Everyone needs a mentor. We buy books, programs, take classes, and attend seminars searching for answers to life’s toughest questions. But what if the answers are found in the One that created you? Not the institutional religion that we are accustomed to, but a radical direct connection to Jesus? In My Mentor Walks on Water, Donna helps you discover how to connect who you are with how God sees you, dig deeper in Scripture, how to seek out mentorship, and why it matters. Readers will learn about: - Reconciling our self-identity - Transforming our future lives by writing a new story for the past - Deepening our understanding and knowledge of who Jesus is and His love for us - Exploring the ways we can be mentored by Scripture, the Spirit, and other people - Seeking out discipleship in every area of your life - What it means to walk on water and leave a legacy Through the pages of My Mentor Walks on Water, you’ll not only find answers to lifelong questions but encounter Jesus in a way that creates a renewed purpose and vision. When you step out and leave the comfort of being a boat sitter behind, you’ll cause a ripple effect that impacts the world around you. So, what are you waiting for? Don’t stay in the boat. It’s time to lock eyes with Jesus and be a water walker.
Recounts the author's childhood as an organist's daughter for tent revivalist David Terrell, describing her witness to his mass "miracles" and his morally corrupt activities behind the scenes.
This book delves deep into school culture and the school shooter. The authors generate a more comprehensive picture of school violence including the personal, interpersonal, and environmental factors that help to generate a school serial killer. The authors introduce new type of violence classification system, which includes“retributive violence” as well as a new tool for schools to use in preventing catastrophe. This book provides the foundation for building an Early Warning Violence Prevention and Detection System for schools. Through a new concept of reverse profiling, the authors widen the perspective on the multiple causes of school violence, moving away from a static trait cluster or profile perspective. Increased attention to the processes, patterns, cycles, and other decompensation trends is the key to identifying schools which are vulnerable to violence and potential perpetrators. Awareness can be the best tool in prevention.
Health Care Management and the Law-2nd Edition is a comprehensive practical health law text relevant to students seeking the basic management skills required to work in health care organizations, as well as students currently working in health care organizations. This text is also relevant to those general health care consumers who are simply attempting to navigate the complex American health care system. Every attempt is made within the text to support health law and management theory with practical applications to current issues.
The National Endowment for the Arts is often accused of embodying a liberal agenda within the American government. In Federalizing the Muse, Donna Binkiewicz assesses the leadership and goals of Presidents Kennedy through Carter, as well as Congress and the National Council on the Arts, drawing a picture of the major players who created national arts policy. Using presidential papers, NEA and National Archives materials, and numerous interviews with policy makers, Binkiewicz refutes persisting beliefs in arts funding as part of a liberal agenda by arguing that the NEA's origins in the Cold War era colored arts policy with a distinctly moderate undertone. Binkiewicz's study of visual arts grants reveals that NEA officials promoted a modernist, abstract aesthetic specifically because they believed such a style would best showcase American achievement and freedom. This initially led them to neglect many contemporary art forms they feared could be perceived as politically problematic, such as pop, feminist, and ethnic arts. The agency was not able to balance its funding across a variety of art forms before facing serious budget cutbacks. Binkiewicz's analysis brings important historical perspective to the perennial debates about American art policy and sheds light on provocative political and cultural issues in postwar America.
A few short years after HIV first entered the world blood supply in the late 1970s and early 1980s, over half the hemophiliacs in the United States were infected with the virus. But this was far more than just an unforeseeable public health disaster. Negligent doctors, government regulators, and Big Pharma all had a hand in this devastating epidemic. Blood on Their Hands is an inspiring, firsthand account of the legal battles fought on behalf of hemophiliacs who were unwittingly infected with tainted blood. As part of the team behind the key class action litigation filed by the infected, young New Jersey lawyer Eric Weinberg was faced with a daunting task: to prove the negligence of a powerful, well-connected global industry worth billions. Weinberg and journalist Donna Shaw tell the dramatic story of how idealistic attorneys and their heroic, mortally-ill clients fought to achieve justice and prevent further infections. A stunning exposé of one of the American medical system’s most shameful debacles, Blood on Their Hands is a rousing reminder that, through perseverance, the victims of corporate greed can sometimes achieve great victory.
