Blockchain technology is one of the most popular technologies in the recent decade. In 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto published a paper entitled Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. This paper was the starting point of this technology. As of 2017, it has been nine years since blockchain’s development. During these years, blockchain has gradually developed toward industrialization from the initial technology boom. Although cryptocurrency and virtual currency transactions represented by Bitcoin fell to the bottom from the peak period of speculation in 2014, the investment of the relevant industries of blockchain in the world still rose gradually. With the deepening commercialization, the application of blockchain has been pervasive and has involved the financial sector and many other fields other than finance. Blockchain technology has revolutionized our day-to-day lives, and mass adoption of decentralized technology is predicted to happen shortly. This book has carried out valuable research in the provision of laws, rules, and systems in financial technology to make up for the shortcomings of existing research. At the same time, the book provides a large number of cases to explain how blockchain will fall, as well as the possible legal issues in landing. Blockchain and tokenomics are legal monographs in the blockchain industry that bridge the gaps in the legal reference of current blockchain business practices. This book will enable blockchain investors, blockchain entrepreneurs, and blockchain application explorers to understand the current and future practices of blockchain applications in a more transparent, more intuitive, and more comprehensive way by knowing the existing legal oversight and the future possibilities under the supervision of the work of blockchain.
This book provides a comprehensive guideline on dynamic analysis and vibration control of axially moving systems. First, the mathematical models of various axially moving systems describing the string, beam, belt, and plate models are developed. Accordingly, dynamical issues such as the equilibrium configuration, critical velocity, stability, bifurcation, and further chaotic dynamics are analyzed. Second, this book covers the design of the control schemes based on the hitherto control strategies for axially moving systems: feedback control using the transfer function, variable structure control, control by regulating the axial velocity, wave cancellation approach, boundary control using the Lyapunov method, adaptive control, and hybrid control methods. Finally, according to the contents discussed in the book, specific aspects are outlined for initiating future research endeavors to be undertaken concerning axially moving systems. This book is useful to graduate students and researchers in industrial sectors such as continuous manufacturing systems, transport systems, power transmission systems, and lifting systems not to mention in academia.
This open access book offers comprehensive information on Wang Yang-ming’s life, helping readers identify and grasp the foundations on which his philosophy was established. Though a great man, Wang had an extremely difficult life, full of many hardships. Based on various official histories, Wang’s own writings, and his disciples’ records, the book explores the legendary life of this ancient philosopher, who not only diligently pursued his objective of living as a sage, but also persistently sought the ideal state of a sage in ideology. The author also shares his own interpretations of the main aspects of Wang’s philosophy using simple and straightforward language. This book will help readers understand and appreciate Wang Yang-ming’s extraordinary life, his generous mind, deep thoughts and bright personality, inspiring them to pursue enriching lives. It offers a unique and insightful work for undergraduate students and all others interested in Wang’s philosophy and life story.
The book examines institutional innovation in urban regeneration in Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Shanghai, three Chinese cities that have experienced sweeping changes in recent years, providing an ideal guide to the development of urban regeneration practices in China. As a starting point, the book revisits relevant theoretical developments and the institutional experiences of urban regeneration in some Asian pioneer cities and regions, such as Hong Kong, Taipei, Tokyo, and Singapore. Moving on to the Chinese mainland cities themselves, the core comparative study investigates the institutional systems, key policies, planning formulations, and implementation paths in the urban regeneration process of the three cities. Gains and losses that have resulted from each city's institutional construction and reformation are discussed, as well as the underlying reasons for these. Drawing on these case studies and comparisons, the book puts forward some generic rules for urban regeneration institutional innovation, offering a valuable frame of reference for other cities and regions. The book will appeal to scholars interested in urban regeneration and renewal, as well as urban planners, architects, policymakers, and urban development administrators.
