High-order numerical methods for hyperbolic conservation laws do not guarantee the validity of constraints that physically meaningful approximations are supposed to satisfy. The finite volume and finite element schemes summarized in this book use limiting techniques to enforce discrete maximum principles and entropy inequalities. Spurious oscillations are prevented using artificial viscosity operators and/or essentially nonoscillatory reconstructions.An introduction to classical nonlinear stabilization approaches is given in the simple context of one-dimensional finite volume discretizations. Subsequent chapters of Part I are focused on recent extensions to continuous and discontinuous Galerkin methods. Many of the algorithms presented in these chapters were developed by the authors and their collaborators. Part II gives a deeper insight into the mathematical theory of property-preserving numerical schemes. It begins with a review of the convergence theory for finite volume methods and ends with analysis of algebraic flux correction schemes for finite elements. In addition to providing ready-to-use algorithms, this text explains the design principles behind such algorithms and shows how to put theory into practice. Although the book is based on lecture notes written for an advanced graduate-level course, it is also aimed at senior researchers who develop and analyze numerical methods for hyperbolic problems.
Addressing students and researchers as well as practitioners of scientific computing, this book describes the state of the art in the development of high-resolution schemes based on the Flux-Corrected Transport (FCT) paradigm. Intended for readers who have a solid background in Computational Fluid Dynamics, the book begins with a historical note by D.L. Book. Review articles then describe various algorithmic aspects (efficient implementation of the proposed high-resolution schemes, choice of parameters and other practical tips). The topics addressed in the book and its main highlights include: the derivation and analysis of classical FCT schemes emphasizing the physical and mathematical constraints as well as flux limiting for hyperbolic systems; its generalization to implicit time-stepping and finite element discretizations on unstructured meshes; applications to Monotonically Integrated Large Eddy Simulation (MILES) of turbulent flows and for designing alternative high-resolution schemes. Further material concerns clipping and terracing, the use of characteristic variables in multidimensions and the discussions on prelimiting/steepening, 'failsafe' adjustment, and iterative flux correction. Many numerical examples are presented as academic test problems and large-scale applications alike. TOC:The Conception, Gestation, Birth and Infancy of FCT.- On the Design of Flux-Corrected Transport Algorithms.- 30 Years of FCT: Status and Directions; On Monotonically Integrated Large Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Flows Based on FCT Algorithms.- Large Scale Urban Simulation with FCT.- Algebraic Flux Correction I. Scalar Conservation Laws.- Algebraic Flux Correction II. Compressible Euler Equations.- Algebraic Flux Correction III. Incompressible Flow Problems
This informal introduction to computational fluid dynamics and practical guide to numerical simulation of transport phenomena covers the derivation of the governing equations, construction of finite element approximations, and qualitative properties of numerical solutions, among other topics. To make the book accessible to readers with diverse interests and backgrounds, the authors begin at a basic level and advance to numerical tools for increasingly difficult flow problems, emphasizing practical implementation rather than mathematical theory. Finite Element Methods for Computational Fluid Dynamics: A Practical Guide explains the basics of the finite element method (FEM) in the context of simple model problems, illustrated by numerical examples. It comprehensively reviews stabilization techniques for convection-dominated transport problems, introducing the reader to streamline diffusion methods, Petrov?Galerkin approximations, Taylor?Galerkin schemes, flux-corrected transport algorithms, and other nonlinear high-resolution schemes, and covers Petrov?Galerkin stabilization, classical projection schemes, Schur complement solvers, and the implementation of the k-epsilon turbulence model in its presentation of the FEM for incompressible flow problem. The book also describes the open-source finite element library ELMER, which is recommended as a software development kit for advanced applications in an online component.
The present book outlines a new approach to possibilistic clustering in which the sought clustering structure of the set of objects is based directly on the formal definition of fuzzy cluster and the possibilistic memberships are determined directly from the values of the pairwise similarity of objects. The proposed approach can be used for solving different classification problems. Here, some techniques that might be useful at this purpose are outlined, including a methodology for constructing a set of labeled objects for a semi-supervised clustering algorithm, a methodology for reducing analyzed attribute space dimensionality and a methods for asymmetric data processing. Moreover, a technique for constructing a subset of the most appropriate alternatives for a set of weak fuzzy preference relations, which are defined on a universe of alternatives, is described in detail, and a method for rapidly prototyping the Mamdani’s fuzzy inference systems is introduced. This book addresses engineers, scientists, professors, students and post-graduate students, who are interested in and work with fuzzy clustering and its applications
He reflects on the years after his release from prison and the events leading up to the Second World War. His powerful recollection of the blockade of Leningrad provides the reader with a horrific insight into the harsh effects of war, hunger and survival. Likhachev goes on to describe post-war Russia and how his own livelihood developed from literary editor to a return to Leningrad University as Professor of History. This compelling autobiography finishes with Likhachev's return to Solovki as a free man."--BOOK JACKET.
