This book describes a communication paradigm that could shape the future of wireless communication networks, Opportunistic Spectrum Access (OSA) in Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN). While several theoretical OSA approaches have been proposed, they are challenged by the practical limitations of cognitive radios: the key enabling technology of OSA. This book presents an unprecedented formulation of the OSA problem in CNR that takes into account the practical limitations encountered due to existing technologies. Based on such a problem formulation, this book presents a framework and protocol details implementing the analytically-optimized solution of this problem. Unlike the state-of-the-art of CRN implementations that typically target software define radios which are not suitable for real systems, this book describes the implementation of distributed OSA, using practical radio transceiver technologies. It provides a thorough characterization of the gains available to theoretical OSA approaches if the practical limitations are taken into consideration. Tackles the cognitive radio networks performance optimization problem, taking into account the practical limitations of today’s technologies; Provides thorough performance evaluation in arbitrary, large-scale networks, as well as microscopic, small-scale performance evaluation, using realistic hardware implementation; Presents an empirical study of the gains available over existing techniques by adopting practical approaches; Tackles the cognitive radio networks performance optimization problem, taking into account the practical limitations of today’s technologies; Provides thorough performance evaluation in arbitrary, large-scale networks, as well as microscopic, small-scale performance evaluation, using realistic hardware implementation; Presents an empirical study of the gains available over existing techniques by adopting practical approaches;
9th International Conference, NEW2AN 2009 and Second Conference on Smart Spaces, RuSMART 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia, September 15-18, 2009, Proceedings
9th International Conference, NEW2AN 2009 and Second Conference on Smart Spaces, RuSMART 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia, September 15-18, 2009, Proceedings
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Next Generation Teletraffic and Wired/Wireless Advanced Networking, NEW2AN 2009, held in conjunction with the Second Conference on Smart Spaces, ruSMART 2009 in St. Petersburg, Russia, in September 2009. The 32 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 82 submissions. The NEW2AN papers are organized in topical sections on teletraffic issues; traffic measurements, modeling, and control; peer-to-peer systems; security issues; wireless networks: ad hoc and mesh; and wireless networks: capacity and mobility. The ruSMART papers start with an invited talk followed by 10 papers on smart spaces.
Small-angle scattering of X-rays (SAXS) and neutrons (SANS) is an established method for the structural characterization of biological objects in a broad size range from individual macromolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, lipids) to large macromolecular complexes. SAXS/SANS is complementary to the high resolution methods of X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance, allowing for hybrid modeling and also accounting for available biophysical and biochemical data. Quantitative characterization of flexible macromolecular systems and mixtures has recently become possible. SAXS/SANS measurements can be easily performed in different conditions by adding ligands or binding partners, and by changing physical and/or chemical characteristics of the solvent to provide information on the structural responses. The technique provides kinetic information about processes like folding and assembly and also allows one to analyze macromolecular interactions. The major factors promoting the increasingly active use of SAXS/SANS are modern high brilliance X-ray and neutron sources, novel data analysis methods, and automation of the experiment, data processing and interpretation. In this book, following the presentation of the basics of scattering from isotropic macromolecular solutions, modern instrumentation, experimental practice and advanced analysis techniques are explained. Advantages of X-rays (rapid data collection, small sample volumes) and of neutrons (contrast variation by hydrogen/deuterium exchange) are specifically highlighted. Examples of applications of the technique to different macromolecular systems are considered with specific emphasis on the synergistic use of SAXS/SANS with other structural, biophysical and computational techniques.
The Diagnosis of Writing in a Second or Foreign Language is a comprehensive survey of diagnostic assessment of second/foreign language (SFL) writing. In this innovative book, a compelling case is made for SFL writing as an individual, contextual, and multidimensional ability, combining several theoretically informed approaches upon which to base diagnosis. Using the diagnostic cycle as the overarching framework, the book starts with the planning phase, cover design, development, and delivery of diagnostic assessment, ending with feedback and feed-forward aspects to feed diagnostic information into the teaching and learning process. It covers means to diagnose both the writing processes and products, including the design and development of diagnostic tasks and rating scales, as well as automated approaches to assessment. Also included is a range of existing instruments and approaches to diagnosing SFL writing. Addressing large-scale as well as classroom contexts, this volume is useful for researchers, teachers, and educational policy-makers in language learning.