Over the last decade, differential privacy (DP) has emerged as the de facto standard privacy notion for research in privacy-preserving data analysis and publishing. The DP notion offers strong privacy guarantee and has been applied to many data analysis tasks. This Synthesis Lecture is the first of two volumes on differential privacy. This lecture differs from the existing books and surveys on differential privacy in that we take an approach balancing theory and practice. We focus on empirical accuracy performances of algorithms rather than asymptotic accuracy guarantees. At the same time, we try to explain why these algorithms have those empirical accuracy performances. We also take a balanced approach regarding the semantic meanings of differential privacy, explaining both its strong guarantees and its limitations. We start by inspecting the definition and basic properties of DP, and the main primitives for achieving DP. Then, we give a detailed discussion on the the semantic privacy guarantee provided by DP and the caveats when applying DP. Next, we review the state of the art mechanisms for publishing histograms for low-dimensional datasets, mechanisms for conducting machine learning tasks such as classification, regression, and clustering, and mechanisms for publishing information to answer marginal queries for high-dimensional datasets. Finally, we explain the sparse vector technique, including the many errors that have been made in the literature using it. The planned Volume 2 will cover usage of DP in other settings, including high-dimensional datasets, graph datasets, local setting, location privacy, and so on. We will also discuss various relaxations of DP.
Light detection and ranging, or LiDAR, is an advanced active remote sensing technology developed in the last 30 years to measure variable distances to the Earth. This book explains the fundamental concepts of LiDAR technology and its extended spaceborne, airborne, terrestrial, mobile, and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms. It addresses the challenges of massive LiDAR data intelligent processing, LiDAR software engineering, and in-depth applications. The theory and algorithms are integrated with multiple applications in a systematic way and with step-by-step instructions. Written for undergraduate and graduate students and practitioners in the field of LiDAR remote sensing, this book is a much-needed comprehensive resource. FEATURES Explains the fundamentals of LiDAR remote sensing, including theory, techniques, methods, and applications Highlights the dissemination and popularization of LiDAR remote sensing technology in the last decade Includes new advances in LiDAR data processing and applications Introduces new technologies such as spaceborne LiDAR and photon-counting LiDAR Provides multiple LiDAR application cases regarding topography mapping, forest investigation, power line inspection, building modeling, automatic driving, crop monitoring, indoor navigation, cultural heritage conservation, and underwater mapping This book is written for graduate and upper-level undergraduate students taking courses in remote sensing, geography, photogrammetric engineering, laser techniques, surveying and mapping, geographic information systems (GIS), forestry, and resources and environmental protection. It is also a comprehensive resource for researchers and scientists interested in learning techniques for collecting LiDAR remote sensing data and processing, analyzing, and managing LiDAR data for applications in forestry, surveying and mapping, cultural relic protection, and digital products. Chapters 1 and 2 of this book are freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.
In an era of intense competition where plant operating efficiencies must be maximized, downtime due to machinery failure has become more costly. To cut operating costs and increase revenues, industries have an urgent need to predict fault progression and remaining lifespan of industrial machines, processes, and systems. An engineer who mounts an acoustic sensor onto a spindle motor wants to know when the ball bearings will wear out without having to halt the ongoing milling processes. A scientist working on sensor networks wants to know which sensors are redundant and can be pruned off to save operational and computational overheads. These scenarios illustrate a need for new and unified perspectives in system analysis and design for engineering applications. Intelligent Diagnosis and Prognosis of Industrial Networked Systems proposes linear mathematical tool sets that can be applied to realistic engineering systems. The book offers an overview of the fundamentals of vectors, matrices, and linear systems theory required for intelligent diagnosis and prognosis of industrial networked systems. Building on this theory, it then develops automated mathematical machineries and formal decision software tools for real-world applications. The book includes portable tool sets for many industrial applications, including: Forecasting machine tool wear in industrial cutting machines Reduction of sensors and features for industrial fault detection and isolation (FDI) Identification of critical resonant modes in mechatronic systems for system design of R&D Probabilistic small-signal stability in large-scale interconnected power systems Discrete event command and control for military applications The book also proposes future directions for intelligent diagnosis and prognosis in energy-efficient manufacturing, life cycle assessment, and systems of systems architecture. Written in a concise and accessible style, it presents tools that are mathematically rigorous but not involved. Bridging academia, research, and industry, this reference supplies the know-how for engineers and managers making decisions about equipment maintenance, as well as researchers and students in the field.