Introduction to Teaching: Making a Difference in Student Learning, Second Edition is the ideal text for aspiring teachers. Acclaimed authors Gene Hall, Linda Quinn, and Donna Gollnick thoroughly prepare teacher education candidates to make a difference as teachers, presenting first-hand stories and evidence-based practices while offering a student-centered approach to learning. The authors target one of the biggest challenges facing many of today’s schools—making sure that all students are learning—and help teachers make student learning the primary focus in all that they do. From true-to-life challenges that teachers will face (high-stakes testing, student learning assessments, low teacher retention, Common Core Standards) to the inspiration and joy they will discover throughout their teaching careers, this text paints a realistic picture of the real life of a teacher.
Cooking with Grease is a powerful, behind-the-scenes memoir of the life and times of a tenacious political organizer and the first African-American woman to head a major presidential campaign. Donna Brazile fought her first political fight at age nine -- campaigning (successfully) for a city council candidate who promised a playground in her neighborhood. The day after Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated, she committed her heart and her future to political and social activism. By the 2000 presidential election, Brazile had become a major player in American political history -- and she remains one of the most outspoken and forceful political activists of our day. Donna grew up one of nine children in a working-poor family in New Orleans, a place where talking politics comes as naturally as stirring a pot of seafood gumbo -- and where the two often go hand in hand. Growing up, Donna learned how to cook from watching her mother, Jean, stir the pots in their family kitchen. She inherited her love of reading and politics from her grandmother Frances. Her brothers Teddy Man and Chet worked as foot soldiers in her early business schemes and voter registration efforts. Cooking with Grease follows Donna's rise to greater and greater political and personal accomplishments: lobbying for student financial aide, organizing demonstrations to make Martin Luther King Jr.'s birthday a national holiday and working on the Jesse Jackson, Dick Gephardt, Michael Dukakis and Bill Clinton presidential campaigns. But each new career success came with its own kind of heartache, especially in her greatest challenge: leading Al Gore's 2000 campaign, making her the first African American to lead a major presidential campaign. Cooking with Grease is an intimate account of Donna's thirty years in politics. Her stories of the leaders and activists who have helped shape America's future are both inspiring and memorable. Donna's witty style and innovative political strategies have garnered her the respect and admiration of colleagues and adversaries alike -- she is as comfortable trading quips with J. C. Watts as she is with her Democratic colleagues. Her story is as warm and nourishing as a bowl of Brazile family gumbo.
As the sole purveyors of news and opinion, Reconstruction-era newspapers bent and spindled American public opinion with little regard for independent journalism and great regard for party politics. In other words, the newspapers of the Reconstruction era served political rather than social needs. The issues facing the nation were momentous, and opinions on how to deal with the problems were vigorously presented and defended. Using editorials, letters, essays, and news reports that appeared throughout the country's print media, this book reveals how editors, politicians, and other Americans used the press to influence opinion from 1865 to 1877. Issues such as civil rights, constitutional amendments, a presidential impeachment, Indian wars, immigration, and political corruption dominated the newspapers and gave journalists opportunities to advance their agendas. Each of the 30 chapters of this book introduces an event or issue and includes news articles representing opposing sides of the issue as it affected Americans. Readers can use the introductory essays and primary source documents to understand how newspapers and magazines presented vital events and issues to Americans of the day. This invaluable reference source presents hard-to-find opinions in the words of those who wrote them.
When a crisis strikes, the first 120 minutes can determine the public's perceptions of the school system, employee group, community college, university or ministry, and the image the organization will have long after the situation is under control. This document defines a crisis and the need for crisis management; the result of a crisis that is not managed; the key elements of good crisis management as exemplified by Johnson & Johnson, Wisconsin Electric Power Co., and Molson Breweries; the need for communication planning and establishment of credibility before the crisis strikes; elements of a communication plan; measures to take during an actual crisis, using the example of a teachers' strike; and principles of crisis management.