The war in Georgia. Tensions with Ukraine and other nearby countries. Moscow's bid to consolidate its "zone of privileged interests" among the Commonwealth of Independent States. These volatile situations all raise questions about the nature of and prospects for Russia's relations with its neighbors. In this book, Carnegie scholar Dmitri Trenin argues that Moscow needs to drop the notion of creating an exclusive power center out of the post-Soviet space. Like other former European empires, Russia will need to reinvent itself as a global player and as part of a wider community. Trenin's vision of Russia is an open Euro-Pacific country that is savvy in its use of soft power and fully reconciled with its former borderlands and dependents. He acknowledges that this scenario may sound too optimistic but warns that the alternative is not a new version of the historic empire but instead is the ultimate marginalization of Russia.
Named a Top Five Book of 2011 by Physics Today, USA.The BCS theory of superconductivity developed in 1957 by Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer has been remarkably successful in explaining the properties of superconductors. In addition, concepts from BCS have been incorporated into diverse fields of physics, from nuclear physics and dense quark matter to the current standard model. Practical applications include SQUIDs, magnetic resonance imaging, superconducting electronics and the transmission of electricity. This invaluable book is a compilation of both a historical account and a discussion of the current state of theory and experiment.With contributions from many prominent scientists, it aims to introduce students and researchers to the origins, the impact and the current state of the BCS theory.
Addressing students and researchers as well as practitioners of scientific computing, this book describes the state of the art in the development of high-resolution schemes based on the Flux-Corrected Transport (FCT) paradigm. Intended for readers who have a solid background in Computational Fluid Dynamics, the book begins with a historical note by D.L. Book. Review articles then describe various algorithmic aspects (efficient implementation of the proposed high-resolution schemes, choice of parameters and other practical tips). The topics addressed in the book and its main highlights include: the derivation and analysis of classical FCT schemes emphasizing the physical and mathematical constraints as well as flux limiting for hyperbolic systems; its generalization to implicit time-stepping and finite element discretizations on unstructured meshes; applications to Monotonically Integrated Large Eddy Simulation (MILES) of turbulent flows and for designing alternative high-resolution schemes. Further material concerns clipping and terracing, the use of characteristic variables in multidimensions and the discussions on prelimiting/steepening, 'failsafe' adjustment, and iterative flux correction. Many numerical examples are presented as academic test problems and large-scale applications alike. TOC:The Conception, Gestation, Birth and Infancy of FCT.- On the Design of Flux-Corrected Transport Algorithms.- 30 Years of FCT: Status and Directions; On Monotonically Integrated Large Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Flows Based on FCT Algorithms.- Large Scale Urban Simulation with FCT.- Algebraic Flux Correction I. Scalar Conservation Laws.- Algebraic Flux Correction II. Compressible Euler Equations.- Algebraic Flux Correction III. Incompressible Flow Problems
This informal introduction to computational fluid dynamics and practical guide to numerical simulation of transport phenomena covers the derivation of the governing equations, construction of finite element approximations, and qualitative properties of numerical solutions, among other topics. To make the book accessible to readers with diverse interests and backgrounds, the authors begin at a basic level and advance to numerical tools for increasingly difficult flow problems, emphasizing practical implementation rather than mathematical theory.?Finite Element Methods for Computational Fluid Dynamics: A Practical Guide?explains the basics of the finite element method (FEM) in the context of simple model problems, illustrated by numerical examples. It comprehensively reviews stabilization techniques for convection-dominated transport problems, introducing the reader to streamline diffusion methods, Petrov?Galerkin approximations, Taylor?Galerkin schemes, flux-corrected transport algorithms, and other nonlinear high-resolution schemes, and covers Petrov?Galerkin stabilization, classical projection schemes, Schur complement solvers, and the implementation of the k-epsilon turbulence model in its presentation of the FEM for incompressible flow problem. The book also describes the open-source finite element library ELMER, which is recommended as a software development kit for advanced applications in an online component.?
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