With the rapid growth of Cloud computing, the size of Cloud data is expanding at a dramatic speed. A huge amount of data is generated and processed by Cloud applications, putting a higher demand on cloud storage. While data reliability should already be a requirement, data in the Cloud needs to be stored in a highly cost-effective manner. This book focuses on the trade-off between data storage cost and data reliability assurance for big data in the Cloud. Throughout the whole Cloud data lifecycle, four major features are presented: first, a novel generic data reliability model for describing data reliability in the Cloud; second, a minimum replication calculation approach for meeting a given data reliability requirement to facilitate data creation; third, a novel cost-effective data reliability assurance mechanism for big data maintenance, which could dramatically reduce the storage space needed in the Cloud; fourth, a cost-effective strategy for facilitating data creation and recovery, which could significantly reduce the energy consumption during data transfer. Captures data reliability with variable disk rates and compares virtual to physical disks Offers methods for reducing cloud-based storage cost and energy consumption Presents a minimum replication benchmark for data reliability requirements to evaluate various replication-based data storage approaches
This book, the result of a landmark colloquium held in Korea to reflect on the role of education in Korean society, provides fascinating insights into the interplay of political evolution and pedagogy. Korea has gone from one of the world's poorest societies after the Korean War to one of its richest, and is a home of technological innovation; many attribute this ‘Korean Miracle’ to the emphasis placed on education in this Confucian society. How did the Korean state form, and how were educational institutions created and given legitimacy? During the industrialization period- roughly, 1961-1994- how did education foster national development? Lastly, since 1995's May 31 Education Reform, how has the educational system responded to and created a new information age in a newly democratic Korea? This book will be of interest to East Asian scholars, scholars of education, human resources development, and IT, and historians looking for ways to achieve the ‘Korean Miracle’ in their own countries.
Power systems are evolving towards the Smart Grid paradigm, featured by large-scale integration of renewable energy resources, e.g. wind and solar power, deeper participation of demand side, and enhanced interaction with electric vehicles. While these emerging elements are inherently stochastic in nature, they are creating a challenge to the system’s stability and its control. In this context, conventional analysis tools are becoming less effective, and necessitate the use alternative tools that are able to deal with the high uncertainty and variability in the smart grid. Smart Grid initiatives have facilitated wide-spread deployment of advanced sensing and communication infrastructure, e.g. phasor measurement units at grid level and smart meters at household level, which collect tremendous amount of data in various time and space scales. How to fully utilize the data and extract useful knowledge from them, is of great importance and value to support the advanced stability assessment and control of the smart grid. The intelligent system strategy has been identified as an effective approach to meet the above needs. This book presents the cutting-edge intelligent system techniques and their applications for stability assessment and control of power systems. The major topics covered in this book are: Intelligent system design and algorithms for on-line stability assessment, which aims to use steady-state operating variables to achieve fast stability assessment for credible contingencies. Intelligent system design and algorithms for preventive stability control, which aims at transparent and interpretable decision-making on preventive control actions to manipulate system operating condition against possible contingencies. Intelligent system design and algorithms for real-time stability prediction, which aims to use synchronized measurements to foresee the stability status under an ongoing disturbance. Intelligent system design and algorithms for emergency stability control, which aims at fast decision-making on stability control actions at emergency stage where instability is propagating. Methodologies and algorithms for improving the robustness of intelligent systems against missing-data issues. This book is a reference and guide for researchers, students, and engineers who seek to study and design intelligent systems to resolve stability assessment and control problems in the smart grid age.
Moore's Law predicts that the degree of microprocessor integration of circuits would double every 18 months in DRAM. Although the scaling of microelectronic circuit elements still follows Moore's Law, the unit density of power consumption becomes unacceptable. Therefore, on one hand, people develop continuously the microelectronic technology. On the other, people consider the developing road after Moore's rule is broken. This book introduces theories and experiments of quantum transport and intends to provide foundations of semiconductor micro- and nano electronics for after the Moore age.