Theatre reading allows students to experiment with the use of language and to gain an insight into the interaction between text and the spoken word. For lower primary students.
In the United States and most parts of the world, law, policy, policing, and prevention work addressing domestic and intimate partner violence is created and enacted based on a violence model. Likewise, it is generally believed that all victims of intimate partner homicide are victims of intimate partner violence, through physical abuse, prior to the incident of homicide, and that this violence is reported beforehand. Voices of Intimate Partner Homicide takes a critical look at these misconceived notions and sheds light on multiple non-violent forms of controlling behavior that precipitate intimate partner homicide. The book bases its critical examination on a content analysis of court-filed Petitions for Injunction for Protection Against Domestic Violence. Through these records, as well as corresponding police and homicide reports, the accounts of the victims, and their relationships with their offenders, come to life. Recurring coercive control tactics are coded and analyzed across multiple accounts, including intimidation, isolation, and humiliation, to illustrate the ways in which individuals are threatened prior to homicide and the true extent of harm that happens in the absence of physical violence. Considering the victim’s responses, as well as their interaction with law enforcement and the court system prior to their death, the author challenges current legal and policy initiatives made to address and protect victims from intimate partner violence and argues that non-violent controlling behaviors deserve more attention in lethality risk assessments that are utilized throughout the United States. For practitioners, advocates, researchers, and students, this book provides an intimate and important account of the causes and consequences of intimate partner violence prior to homicide and a rare window into the victim’s overall experience.
Taken from the best of Donna Magazine that can be found at: http: //kakonged.wordpress.com on the Internet comes a book that you can take with you anywhere
GHOLSON ROAD is the well-documented story of one family's role in American history, from early Virginia through early Texas during the period of the Old West. Anthony2 fought with the Virginia militia in the Revolutionary War and leased land from George Washington. In 1801, at age 68, he moved his family west to Kentucky. Samuel, son of Anthony2, fought in the War of 1812, participating in the Battle of the Thames and the Battle of New Orleans, moved to Arkansas Territory, then to Texas, arriving in 1832 with his son Albert. They were members of Robertson's Colony while Texas was still a part of Mexico and were among the early Texas Rangers. Albert fought in most of the battles of the Texas Revolution and survived many Indian fights, only to be killed by a neighbor. His sons, Sam and Frank, were also Texas Rangers, protecting the settlers and helping to retrieve several Indian captives. The brothers were persuaded to become Confederate soldiers by a lynch mob that threatened to kill them and their young wives if they did not. After the Civil War, they were involved in the cattle industry and the trail drives of the late 1800s.
In this book, Mertens provides a brief history of the emergence of mixed methods research and numerous examples to illustrate its application in different disciplines and geographic areas. Mixed methods approaches offer researchers an exciting opportunity to explore new combinations of methods in diverse contexts: the design possibilities are endless and can be incorporated in many different approaches. The book presents case studies to illustrate different philosophical lenses for mixed methods design, including post-positivism, constructivism, pragmatism, transformative, Indigenous, and dialectical pluralism. The book features interviews with researchers about their experiences and practices. They discuss a variety of topics including innovative research design, use of technology and big data, preparation of mixed methods researchers, and how this research can contribute to a more just and equitable future.
This text engages students with the ethical decisions faced by health care professionals every day. Based on principles and applications in health care ethics and the law, this text extends beyond areas that are often included in discussions of political philosophy and the principles of justice.
Prepare for the Worst, Plan for the Best: Disaster Preparedness and Recovery for Small Businesses presents you with proven guidelines for your small or midsized business to effectively prepare for catastrophes.