This transformative account of early modern intellectual life culminates with new interpretations of two of its leading minds: Pierre Bayle and Isaac Newton.
Magnetospheric MHD Oscillations A groundbreaking new theory of the magnetosphere The magnetosphere is the region around Earth in which our planet’s magnetic field exerts its influence to trap charged particles. Waves in this magnetosphere, known as magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) oscillations, are caused by interactions between these charged particles, Solar wind pulses, and the magnetic field. The predictable interval between these oscillations enables them to serve as tools for understanding the magnetospheric plasma which comprises the field. Magnetospheric MHD Oscillations offers a comprehensive overview of the theory underlying these waves and their periodicity. Emphasizing the spatial structure of the oscillations, it advances a theory of MHD oscillation that promises to have significant ramifications in astronomy and beyond. Magnetospheric MHD Oscillations readers will also find: Theorizing of direct relevance to current satellite missions, such as THEMIS and the Van Allen Probe In-depth discussion of topics including Alfven resonance, waveguides in plasma filaments, and many more Detailed appendices including key calculations and statistical parameters Magnetospheric MDH Oscillations is ideal for plasma physicists, theoretical physicists, applied mathematicians, and advanced graduate students in these and related subfields.
Delving into the comprehensive evolution of Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs), this innovative book traces their origins and transition into modern forms such as Security Token Offerings, Initial Exchange Offerings, Initial DEX Offerings, and Non-Fungible Tokens. It provides an in-depth analysis of the factors behind the appeal of ICOs, the complex ecosystem surrounding them, and the key developments within the blockchain and cryptocurrency space.
The leading national security expert who predicted Putin’s intention to invade Ukraine argues that China’s Xi Jinping is preparing to conquer Taiwan in the coming years—with dire stakes for America and the world if he is not deterred We are fully in the midst of Cold War II, this time with China. Taiwan is a new West Berlin, a perilous strategic flashpoint where localized events could trigger a devastating war between nuclear powers. But this outcome is far from inevitable. Laying out the grand strategy for the United States and allies to avoid this fate, the highly respected security analyst Dmitri Alperovitch reveals key actions that could enable America to win the race for the twenty-first century. This sharp, timely book is the essential blueprint for preventing a catastrophe.
This book describes a communication paradigm that could shape the future of wireless communication networks, Opportunistic Spectrum Access (OSA) in Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN). While several theoretical OSA approaches have been proposed, they are challenged by the practical limitations of cognitive radios: the key enabling technology of OSA. This book presents an unprecedented formulation of the OSA problem in CNR that takes into account the practical limitations encountered due to existing technologies. Based on such a problem formulation, this book presents a framework and protocol details implementing the analytically-optimized solution of this problem. Unlike the state-of-the-art of CRN implementations that typically target software define radios which are not suitable for real systems, this book describes the implementation of distributed OSA, using practical radio transceiver technologies. It provides a thorough characterization of the gains available to theoretical OSA approaches if the practical limitations are taken into consideration. Tackles the cognitive radio networks performance optimization problem, taking into account the practical limitations of today’s technologies; Provides thorough performance evaluation in arbitrary, large-scale networks, as well as microscopic, small-scale performance evaluation, using realistic hardware implementation; Presents an empirical study of the gains available over existing techniques by adopting practical approaches; Tackles the cognitive radio networks performance optimization problem, taking into account the practical limitations of today’s technologies; Provides thorough performance evaluation in arbitrary, large-scale networks, as well as microscopic, small-scale performance evaluation, using realistic hardware implementation; Presents an empirical study of the gains available over existing techniques by adopting practical approaches;
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