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Computation and Storage in the Cloud is the first comprehensive and systematic work investigating the issue of computation and storage trade-off in the cloud in order to reduce the overall application cost. Scientific applications are usually computation and data intensive, where complex computation tasks take a long time for execution and the generated datasets are often terabytes or petabytes in size. Storing valuable generated application datasets can save their regeneration cost when they are reused, not to mention the waiting time caused by regeneration. However, the large size of the scientific datasets is a big challenge for their storage. By proposing innovative concepts, theorems and algorithms, this book will help bring the cost down dramatically for both cloud users and service providers to run computation and data intensive scientific applications in the cloud. Covers cost models and benchmarking that explain the necessary tradeoffs for both cloud providers and users Describes several novel strategies for storing application datasets in the cloud Includes real-world case studies of scientific research applications Covers cost models and benchmarking that explain the necessary tradeoffs for both cloud providers and users Describes several novel strategies for storing application datasets in the cloud Includes real-world case studies of scientific research applications
This book begins by explaining key concepts in programming, and elaborates on characteristic of class, including inheritance, derivation and polymorphism. It also introduces generic programming and Standard Template Library, I/O Stream Library and Exception Handling. The concepts and methods are illustrated via examples step by step, making the book an essential reading for beginners to C++ programming.
This SpringerBrief presents a survey of data center network designs and topologies and compares several properties in order to highlight their advantages and disadvantages. The brief also explores several routing protocols designed for these topologies and compares the basic algorithms to establish connections, the techniques used to gain better performance, and the mechanisms for fault-tolerance. Readers will be equipped to understand how current research on data center networks enables the design of future architectures that can improve performance and dependability of data centers. This concise brief is designed for researchers and practitioners working on data center networks, comparative topologies, fault tolerance routing, and data center management systems. The context provided and information on future directions will also prove valuable for students interested in these topics.
This volume is meant to be a retrospective look at the field of Comparative Literature as it has developed in the past two decades, as well as a reflection on its future direction if it is to remain relevant (and innovative) as a field of study. From its inception in the second half of the twentieth century, Comparative Literature in the US has been conceived as a cross-disciplinary, cross-national, and crosscultural enterprise that brings together theoretical developments in the Humanities and Social Sciences to reflect on the most important intellectual and cultural trends from a comparative perspective through the lens of literary studies. Most of the founders of Comparative Literature were distinguished European scholars who sought a safe haven from the ravages of World War II and its aftermath and who, understandably focused on the Western literary, intellectual and cultural tradition, which at the time was in danger of being annihilated by the onslaught of Fascism and Communism. With the advent of the age of globalization the field of Comparative Literature has become increasingly diverse and must, therefore, be reoriented and recognized accordingly.
Dynamics of Materials: Experiments, Models and Applications addresses the basic laws of high velocity flow/deformation and dynamic failure of materials under dynamic loading. The book comprehensively covers different perspectives on volumetric law, including its macro-thermodynamic basis, solid physics basis, related dynamic experimental study, distortional law, including the rate-dependent macro-distortional law reflecting strain-rate effect, its micro-mechanism based on dislocation dynamics, and dynamic experimental research based on the stress wave theory. The final section covers dynamic failure in relation to dynamic damage evolution, including the unloading failure of a crack-free body, dynamics of cracks under high strain-rate, and more. Covers models for applications, along with the fundamentals of the mechanisms behind the models Tackles the difficult interdisciplinary nature of the subject, combining macroscopic continuum mechanics with thermodynamics and macro-mechanics expression with micro-physical mechanisms Provides a review of the latest experimental methods for the equation of state for solids under high pressure and the distortional law under high strain-rates of materials
Crazy! The one who caught him was his fiancée, and the one who called him a beauty was his old classmate. Even the beautiful landlady who was with him everyday was a pawn planted by someone else! Humph! Playing tricks? It's my forte to play dumb and play the pig to eat the tiger. Competing on courage and insight? Fighting, saving the beauty, that is my specialty! It was a combination of handsome and strong, tyrannical and rogue. This was the most qualified prince consort in the modern city ... [Previous Chapter] [Table of Contents] [Next Chapter]
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