginning of the book. In closing, the utility of the distributed SA model and modeling procedure are outlined and a series of initial guidelines for supporting distributed SA through system design are articulated.
Complex sociotechnical systems' are systems made up of numerous interacting parts, both human and non-human, operating in dynamic, ambiguous and safety critical domains. Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) is a structured framework specifically developed for considering the development and analysis of these complex socio-technical systems. Unlike many human factors approaches, CWA does not focus on how human-system interaction should proceed (normative modelling) or how human-system interaction currently works (descriptive modelling). Instead, through a focus on constraints, it develops a model of how work can be conducted within a given work domain, without explicitly identifying specific sequences of actions (formative modelling). The framework leads the analyst to consider the environment the task takes place within, and the effect of the imposed constraints on the way work can be conducted. It provides guidance through the process of answering the questions of why the system exists, what activities can be conducted within the domain as well as how these activities can be achieved, and who can perform them. The first part of the book contains a comprehensive description of CWA, introducing it to the uninitiated. It then presents a number of applications in complex military domains to explore and develop the benefits of CWA. Unlike much of the previous literature, particular attention is placed on exploring the CWA framework in its entirety. This holistic approach focuses on the system environment, the activity that takes place within it, the strategies used to conduct this activity, the way in which the constituent parts of the system (both human and non-human) interact and the behaviour required. Each stage of this analysis identifies the constraints governing the system; it is contended that through this holistic understanding of constraints, recommendations can be made for the design of system interaction; increasing the ability of users to cope with unanticipated, unexpected situations. This book discusses the applicability of the approach in system analysis, development and evaluation. It provides process to what was previously a loosely defined framework.
Human Factors Methods and Accident Analysis is the first book to offer a practical guide for investigators, practitioners and researchers wishing to apply accident analysis methods. It is also unique in presenting a series of novel applications of accident analysis methods, including HF methods not previously used for these purposes (e.g. EAST, critical path analysis), as well as applications of methods in new domains.
This book presents a human factors and ergonomics evaluation of a digital Mission Planning and Battle-space Management (MP/BM) system. An emphasis was placed on the activities at the Brigade (Bde) and the Battle Group (BG) headquarters (HQ) levels. The analysts distributed their time evenly between these two locations. The human factors team from Brunel University, as part of the HFI DTC, undertook a multi-faceted approach to the investigation, including: - observation of people using the traditional analogue MP/BM processes in the course of their work - cognitive work analysis of the digital MP/BM system - analysis of the tasks and goal structure required by the digital MP/BM - assessment against a usability questionnaire - analysis of the distributed situation awareness - an environmental survey. The book concludes with a summary of the research project's findings and offers many valuable insights. For example, the recommendations for short-term improvements in the current generation of digital MP/BM system address general design improvements, user-interface design improvements, hardware improvements, infrastructure improvements and support improvements. In looking forward to the next generation digital MP/BM systems, general human factors design principles are presented and human factors issues in digitising mission planning are considered.
Aviation is a complex system, and the investigation and modelling of aviation accident causation can suffer from being artificially manipulated into non-complex models and methods. This book addresses this issue by developing a new approach to investigating aviation accident causation through information networks, which centralise communication and the flow of information as key indicators of a system’s health and risk. The book’s new model offers many potential developments and some key areas are studied in this research, maintaining firm focus on the overall health of a system.
Winning is about more than putting the puck in the net. A team needs to work hard every day, both on and off the ice, to create the strength and determination required to make a run at victory. It also takes a community of people dedicated to helping in any way they can. The Soo Greyhounds have become one of the most dynamic, successful, and exciting teams playing hockey in North America, but they didn’t get there alone. In Sault Ste. Marie, it takes a village to raise a hockey team. Player profiles include some of the Greyhounds’ alumni, such as Wayne Gretzky, Ron Francis, Joe Thornton, Paul Coffey, Adam Foote, John Vanbiesbrouck and Craig Hartsburg as they pursued their hockey and other dreams. Hound Town looks at the relationship between a team and its community as the franchise heads into its forty-fifth season. It also, demystifies the operations of a hockey franchise in the OHL by providing accurate information to assist players, parents, advisors, and fans. Through player profiles, highlights and struggles from each season, and a look behind the scenes at the amazing people who provide support, it shows that the Soo Greyhounds are an integral part of Sault Ste. Marie, and truly the community’s team. From the team’s first season in 1972 to the shifting trends in today’s game, the book provides an insider’s perspective on a seminal OHL hockey club, and what it takes to make Sault Ste. Marie one of the best hockey towns anywhere.
Written by experts in the field, the Tarascon Gastroenterology Pocketbook is a convenient reference guide that provides a comprehensive review of major gastroenterology topics along with a succinct presentation of pathophysiology and diagnostic and management strategies in gastroenterology. Topics include: •Evaluation and characterization of acute abdominal pain •Chronic inflammatory diseases including ulcerative colitis, Chron's disease, and primary biliary cirrhosis •Diagnosis and management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) •Ordering radiologic studies for GI conditions The Tarascon Gastroenterology Pocketbook is a comprehensive, evidenced-based resource, and is a must-have tool for gastroenterologists, primary care physicians, nurses, fellows, and other health care providers in the field of gastroenterology.
NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER! Discover how to harness the power of food to support your body’s natural rhythms, empowering you to heal and thrive in this cookbook based on the revolutionary international bestseller, Fast Like a Girl. Do you struggle with hormonal imbalances or feel like your diet is out of sync with your body’s needs? Do you find it difficult to manage your energy levels throughout the month? Many women experience these challenges, often without understanding why. This book will show you how to use food as a powerful tool to support your body’s natural rhythms and guide you to a healthier, more balanced life. Thousands of women worldwide have embraced the fasting lifestyle introduced in Dr. Mindy Pelz’s revolutionary worldwide bestseller, Fast Like a Girl, and celebrated the return of regular menstrual cycles, improved fertility, and weight loss that had previously seemed impossible. In Eat Like a Girl, Dr. Mindy teaches how to use food to enhance these benefits. With over 100 recipes for both plant-based and omnivore diets, she shows you how to eat for your hormones and use food to support your fasting lifestyle, while enjoying delicious recipes that reflect the latest nutritional science, including: Quick and easy “fasted snacks” to sustain you while fasting Nourishing choices to break your fast and stabilize blood sugar Meals designed to support hormonal production and balance Recipes that keep blood sugar levels steady and support a healthy gut Dr. Mindy writes, “You deserve to live in a body you love—a healthy, happy, vibrant body that lives congruently with your hormonal wisdom.” Eat Like a Girl is more than a cookbook—it’s a manifesto for living in tune with your body.
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