How and why do changes happen when and where they do? Is it possible to explain changes that occurred centuries ago? These are the central questions addressed in this book, in which the author argues that the development of numerous features of medieval (and modern) Spanish can best be explained as the results of koineization, a process in which mixing among speakers of different dialects leads to the rapid formation of a new mixed and generally simplified variety. The book includes a complete introduction to koineization and detailed study of three stages of dialect mixing in medieval Spanish.
Pronunciaciones del español es una introducción accesible a la fonética y la fonología del español que destaca la diversidad de pronunciaciones empleadas en el mundo hispanohablante. Con explicaciones claras y gráficos detallados, este libro guía al estudiante en el aprendizaje de conceptos claves de fonética articulatoria y acústica. El libro presta especial atención a la variación sociolingüística, a partir de ejemplos que cubren pronunciaciones típicas de variedades estándares y de variedades generalmente consideradas no normativas. Una abundante selección de ejercicios y actividades permite al estudiante reforzar la comprensión de conceptos claves y practicar las pronunciaciones comentadas. Un glosario bilingüe (español-inglés), archivos de audio y recursos pedagógicos se encuentran disponibles en línea en www.routledge.com/9781138657540. El libro es idóneo para estudiantes que inician estudios al nivel avanzado de español y de lingüística hispánica y que buscan familiarizarse con las pronunciaciones de diferentes variedades de español. Pronunciaciones del español is an accessible introduction to the linguistic diversity of Spanish phonetics and phonology. With clear explanations and detailed illustrations, this book guides students through key concepts in articulatory and acoustic phonetics. Particular attention is paid throughout to sociolinguistic variation, with examples covering pronunciations typical of standard varieties as well as varieties generally considered to be non-normative. A rich array of exercises and activities allow students to reinforce understanding of key concepts and practice the pronunciations as described. A bilingual glossary, accompanying audio files and teaching resources are available online at www.routledge.com/9781138657540. This book is ideal for advanced students of Spanish and Hispanic Linguistics, looking to develop familiarity with the pronunciation of different varieties of Spanish.
A New York Times bestseller! For the first time in his own words, President-elect Donald J. Trump explains his plan to make America great again! He wants to “put America’s interests first—and that means doing what’s right for our economy, our national security, and our public safety.” Throughout the 2016 campaign, Trump conjured images of American strength and culture when small towns boomed with industry, mom and pop shops bustled, and people said, “Merry Christmas!” The media scoffed at Trump’s vision and the people who supported him; they were blinded by the Clinton machine. But their eyes were opened after Trump won 62 million votes and the Oval Office. Even Republican House Speaker Paul Ryan said, “Donald Trump heard a voice in this country that no one else heard.” As Trump says in Time to Get Tough, “I’ve built businesses across the globe. I’ve dealt with foreign leaders. I’ve created tens of thousands of American jobs. My whole life has been about executing deals and making real money—massive money. That’s what I do for a living: make big things happen…” Trump is about to make the biggest deals of his life, and he’s going to make them for America! From reversing lax immigration policies to eliminating regulations that restrict small businesses, Donald Trump understands that America “doesn’t need cowardice, it needs courage.” President Elect Trump is about to “Make America Great Again” and Time to Get Tough is his blueprint!
President Donald J. Trump lays out his professional and personal worldview in this classic work—a firsthand account of the rise of America’s foremost deal-maker. “I like thinking big. I always have. To me it’s very simple: If you’re going to be thinking anyway, you might as well think big.”—Donald J. Trump Here is Trump in action—how he runs his organization and how he runs his life—as he meets the people he needs to meet, chats with family and friends, clashes with enemies, and challenges conventional thinking. But even a maverick plays by rules, and Trump has formulated time-tested guidelines for success. He isolates the common elements in his greatest accomplishments; he shatters myths; he names names, spells out the zeros, and fully reveals the deal-maker’s art. And throughout, Trump talks—really talks—about how he does it. Trump: The Art of the Deal is an unguarded look at the mind of a brilliant entrepreneur—the ultimate read for anyone interested in the man behind the spotlight. Praise for Trump: The Art of the Deal “Trump makes one believe for a moment in the American dream again.”—The New York Times “Donald Trump is a deal maker. He is a deal maker the way lions are carnivores and water is wet.”—Chicago Tribune “Fascinating . . . wholly absorbing . . . conveys Trump’s larger-than-life demeanor so vibrantly that the reader’s attention is instantly and fully claimed.”—Boston Herald “A chatty, generous, chutzpa-filled autobiography.”—New York Post
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