Examining American foreign policy towards the Horn of Africa between 1945 and 1991, this book uses Ethiopia and Somalia as case studies to offer an evaluation of the decision-making process during the Cold War, and consider the impact that these decisions had upon subsequent developments both within the Horn of Africa and in the wider international context. The decision-making process is studied, including the role of the president, the input of his advisers and lower level officials within agencies such as the State Department and National Security Council, and the parts played by Congress, bureaucracies, public opinion, and other actors within the international environment, especially the Soviet Union, Ethiopia and Somalia. Jackson examines the extent to which influences exerted by forces other than the president affected foreign policy, and provides the first comprehensive analysis of American foreign policy towards Ethiopia and Somalia throughout the Cold War. This book offers a fresh perspective on issues such as globalism, regionalism, proxy wars, American aid programmes, anti-communism and human rights. It will be of great interest to students and academics in various fields, including American foreign policy, American Studies and Politics, the history of the Cold War, and the history of the Horn of Africa during the modern era.
Effective Patient Education: A Guide to Increased Adherence, Fourth Edition gives clinicians the tools they need to become effective patient educators. Using a patient-centered approach, this essential text provides specific strategies for communicating in a way that motivates patients to take action. Crucial to this approach is an understanding of the patient as a partner in the patient education process. The text uncovers patient concerns and challenges that may interfere with patient adherence to recommendations, enabling clinicians to gain insight into their patients and devise communication strategies that can empower patients to overcome obstacles. In addition, this completely revised and updated edition explores the challenges that clinicians may face in conducting patient education. Using case examples to illustrate key points, this text moves beyond theory to offer practical application principles for the real world. Featuring a clinical approach in examining established patient-education theories, Effective Patient Education: A Guide to Increased Adherence, Fourth Edition is an invaluable guide for nursing students and professionals!
Brings together international scholars across the social and behavioural sciences and education to address those ethical issues that arise in the theory and practice of research within the technologically advancing and culturally complex world in which we live.
This encyclopedia offers readers an in-depth look at each US president and how he has shaped history. Alongside text that discusses both successes and struggles of each US president is information about the president's Cabinet members, Supreme Court appointments, and more. In addition, sidebars featuring First Ladies give information about their significant impacts on the country. Features include a glossary, additional resources, and an index. Aligned to Common Core Standards and correlated to state standards. Encyclopedias is an imprint of Abdo Reference, a division of ABDO.
Sort outlandish fiction from no-less-outrageous fact in this wild ride with the West's Gentleman Gunfighter. Robert Andrew Clay Allison was a jumble of contradictions. Mentally unstable and mean as a rattlesnake, he was also a fierce defender of the innocent. A hard drinker but a quiet-spoken man. A hell raiser who was an impromptu preacher. He was as feared for his prowess with pistol and Bowie knife as he was famous for loving whiskey and dancing. Largely forgotten today, his legend once sprawled across the frontier from Cimarron to Mobeetie, where he was known to careen drunkenly through the streets wearing only his gunbelt and his boots. Donna Blake Birchell places one of New Mexico's most fascinating figures back among his more well-chronicled peers.
In this nuanced and groundbreaking history, Donna Murch argues that the Black Panther Party (BPP) started with a study group. Drawing on oral history and untapped archival sources, she explains how a relatively small city with a recent history of African
**Selected for Doody's Core Titles® 2024 in Medical/Surgical** Learn the clinical judgment skills you need to succeed on the Next-Generation NCLEX® Exam and in medical-surgical nursing practice with Iggy's trendsetting, concept-based approach! From a team of nursing experts led by Donna Ignatavicius, Medical-Surgical Nursing: Concepts for Clinical Judgment and Collaborative Care, 11th Edition provides a solid foundation in medical-surgical nursing care that is patient-centered, evidence-based, and collaborative. In each chapter, content is organized by the most important concepts of care followed by commonly occurring exemplars for each concept. This perennial bestseller helps you learn to think like a nurse and learn how to apply your knowledge in the classroom, simulation laboratory, and clinical settings. - UNIQUE! Unparalleled focus on clinical judgment and systems thinking ensures alignment with the NCSBN Clinical Judgment Measurement Model and emphasizes the six cognitive skills that you'll need in order to develop effective clinical judgment, to succeed when taking the Next-Generation NCLEX® Exam (NGN), and to enter clinical practice as a safe, competent, compassionate generalist nurse. - UNIQUE! Data-driven Concept and Exemplar selections provide a strong foundation in professional nursing concepts and health and illness concepts, with application in each chapter. - UNIQUE! Exceptional emphasis on NGN preparation includes chapter-opening Learning Outcomes and chapter-ending Get Ready for the Next-Generation NCLEX Examination! sections, plus NCLEX Examination Challenge questions and Mastery and NGN Questions, with an answer key including rationales on the Evolve website. - Consistent use of interprofessional terminology promotes interprofessional collaboration through the use of a common healthcare language, instead of using nursing-specific diagnostic language. - Emphasis on patient safety highlights safety and evidence-based practice with Nursing Safety Priority boxes, as well as Drug Alert, Critical Rescue, and Action Alert boxes. - Focus on care coordination and transition management addresses the continuity of care between acute care and community-based care. - Direct, easy-to-read writing style features concise sentences and straightforward vocabulary, making this one of the most readable medical-surgical nursing textbooks available. - Sherpath (sold separately) for Ignatavicius et al. Medical-Surgical Nursing, 11th Edition provides an interactive, adaptive learning experience!
