Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 1,7, University of Freiburg, course: Proseminar (Terrorism in Hollywood Movies), 9 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Christian Metz stated that a film is difficult to explain because it is easy to understand. (qtd. in Buckland & Elsaesser: 1). I will analyse the film Collateral Damage, directed by Andrew Davis, in terms of its context and how it is portrayed technically. My aim is to show Arnold Schwarzenegger's development, how Collateral Damages represents a turning point in the history of action movies Arnold took part in, and how he has changed from a muscle shirt wearing daredevil and killing machine to a family man with moral values. Therefore, I will start to look at a couple of important action movies in which Arnold Schwarzenegger plays a leading role and after that, I will compare the differences of the former Arnold and the Arnold we see in Collateral Damage. To realise this, I will focus on Schwarzenegger's behaviour and the way, Andrew Davis represents the fire-fighter and his emotions. In the end, I will give a short conclusion regarding Arnold's rise from rags to riches and how he represents an irreplaceable icon not only in the history of action movies during the last three decades. Everybody knows the Australian guy 'Arnie' alias Arnold Schwarzenegger. The first role in the movie Hercules in New York owes Arnold his career as a bodybuilder and his enormous size. Released in 1970, Arnold - at this time known as Arnold Strong - plays a mythological toga clad Hercules. Arnold takes part in a weight-lifting competition; he becomes a wrestler, rides his chariot through Times Square, descends into hell and gets mixed up with gangsters. In contrast to Collateral Damage, Arthur Allan Seidelman, the director of Hercules in New York, focuses on Schwarzenegger's muscle mass. In 1982, John Milius creates the
Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: 1,7, University of Freiburg, course: Country Houses, 14 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: K.W. Gransden has noted the significance of Ruth Wilcox's answer to Margaret's comment that a house "cannot stand by bricks and mortar alone". The first Mrs. Wilcox replies, "It cannot stand without them." According to Gransden, there is a persistent note of misgiving on Forster's part about this. It is more than nostalgia. The opening description of the house at Howards End begins the statement of a large and complex architectural metaphor, which is extended throughout the novel. Hardy states that buildings, and the design of them, the architectural character of a civilization, would seem to be in Foster's mind fundamentally related to its character of manners and morals. From my point of view, it is important to look at the houses in Forster's Howards End more closely. In this term paper I will show in what way Forster associates certain housing conditions with special types of characters, and to what extent he thinks housing conditions influence the way people behave and what inference he draws as to where to live. I will focus on the three main parties namely the Wilcoxes, the Schlegels and the Basts and I will show where the characters live and in which way their economic status is reflected in their housing conditions. Furthermore, I will try to emphasize Forster's position towards housing at the beginning of the 20th century. It can be said that there are portrayed three different types of houses in Howards End. Firstly the country houses, secondly the houses of the urban lower middle class and finally the London town houses. My aim is to show that there are fundamental differences between these types of houses. Furthermore, I want to prove that the narrator distinguishes the houses' quality(ies?) among themselves. After that, I will talk
What are emotions? How do they arise? How do they relate to other mental and bodily states? And what is their specific structure? The book discusses these questions, focusing on medieval and early modern theories. It looks at a great number of authors, ranging from Aquinas to Spinoza, and shows that they gave sophisticated accounts of human emotions. They were particularly interested in the way we cope with our emotions: how we can change or perhaps even overcome them? To answer this question, medieval and early modern philosophers looked at the cognitive content of emotions, for they were all convinced that we need to work on that content if we want to change them. The book therefore pays particular attention to the intimate relationship between theories of emotions and theories of cognition. Moreover, the book emphasizes the importance of the metaphysical framework for medieval and early modern theories of emotions. It was a transformation of this framework that made new theories possible. Starting with an analysis of the Aristotelian framework, the book then looks at skeptical, dualist and monist frameworks, and it examines how the nature of emotions was explained in each of them. The discussion also takes the theological and scientific context into account, for changes in this context quite often gave rise to new problems - problems that concerned the love of God, the joy of resurrected souls, or the fear arising in a soul that is present in a body. All of these problems are examined on the basis of close textual analysis.
In light of increased vertical specialization and the dominance of trade in intermediates rather than final goods, this paper seeks to raise awareness of the limitations of traditional trade measures on a gross output basis. To do so, this paper uses the WIOD, a world input output table, as an alternative trade measure to analyze the role of six newly industrialized economies in global value chains. The differences between measures on a gross output basis and value added basis are striking. Export shares measured by both methods differed by more than 20 percent for some industries. These findings highlight the need for more sophisticated world input output data to form a better understanding of global trade dynamics and country interdependencies.
