Mathematical models and computer simulations play important roles in developing a better understanding of learning and memory mechanisms. Models provide a means for representing, integrating, and manipulating diverse and complex empirical data. This chapter provides an overview of computational studies of learning and memory in invertebrates, including gene regulatory networks, signal transduction cascades, single neurons, and neural networks. These computational studies are helping to link specific component processes (e.g., changes in protein levels and phosphorylation, modulation of membrane conductances, synaptic plasticity, and network architecture) to features of nonassociative and associative learning. Moreover, these computational studies highlight mechanistic features that are common among different animals and common to multiple forms of learning and memory. Thus, computational analyses provide insights into the relationships among simple and complex forms of learning.
Although classical and operant conditioning are operationally distinct, it is unclear to what extent they are mechanistically similar or different. Feeding behavior in the mollusk Aplysia californica is a useful model system to analyze these two ubiquitous forms of associative learning and compare the underlying neuronal mechanisms. Here, we review studies that have analyzed and compared the mechanisms underlying classical and operant conditioning at the circuit, single-cell, and molecular levels. These analyses reveal similarities and intriguing differences. Both forms of learning lead to increased biting in vivo and fictive ingestion in vitro and also share a common reinforcement pathway, which uses dopamine as the reinforcement transmitter. Although the identified neuron B51 is a locus of plasticity common to both classical and operant conditioning, its activity is altered in opposite ways by these two forms of learning. B51 excitability is increased by operant conditioning, whereas it is decreased by classical conditioning.
Critical realism is a philosophy of science that positions itself against the major alternative philosophies underlying contemporary sociology. This book offers a general critique of sociology, particularly sociology in the United States, from a critical realist perspective. It also acts as an introduction to critical realism for students and scholars of sociology. Written in a lively, accessible style, Douglas V. Porpora argues that sociology currently operates with deficient accounts of truth, culture, structure, agency, and causality that are all better served by a critical realist perspective. This approach argues against the alternative sociological perspectives, in particular the dominant positivism which privileges statistical techniques and experimental design over ethnographic and historical approaches. However, the book also compares critical realism favourably with a range of other approaches, including poststructuralism, pragmatism, interpretivism, practice theory, and relational sociology. Numerous sociological examples are included, and each chapter addresses well-known and current work in sociology.
Apoptosis, or cell death, can be pathological, a sign of disease and damage, or physiological, a process essential for normal health. This book, with contributions from experts in the field, provides a timely compilation of reviews of mechanisms of apoptosis. The book is organized into three convenient sections. The first section explores the different processes of cell death and how they relate to one another. The second section focuses on organ-specific apoptosis-related diseases. The third section explores cell death in non-mammalian organisms, such as plants. This comprehensive text is a must-read for all researchers and scholars interested in apoptosis.
The Blue Devils have received very little attention from jazz historians, though the band members and the writer Ralph Ellison (who sometimes sat in with them) spoke with conviction about their sterling musicianship and their legendary ability to defeat all competitors in battles of the bands. Chronicling the ten years the band was officially together, Douglas Daniels delves into the potent social and cultural history of the 1920s and the Depression to show the era's influence on the group's founding as well as on the players' careers.
The original recipients of the Letter of First Peter inhabited a radically different social context from our own. We do not live under Roman imperial rule. Slave labor is not the driving force of our economy. Women are not under patriarchal domination in our culture as they once were. Society has changed, but what is beyond dispute is that Western culture remains antithetical to God's will and hostile to the Jesus way. The imperial Caesar has been replaced by the imperial self. The Pax Romana has been replaced by the American Dream. Western capitalism still trades in the bodies and souls of human beings. Culture obsesses over sexual freedom and material indulgence. Idolatry is pervasive. Autonomous individualism is the ideal. First Peter is about the inevitable clash with culture that ensues because of the good news of Jesus Christ. The Apostle Peter's bottom-up profile of costly discipleship is far more radical than we may realize. Hostility against the church is the believer's opportunity under pressure to reveal the goodness of God. Suffering and submission are essential for Peter's Christ for culture strategy. Sacrifice is the leverage of the gospel. Cross-bearing humility is the strategy for relating to culture and Christlike humility is essential for living in the household of God.
The essays in this collection examine religion, politics and commerce in Scotland during a time of crisis and turmoil. Contributors look at the effect of the Union on Scottish trade and commerce, the Scottish role in tobacco and sugar plantations, Robert Burns’s early poetry on his planned emigration to Jamaica and Scottish anti-abolitionists.
All the Skills Students Need to Succeed in Today's Competitive Business World Completely updated and revised, the Seventh Edition focuses on all aspects of planning, coordinating and executing a successful marketing strategy. Covering the key marketing management concepts, this popular and comprehensive text shows students how to apply the material in today's business environment. And with the help of 39 case studies, they'll quickly develop the decision-making and critical-thinking skills needed to solve realistic marketing problems. New Features of the Seventh Edition * Updated Marketing in Action and Marketing Strategies boxes provide real-world examples that demonstrate how the material is applied in business. * The Internet is fully integrated with all marketing activities. The authors provide broad Internet coverage and many examples in the distribution, direct marketing, promotion, services marketing, and advertising chapters. * New "Applying. to" and "Integrating. with" sections highlight topical marketing and business areas. * 26 new case studies have been added that cover a wide range of products and organizations. Most of these cases focus on the global business environment.. * Internet coverage is integrated throughout the book. * Globalization is thoroughly discussed and the concepts are reinforced through examples, questions, and cases. * SPSS(r) Student Version for Windows 9.0 is available to accompany the text.