This edition of Multicultural and Ethnic Children’s Literature in the United States addresses both quantitative and more qualitative changes in this field over the last decade. Quantitative changes include more authors, books, and publishers; book review sources, booklists, and awards; organizations, institutions, and websites; and criticism and other scholarship. Qualitative changes include: More support for new and emerging writers and illustrators; Promotion of multicultural literature both in the U.S. and around the world, as well as developments in global literature; Developments in the literatures described throughout this book, as well as in research supporting this literature; The impact of technology; Characteristics and activities of four adult audiences that use and promote multicultural children’s literature, and Changes in leaders and their organizations. This is still a single reference source for busy and involved librarians, teachers, parents, scholars, publishers, distributors, and community leaders. Most books on multicultural children’s literature are written especially for teachers, librarians, and scholars. They may be introductions to the literature, selection tools, teaching guides, or very theoretical books on choosing, evaluating, and using these materials. Multicultural and Ethnic Children’s Literature in the United States focuses much more on the history of the development of this literature, from the nineteenth century to the present day. This book provides much more of a cultural and political context for the early development of this literature. It emphasizes the “self-determining” viewpoints and activities of diverse people as they produce materials for the young. Multicultural and Ethnic Children’s Literature… describes organizations, events, activities, and other contributions of diverse writers, illustrators, publishers, researchers, scholars, librarians, educators, and parents. It also describes trends in the research on the literature. It elaborates more on ways in which diversity is still an issue in publishing companies and an extended list of related industries. It describes related literature from outside of the U.S. and makes connections to traditional global literature. Last, Multicultural and Ethnic Children’s Literature, shows the impact of multiculturalism on education, libraries, and the mainstream culture, in general. While the other books on multiculturalism focus on how to find, evaluate, and use multicultural materials, especially in schools and libraries, this book is concerned over whether and how books are produced in the first place and how this material impact the broader society. In many ways, it supplements other books on multicultural children’s literature.
Written by a nursing expert and former Chair of patient education for the Society of Teachers of Family Medicine, Effective Patient Education: A Guide to Increased Adherence, Fourth Edition gives clinicians the tools they need to become effective patient educators. Using a patient-centered approach, this essential text provides specific strategies for communicating in a way that motivates patients to take action. Crucial to this approach is an understanding of the patient as a partner in the patient education process. The text uncovers patient concerns and challenges that may interfere with patient adherence to recommendations, enabling clinicians to gain insight into their patients and devise communication strategies that can empower patients to overcome obstacles. In addition, this completely revised and updated edition explores the challenges that clinicians may face in conducting patient education. Using case examples to illustrate key points, this text moves beyond theory to offer practical application principles for the real world. Featuring a clinical approach in examining established patient-education theories, Effective Patient Education: A Guide to Increased Adherence, Fourth Edition is an invaluable guide for nursing students and professionals!