The book addresses the problem of calculation of d-dimensional integrals (conditional expectations) in filter problems. It develops new methods of deterministic numerical integration, which can be used to speed up and stabilize filter algorithms. With the help of these methods, better estimates and predictions of latent variables are made possible in the fields of economics, engineering and physics. The resulting procedures are tested within four detailed simulation studies.
Illicit work, social security fraud, economic crime and other shadow economy activities are fast becoming an international problem. This second edition uses new data to reassess currency demand and the model approach to estimate the size of the shadow economy in 151 developing, transition, and OECD countries. This updated edition argues that during the 2000s the average size of the shadow economy varied from 19 per cent of GDP for OECD countries, to 30 per cent for transition countries, to 45 per cent for developing countries. It examines the causes and consequences of this development using an integrated approach to explain deviant behaviour that combines findings from economic, sociological, and psychological research. The authors suggest that increasing taxation and social security contributions, rising state regulatory activities, and the decline of the tax morale are all driving forces behind this growth, and they propose a reform of state public institutions in order to improve the dynamics of the official economy.
Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject American Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2, University of Freiburg, course: Proseminar I, 12 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Ho and Platt (1993:1) argue that Singaporean English is a particularly interesting indigenized, or nativized, speech variety because it is so widely used and fills so many functions. I can confirm Ho and Platt's statement, since I was in Singapore in 2004. It was not difficult to notice Singapore English as a speech variety. This sparked my interest in participating in the proseminar 'English in Singapore' and consequently in researching into a certain grammatical phenomenon in Singapore English, namely the passive voice. In this term paper, a short analysis of the two passive structures specific to Colloquial Singapore English (the so-called kena passive and the give passive) will be presented. Further on, we the get passive will be examined. We will show that give- and kena-constructions are derived from the languages of Chinese and Malay, respectively. The bigger part of this paper will be to examine the overall frequencies thereof. Which of the two passive constructions will be closer in structure to the standard form? A personal analysis will help us to answer this question, always with the hidden desire to finally come up with a reasonable conclusion towards the end of the paper. We will probably have a winner of the competing substrate form and we will hopefully find out which passive construction is the most productive one in Singapore English. Moreover, we want to compare the frequency of the kena-passive with the getpassive's frequency in a corpus-based analysis. Admittedly, the corpus-based study will be relatively restrictive and not quite large in size. In addition, the give-passive will be ignored due to its rarity. Further on, we want to compare passive voice in Singapore with the passive in Standard English. To manage this, after having presented the develo
Intelligent technologies are the essential factors of innovation, and enable the industry to overcome technological limitations and explore the new frontiers. Therefore it is necessary for scientists and practitioners to cooperate and inspire each other, and use the latest research results in creating new designs and products. The idea of this book came out with the industrial workshop organized at the ISMIS conference in Warsaw, 2011. The book covers several applications of emerging, intelligent technologies in various branches of the industry. The contributions describe modern intelligent tools, algorithms and architectures, which have the potential to solve real problems, experienced by practitioners in various industry sectors. We hope this volume will show new directions for cooperation between science and industry and will facilitate efficient transfer of knowledge in the area of intelligent information systems.
In order to manage the transition towards a sustainable future electricity system, an in-depth understanding of the key technological, economic, environmental and societal drivers for electricity markets is required. Suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, this textbook provides an overview of these drivers and introduces readers to major economic models and empirical evidence for the study of electricity markets and systems. Readers will learn about electricity generation, demand, transport, and storage, as well as the fundamentals of grid and electricity markets in Europe. By introducing them to state-of-the-art models from operations research and economics, the book provides a solid basis for analytical insights and numerical modeling. Furthermore, the book discusses the policy instruments and design choices for electricity market regulation and sustainable power system development, as well as the current challenges for smart energy systems.