Recommended by The Independent Anti-Slavery Commissioner, Dame Sara Thornton, in her 2020 report on “The Modern Slavery Act 2015 Statutory Defence: A call for evidence” "Rarely can the talent of so many practitioners be accessed in one convenient resource." Crimeline Human Trafficking and Modern Slavery Law and Practice, Second Edition provides guidance to those who deal directly or indirectly with those affected by modern slavery and trafficking, employ or manage a workforce, or have oversight of supply chains. It enables practitioners to deal with issues of law and procedure by providing an accessible, but comprehensive, summary of the points that need to be considered in order to plan a coherent litigation or compliance strategy. This Second Edition focuses on areas which have become of critical importance such as: - The modern slavery defence - Corporate accountability and modern slavery compliance statements - National Referral Mechanism for victims - How to identify victims of trafficking and modern slavery - How to elicit key information from victims of trafficking and modern slavery - Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings - The EU Anti-trafficking Directive This highly accessible guide draws on the expertise and experience of professionals in different disciplines, so that practitioners can receive guidance for their own practice and an understanding of the inter-relationship with other practice areas. Criminal, immigration, commercial and civil lawyers will find this an essential guide. It is also important for businesses when undertaking human rights due diligence assessments, as well as for those who work in law enforcement, the judiciary and academia.
The NIV Application Commentary helps you communicate and apply biblical text effectively in today's context. To bring the ancient messages of the Bible into today's world, each passage is treated in three sections: Original Meaning. Concise exegesis to help readers understand the original meaning of the biblical text in its historical, literary, and cultural context. Bridging Contexts. A bridge between the world of the Bible and the world of today, built by discerning what is timeless in the timely pages of the Bible. Contemporary Significance. This section identifies comparable situations to those faced in the Bible and explores relevant application of the biblical messages. The author alerts the readers of problems they may encounter when seeking to apply the passage and helps them think through the issues involved. This unique, award-winning commentary is the ideal resource for today's preachers, teachers, and serious students of the Bible, giving them the tools, ideas, and insights they need to communicate God's Word with the same powerful impact it had when it was first written.
The Feminization of American Culture seeks to explain the values prevalent in today's mass culture by tracing them back to their roots in the Victorian era.
Including Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm & Penelope Hamilton Series: Rose o' the River, A Summer in a Cañon, The Birds' Christmas Carol, Timothy's Quest, The Arabian Nights, Golden Numbers & many more
Including Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm & Penelope Hamilton Series: Rose o' the River, A Summer in a Cañon, The Birds' Christmas Carol, Timothy's Quest, The Arabian Nights, Golden Numbers & many more
This carefully edited collection has been designed and formatted to the highest digital standards and adjusted for readability on all devices. Table of Contents: Rebecca of Sunnybrook Series: Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm New Chronicles of Rebecca The Flag-Raising Penelope Hamilton Series: Penelope's English Experiences Penelope's Experiences in Scotland Penelope's Irish Experiences Penelope's Postscripts The Homespun Trilogy: Rose o' the River The Old Peabody Pew Susanna and Sue Other Novels: A Summer in a Cañon: A California Story Polly Oliver's Problem: A Story for Girls The Birds' Christmas Carol The Romance of a Christmas Card Timothy's Quest Marm Lisa Mother Carey's Chickens The Diary of a Goose Girl A Cathedral Courtship The Story of Waitstill Baxter The Story of Patsy Short Stories: The Village Watch-Tower Tom O' the Blueb'ry Plains The Nooning Tree The Fore-Room Rug A Village Stradivarius The Eventful Trip of the Midnight Cry Ladies-in-Waiting Miss Thomasina Tucker The Turning-Point Huldah the Prophetess Two on a Tour Philippa's Nervous Prostration Anthologies: The Arabian Nights: Their Best Known Tales The Fairy Ring Tales of Wonder Every Child Should Know The Talking Beasts: A Book of Fable Wisdom The Story Hour: A Book for the Home and the Kindergarten Golden Numbers: A Book of Verse for Youth The Posy Ring: A Book of Verse for Children Pinafore Palace Other Works: The Girl and the Kingdom: Learning to Teach The Republic of Childhood: Froebel's Gifts Children's Rights: A Book of Nursery Logic Bluebeard: A Musical Fantasy The Girl Scouts: A Training School for Womanhood Kate Douglas Wiggin (1856-1923) was an American educator and author of children's stories, most notably the classic children's novel Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm. She devoted her adult life to the welfare of children in an era when children were commonly thought of as cheap labor.
If you have picked up this book, chances are you are a committed follower of Christ. Like many searching Christians you are tired of religious busywork and showy piety. You long for authentic worship and meaningful service. You came to Christ with deep expectations of transformation and service, but those passions have been starved by shallow theology and superficial relationships. You are looking for something more. You are ready to sink your mind into what the Bible says about the call of God, the priesthood of all believers, and what it means to live for Christ and his kingdom. The two-volume Living in Tension offers in-depth spiritual direction on the crucial issues shaping a theology of ministry. This is not a book for pastors only. Webster intentionally blurs the distinction between pastor and congregation. This book is for all believers who take God's call to salvation, service, sacrifice, and simplicity seriously. Living in Tension provides need-to-know insights for every congregation. Pastors will find that this passionate and practical theology translates well into their own lives and into the life of the church.
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