This work represents the first integrated account of how deixis operates to facilitate points of view, providing the raw material for reconciling index and object. The book offers a fresh, applied philosophical approach using original empirical evidence to show that deictic demonstratives hasten the recognition of core representational constructs. It presents a case where the comprehension of shifting points of view by means of deixis is paramount to a theory of mind and to a worldview that incorporates human components of discovering and extending spatial knowledge. The book supports Peirce’s triadic sign theory as a more adequate explanatory account compared with those of Bühler and Piaget. Peirce’s unitary approach underscores the artificiality of constructing a worldview driven by logical reasoning alone; it highlights the importance of self-regulation and the appreciation of otherness within a sociocultural milieu. Integral to this semiotic perspective is imagination as a primary tool for situating the self in constructed realities, thus infusing reality with new possibilities. Imagination is likewise necessary to establish postures of mind for the self and others. Within these imaginative scenarios (consisting of overt, and then covert self dialogue) children construct their own worldviews, through linguistic role-taking, as they legitimize conflicting viewpoints within imagined spatial frameworks.
From blue bells to armadillos and the San Antonio River Walk to Cadillac Ranch, here's the inside story about the very things that give the state its character. Did you know that Texas has more bird species than any other state? That Texas is the largest producer of oil and gas in the United States and the nation's leader in pickup sales? That Texas has museums and larger-than-life statues that honor native sons and daughters such as Lyndon B. Johnson, Barbara Jordan, Buddy Holly, and J. Frank Dobie?
The authors analyze the impact of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and SEC regulations regarding selective disclosure and insider trading.
This book focuses on highlights (species mentioned, locality, geological age, stratigraphic positions, etc.) of nearly 1000 items published between 1821 and 2000, dealing with the remains of vertebrates that lived from about 2 million to 5000 years ago.
What constitutes better schooling for today's youth? In 1984 educational theorist Theodore R. Sizer formulated nine Common Principles to answer this question and launched The Coalition of Essential Schools, an organization of schools attempting to change their own structure, curriculum, pedagogy, and power relations according to Sizer's Principles. This important book, the first comprehensive look at Coalition schools, charts the course of reform at eight charter member schools. Donna E. Muncey and Patrick J. McQuillan, experts in anthropology as well as education, conducted a five-year ethnographic study to understand what happened in Coalition schools. The authors looked at curricular and pedagogical developments; how changes affected individual students, teachers, administrators, and other school personnel; and how American cultural beliefs influenced efforts to change.
Specifically dedicated to the skills that social workers need to advance community practice, this creative book is long overdue. Grounded in the wisdom and evidence of well-honed interpersonal social work skills...Donna Hardina's new text takes community practice to a higher level than ever before developed in book form; indeed she displays the most thorough understanding of research on community practice that I have read in any community practice text."--Journal of Teaching in Social Work Community organization has been a major component of social work practice since the late 19th century. It requires a diverse set of abilities, interpersonal skills being among the most important. This textbook describes the essential interpersonal skills that social workers need in community practice and helps students cultivate them. Drawing from empirical literature on community social work practice and the authorís own experience working with community organizers, the book focuses on developing the macro-level skills that are especially useful for community organizing. It covers relationship-building, interviewing, recruitment, community assessment, facilitating group decision-making and task planning, creating successful interventions, working with organizations, and program evaluation, along with examples of specific applications. For clarity and ease of use, the author employs a framework drawn from a variety of community practice models, including social action and social planning, transformative/popular education and community development approaches, and multicultural and feminist approaches. The text is linked to the competencies outlined in the Council of Social Work Educationís (2008) Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards (EPAS), as well as ethics and values identified in the National Association of Social Workersí (NASW) Code of Ethics, and the International Federation of Social Workersí statement of ethical principles. Most chapters begin with a quote from a community organizer explaining how interpersonal skills are used in practice, and student exercises conclude each chapter. The text also addresses other important skills such as legislative advocacy, lobbying, and supervision. Key Features: Describes the essential skills social workers need in community practice and how to acquire them Includes examples of specific applications drawn from empirical literature and the authorís experience working with community organizers Grounded in social justice, strengths-based, and human rights perspectives Linked to competencies outlined in EPAS and values identified in the NASW Code of Ethics Based on a variety of community practice models