Learn to use modeling and simulation methods to attack real-world problems, from physics to engineering, from life sciences to process engineering Reviews of the first edition (2009): "Perfectly fits introductory modeling courses [...] and is an enjoyable reading in the first place. Highly recommended [...]" Zentralblatt MATH, European Mathematical Society, 2009 "This book differs from almost all other available modeling books in that [the authors address] both mechanistic and statistical models as well as 'hybrid' models. [...] The modeling range is enormous." SIAM Society of Industrial and Applied Mathematics, USA, 2011 This completely revised and substantially extended second edition answers the most important questions in the field of modeling: What is a mathematical model? What types of models do exist? Which model is appropriate for a particular problem? What are simulation, parameter estimation, and validation? What kind of mathematical problems appear and how can these be efficiently solved using professional free of charge open source software? The book addresses undergraduates and practitioners alike. Although only basic knowledge of calculus and linear algebra is required, the most important mathematical structures are discussed in sufficient detail, ranging from statistical models to partial differential equations and accompanied by examples from biology, ecology, economics, medicine, agricultural, chemical, electrical, mechanical, and process engineering. About 200 pages of additional material include a unique chapter on virtualization, Crash Courses on the data analysis and programming languages R and Python and on the computer algebra language Maxima, many new methods and examples scattered throughout the book, an update of all software-related procedures, and a comprehensive book software providing templates for typical modeling tasks in thousands of code lines. The book software includes GmLinux, an operating system specifically designed for this book providing preconfigured and ready-to-use installations of OpenFOAM, Salome, FreeCAD/CfdOF workbench, ParaView, R, Maxima/wxMaxima, Python, Rstudio, Quarto/Markdown and other free of charge open source software used in the book.
The linear and nonlinear resonance behaviour of optical antennas (metallic nanostructures showing resonance behaviour at optical frequencies) made of gold and aluminum using electron-beam lithography is investigated. Specifically, it is of interest how the emission behaviour is changed by the coupling of two antenna arms via a small gap. Experimental techniques applied include dark-field spectroscopy and two-photon luminescence.
Optofluidics. Process Analytical Technology offers in its 2nd edition a distinctive foundational introduction to the realms of materials, photonics, fluidics, and sensors. The work serves to unify the disparate disciplines, integrating the requisite fundamental knowledge with applied science. It thus establishes a new standard and definition for both the academic and industrial fields. It encompasses the requisite in-depth knowledge of smart materials, semiconductor processing, optical waveguiding and fluid dynamics. The objective of this distinctive publication is to present information in a readily comprehensible format that can be readily applied in everyday situations. It is truly interdisciplinary but not overloading with information, providing the highly required and relevant information to become an expert in this exciting area, which is gaining more and more relevance and recognition in the context of sensing, material science and automation in biotechnology and pharmaceutical manufacturing. The concept of the book is to serve as a textbook for advanced beginners from all life science, engineering and physics disciplines, providing self-assessment questions and further reading recommendations for further guidance and in-depth learning.
At the cross-roads of biology, microfluidics and photonics the field of optofluidics allows for quick and compact solutions for medical and biochemical sensing and manipulation. This book is concerned with the ingredients for a polymer-based platform which is able to culture and pattern life cells for a sufficient period of time, enables the integration of photonic devices, and provides means to integrate electronic readout. Thus – in its cross-discipline approach – it touches on aspects of photonics, nanofabrication, and biological methods alike.
Dominik Nußmann comprehensively analyzes the coinsurance effect of corporate diversification by first providing a structured review of all relevant findings presented in the financial economics and accounting literature. Based on this review, he examines important accounting and economic implications of the coinsurance effect by means of two comprehensive empirical analyses. In particular, he finds that diversified firms benefit from coinsurance through financial as well as accounting synergies which entail considerable value-enhancing potentials.
In this work, initially, the requirements on a simulation model of the non-isothermal stamp forming process of unidirectional fiber-reinforced, and thermoplastic tape laminates are investigated experimentally. On this basis, different isothermal as well as a fully coupled thermomechanical simulation model under consideration of the crystallization kinetics are developed. For validation, a complex shaped geometry is simulated and compared to experimental forming results.
This dissertation demonstrates that graphics processors (GPUs) as representatives of emerging many-core architectures are very well-suited for the fast and accurate solution of large, sparse linear systems of equations, using parallel multigrid methods on heterogeneous compute clusters. Such systems arise for instance in the discretisation of (elliptic) partial differential equations with finite elements. Fine-granular parallelisation techniques and methods to ensure accuracy are developed that enable at least one order of magnitude speedup over highly-tuned conventional CPU implementations, without sacrificing neither accuracy nor functionality.
When the scientific study of the Black Sea Region began in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, initially commissioned by adjacent powers such as the Habsburg and the Russian empires, this terra incognita was not yet considered part of Europe. The eighteen chapters of this volume show a broad range of thematic foci and theoretical approaches - the result of the enormous richness of the European macrocosm and the BSR. The microcosms of the many different case studies under scrutiny, however, demonstrate the historical dimension of exchange between the allegedly opposite poles of `East' and `West' and underscore the importance of mutual influences in the development of Europe and the BSR.
Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2, University of Freiburg, course: The Syntax and Semantics of the English Verb Phrase, 38 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Blake states that Shakespeare is like food and that we take both very much for granted. It is only when we come across a passage of particular intensity in a play that we question how the language has been employed to achieve that result, just as it is only for exotic dishes that we enquire about the ingredients (1983:1). It is definitely astonishing how the English Language has been influenced by this incredible playwright and poet. However, it is noticeable that the English Language has changed significantly since the Renaissance. Baugh and Cable (1993:235) argue that "the English grammar in the 16th and early 17th century is marked more by the survival of certain forms, constructions and usages that have since [then] disappeared than by any fundamental developments". Therefore, I want to show that the syntax of the verb phrase has changed since Elizabethan times. To achieve this, I will compare verb phrases in this term paper which occur in some of Shakespeare's plays with Modern English verb phrases. First of all, I will define the term "verb phrase". After that we will focus on transitive and intransitive verbs. Transitivity and intransitivity will be examined - and we will analyze how its usage has changed since Shakespearian times. Thirdly, I will talk about impersonal verbs and afterwards we will study reflexive verbs and the mediopassive. Finally, the passive, inchoative and reflexive meaning of transitive verbs will be discussed. The focus will be on the change or the disappearance of these constructions which occurred between the 16th century and today. I will use some Shakespearian plays which will provide a basis in order to illustrate and to underline my arguments.
Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 1,7, University of Freiburg, course: Proseminar (Terrorism in Hollywood Movies), 9 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Christian Metz stated that a film is difficult to explain because it is easy to understand. (qtd. in Buckland & Elsaesser: 1). I will analyse the film Collateral Damage, directed by Andrew Davis, in terms of its context and how it is portrayed technically. My aim is to show Arnold Schwarzenegger's development, how Collateral Damages represents a turning point in the history of action movies Arnold took part in, and how he has changed from a muscle shirt wearing daredevil and killing machine to a family man with moral values. Therefore, I will start to look at a couple of important action movies in which Arnold Schwarzenegger plays a leading role and after that, I will compare the differences of the former Arnold and the Arnold we see in Collateral Damage. To realise this, I will focus on Schwarzenegger's behaviour and the way, Andrew Davis represents the fire-fighter and his emotions. In the end, I will give a short conclusion regarding Arnold's rise from rags to riches and how he represents an irreplaceable icon not only in the history of action movies during the last three decades. Everybody knows the Australian guy 'Arnie' alias Arnold Schwarzenegger. The first role in the movie Hercules in New York owes Arnold his career as a bodybuilder and his enormous size. Released in 1970, Arnold - at this time known as Arnold Strong - plays a mythological toga clad Hercules. Arnold takes part in a weight-lifting competition; he becomes a wrestler, rides his chariot through Times Square, descends into hell and gets mixed up with gangsters. In contrast to Collateral Damage, Arthur Allan Seidelman, the director of Hercules in New York, focuses on Schwarzenegger's muscle mass. In 1982, John Milius creates the
Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 1,7, University of Freiburg, course: Mexicans in the US, language: English, abstract: In this term paper, negative stereotypes of Mexicans and Chicanos in the U.S. media will be examined. These stereotypes include violent, criminal and vile behavior while wearing a wide-brimmed sombrero with a bottle of tequila in hand. Why do they exist? What are the reasons for this? Berg argues that one prominent source for the dominant stereotype of Chicanos is the media, primarily the globally dominant U.S. media, and specifically – though not exclusively – Hollywood movies. According to the psychologist Yueh-Ting Lee, “stereotypes are probabilistic belief [which we] use to categorize people, objects, and events and we have to have them in order to deal with all the information in a world with which we are often uncertain as well as unfamiliar.” A dangerous character is ascribed to stereotypes when we consider Bower’s statement that stereotyping can be seen as a “breeding soil for errant generalizations about others that easily [merge] into racism, sexism, and other forms of bigotry.” Since a complete presentation of the existing stereotypes would stretch the point, I will focus on the most popular stereotypes ascribed to Chicanos. Furthermore, the origin of these negative stereotypes towards this minority will be analysed. In order to explore this, I will place emphasis on stereotypes in American news, movies and in advertisement. Last but not least, I will talk about multicultural picture books and stereotypes therein. In the first part of this term paper, I will talk about blurred coverage in American news. Syque states that in creating stereotypes “we often mistakenly assume things are correlated when they are not; when we make this mistake, we will find ways to ‘prove’ it or simply believe and assert the correlation.” This is called illusory correlation. The problem of this psychological phenomenon will be connected with partial coverage, which can cause stereotypes. In the second part, the presence of Chicanos and their language in American movies will be scrutinized. Thereby, the phenomenon of the so-called ‘Mock Spanish’, which describes a variety of usages common in some otherwise monolingual Anglo-American circles, will psychologically be clarified using the social identity theory. Stereotypes in advertisement are discussed in the third section. A reference to the Mexican bandit stereotype will be shown by the ‘Frito Bandito’ which was the name of an advertising campaign in the seventies. In the final section, negative stereotypes in one of the most famous American picture books will be analyzed. Bunting’s “A day’s work” will serve as a prime example of pitfalls, which come up when confronting young children with such stereotypes. The result is an implicit stereotyping.
Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: 1,7, University of Freiburg, course: Country Houses, language: English, abstract: K.W. Gransden has noted the significance of Ruth Wilcox’s answer to Margaret’s comment that a house “cannot stand by bricks and mortar alone”. The first Mrs. Wilcox replies, “It cannot stand without them.” According to Gransden, there is a persistent note of misgiving on Forster’s part about this. It is more than nostalgia. The opening description of the house at Howards End begins the statement of a large and complex architectural metaphor, which is extended throughout the novel. Hardy states that buildings, and the design of them, the architectural character of a civilization, would seem to be in Foster’s mind fundamentally related to its character of manners and morals. From my point of view, it is important to look at the houses in Forster’s Howards End more closely. In this term paper I will show in what way Forster associates certain housing conditions with special types of characters, and to what extent he thinks housing conditions influence the way people behave and what inference he draws as to where to live. I will focus on the three main parties namely the Wilcoxes, the Schlegels and the Basts and I will show where the characters live and in which way their economic status is reflected in their housing conditions. Furthermore, I will try to emphasize Forster’s position towards housing at the beginning of the 20th century. It can be said that there are portrayed three different types of houses in Howards End. Firstly the country houses, secondly the houses of the urban lower middle class and finally the London town houses. My aim is to show that there are fundamental differences between these types of houses. Furthermore, I want to prove that the narrator distinguishes the houses’ quality(ies?) among themselves. After that, I will talk about the standpoint Forster takes towards the houses’ quality when he shows whether they possess life, spirit or souls. Additionally, I will illustrate some of the popular concepts and current views of Forster’s time concerning the people’s various housing conditions. I will exemplify the narrator’s preferences where one should live by taking a closer look at a couple of statements about living in the countryside versus living in the city as well as living in houses versus living in flats. In the end, I will examine the author’s choice about the ideal place to live for Margaret Schlegel – his heroine – and I will try to explain to what degree this solution is realistic within the logic of the Forster’s Howards End.
Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject American Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2, University of Freiburg, course: Proseminar I, 12 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Ho and Platt (1993:1) argue that Singaporean English is a particularly interesting indigenized, or nativized, speech variety because it is so widely used and fills so many functions. I can confirm Ho and Platt's statement, since I was in Singapore in 2004. It was not difficult to notice Singapore English as a speech variety. This sparked my interest in participating in the proseminar 'English in Singapore' and consequently in researching into a certain grammatical phenomenon in Singapore English, namely the passive voice. In this term paper, a short analysis of the two passive structures specific to Colloquial Singapore English (the so-called kena passive and the give passive) will be presented. Further on, we the get passive will be examined. We will show that give- and kena-constructions are derived from the languages of Chinese and Malay, respectively. The bigger part of this paper will be to examine the overall frequencies thereof. Which of the two passive constructions will be closer in structure to the standard form? A personal analysis will help us to answer this question, always with the hidden desire to finally come up with a reasonable conclusion towards the end of the paper. We will probably have a winner of the competing substrate form and we will hopefully find out which passive construction is the most productive one in Singapore English. Moreover, we want to compare the frequency of the kena-passive with the getpassive's frequency in a corpus-based analysis. Admittedly, the corpus-based study will be relatively restrictive and not quite large in size. In addition, the give-passive will be ignored due to its rarity. Further on, we want to compare passive voice in Singapore with the passive in Standard English. To manage this, after having presented the develo
The book addresses the problem of calculation of d-dimensional integrals (conditional expectations) in filter problems. It develops new methods of deterministic numerical integration, which can be used to speed up and stabilize filter algorithms. With the help of these methods, better estimates and predictions of latent variables are made possible in the fields of economics, engineering and physics. The resulting procedures are tested within four detailed simulation studies.
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