Updated to align with the American Psychological Association and the National Council of Accreditation of Teacher Education accreditation requirements. Focused on increasing the credibility of research and evaluation, the Fifth Edition of Research and Evaluation in Education and Psychology: Integrating Diversity with Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods incorporates the viewpoints of various research paradigms into its descriptions of these methods. Students will learn to identify, evaluate, and practice good research, with special emphasis on conducting research in culturally complex communities, based on the perspectives of women, LGBTQ communities, ethnic/racial minorities, and people with disabilities. In each chapter, Dr. Donna M. Mertens carefully explains a step of the research process—from the literature review to analysis and reporting—and includes a sample study and abstract to illustrate the concepts discussed. The new edition includes over 30 new research studies and contemporary examples to demonstrate research methods including: Black girls and school discipline: The complexities of being overrepresented and understudied (Annamma, S.A., Anyon, Y., Joseph, N.M., Farrar, J., Greer, E., Downing, B., & Simmons, J.) Learning Cooperatively under Challenging Circumstances: Cooperation among Students in High-Risk Contexts in El Salvador (Christine Schmalenbach) Replicated Evidence of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Disability Identification in U.S. Schools (Morgan, et. al.) Relation of white-matter microstructure to reading ability and disability in beginning readers (Christodoulu, et. al.) Arts and mixed methods research: an innovative methodological merger (Archibald, M.M. & Gerber, N.)
There is a crisis today in the American family, and this crisis has been particularly severe in the African American community. Black women are more likely than ever to bear children as teenagers, to remain single, and to raise their children in poverty. As a result, a staggering number of African-American children are growing up without fathers and living in destitution. In this insightful new book, Donna L. Franklin offers an in depth account of the history and development of the African American family, revealing why the marriage and family experiences of African-Americans differs from those of white America, and highlighting the cultural and governmental forces that have combined to create this divide and to push the black family to the edge of catastrophe. In Ensuring Inequality, Franklin traces the evolution of the black family from slavery to the present, showing the cumulative effects of centuries of historical change. She begins with a richly researched account of the impact of slavery on the black family, finding that slavery not only caused extreme instability and suffering for families, but established a lasting pattern of poverty which made the economic advantages of marriage unattainable. She provides a sharp critique of the policies of the Freedmen's Bureau during Reconstruction, and demonstrates the mixed impact of the new pattern of sharecropping. On one hand, tenant farming allowed greater autonomy than the older gang labor system, and tended to consolidate two parent families; on the other hand, it reinforced male authority, and bound African Americans in debt peonage. The twentieth century brought a host of changes for black families, and Franklin incisively examines their effects. First, black women began to move to cities in search of jobs as domestic servants, while men stayed behind to work the fields, dividing the families. Then, two world wars sparked the great migration north, as African Americans pursued employment in booming factories. When the white soldiers returned home, however, many blacks found themselves out of work, shunted to the least desirable, lowest paying jobs. Roosevelt's New Deal offered limited help: in the North, it tolerated the red lining of urban neighborhoods, making it difficult for blacks to obtain home mortgages; in the South, blacks found that, as agricultural laborers, they were exempted from most labor laws, while agricultural subsidies were administered in favor of white farmers. And the distinction made between programs paid for by beneficiaries (such as social security) and those based on need (such as Aid to Families with Dependent Children) stigmatized the poor. Most blacks found themselves living an ever more tenuous, socially isolated existence. Franklin brings her comprehensive, nuanced study right up to the present, showing the impact on the urban poor of changes in the economy and society, from the dramatically shrinking pool of good jobs to the rise of the new right. "The increasing reliance on welfare by young black mothers," she writes, "corresponded to the erosion of opportunities for young black males." More important, she offers new approaches to solving the crisis. Not only does she recommend federal intervention to create new economic opportunity in urban ghettos, but she also stresses the importance of black self-help and proposes a plan of action. In addition, she outlines social interventions that can stabilize and strengthen poor, mother-only families living in ghetto neighborhoods. Exhaustively researched and insightfully written, Ensuring Inequality makes an important contribution to the central debate in American politics today.
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