While Mies van der Rohe’s pavilion at the International Exposition in Barcelona in 1929 went unnoticed by most of the visitors to the fairgrounds, contemporary critics enthusiastically hailed it as the most convincing statement of the Modern Age. This book presents 100 selected texts about this much discussed building, written then and now: from the opening speech by the Spanish king, to newspaper articles and private letters, voices of contemporary architects, architecture critics and historians, and even a text by artist Ai Weiwei, who created an installation in the outdoor area of the pavilion in 2010. Thus the history of this building’s reception depicts a dazzling picture and inconceivable breadth, including statements by such eminent authors as Frank Lloyd Wright, Leonardo Benevolo, Rem Koolhaas, Peter Eisenman.
With the temporary exhibition pavilion of the German Reich at the 1929 International Exposition in Barcelona, Mies van der Rohe designed an architectural icon, but also a controversial monument of the way the Weimar Republic portrayed itself. The building is one of the most unusual success stories in the history of architecture: Despite its short existence, its reputation grew steadily in the following decades, thanks in part to magnificent photographs. It was soon considered the constructed manifesto of the Modern Age, and its spatial and "ideational" ambitions were called "a milestone of Modern architecture." This comprehensively, broadly researched book portrays the building?s complex history and its political entanglement?up to and including its reconstruction according to van der Rohe?s plans at the original site between 1983 and 1986.
In the last few years several of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe's buildings were restored. Of all things, the meticulousness of the structural details, which was always so important to Mies when he devised his designs, is absent in many cases of restored Mies buildings today. In the exhibition in Heerlen, the curator Andrea Croé does not address the broad spectrum of Mies?s structures that have been restored or converted, but rather focuses on the five major exemplary edifices: The exhibition showcases five current best-practice examples in Europe and the United States. Chicago is represented by Crown Hall on the IIT campus, the neighboring Robert F. Carr Memorial Chapel, and the apartment high-rises on Lake Shore Drive. From Europe two pre-War projects were selected whose subsequent use could scarcely be greater in contrast: Whereas Villa Tugendhat in Brno, having been restored as far as possible to its original state, was turned into a museum, the Verseidag production and warehouse buildings in Krefeld, some of which are still ruins while others are in the process of being restored, will soon be the heart of a new business park for creatives.00Exhibition: Schunck Glaspaleis, Heerlen, The Netherlands (10.04.-07.08.2016).
This volume gives an overview of the recent representative developments in relativistic and non-relativistic quantum theory, which are related to the application of various mathematical notions of various symmetries. These notions are centered upon groups, algebras and their generalizations, and are applied in interaction with topology, differential geometry, functional analysis and related fields. The emphasis is on results in the following areas: foundation of quantum physics, quantization methods, nonlinear quantum mechanics, algebraic quantum field theory, gauge and string theories, discrete spaces, quantum groups and generalized symmetries.
This definitive introduction to finite element methods has been updated thoroughly for this third edition, which features important new material for both research and application of the finite element method. The discussion of saddle point problems is a highlight of the book and has been elaborated to include many more non-standard applications. The chapter on applications in elasticity now contains a complete discussion of locking phenomena." "Graduate students who do not necessarily have any particular background in differential equations, but require an introduction to finite element methods, will find the text invaluable. Specifically, the chapter on finite elements in solid mechanics provides a bridge between mathematics and engineering."--BOOK JACKET.
This book brings together some of the world's leading experts to present an interdisciplinary, critical perspective on current issues surrounding the economics of the firms. It eschews standard approaches to the economics of the firm (including analysis of transaction costs) in favour of a more interdisciplinary outlook, with evolutionary economics taken into account. Central to this is the concept of trust and the belief that any approach to the firm must recognize cultural and political factors. The chapters emphasize the themes of change and evolution and explore issues arising from the history and organization of firms. An important book, with contributions from Bart Nooteboom, Stavros Ioannides and Werner Holzl, this is an invaluable resource for postgraduate students of economics.
This fascinating and most timely critical medical anthropology study successfully binds two still emergent areas of contemporary anthropological research in the global world: the nature and significant impact of multinational pharmaceutical manufacturers on human social life everywhere, and the contribution of corporations to the fast-paced degradation of our life support system, planet Earth. . . . Focusing on a pharmaceutically-impacted town on the colonized island of Puerto Rico, Dietrich ably demonstrates the value of ethnography carried out in small places in framing the large issues facing humanity." —Merrill Singer, University of Connecticut The production of pharmaceuticals is among the most profitable industries on the planet. Drug companies produce chemical substances that can save, extend, or substantially improve the quality of human life.However, even as the companies present themselves publicly as health and environmental stewards, their factories are a significant source of air and water pollution--toxic to people and the environment. In Puerto Rico, the pharmaceutical industry is the backbone of the island’s economy: in one small town alone, there are over a dozen drug factories representing five multinationals, the highest concentration per capita of such factories in the world. It is a place where the enforcement of environmental regulations and the public trust they ensure are often violated in the name of economic development. The Drug Company Next Door unites the concerns of critical medical anthropology with those of political ecology, investigating the multi-faceted role of pharmaceutical corporations as polluters, economic providers, and social actors. Rather than simply demonizing the drug companies, the volume explores the dynamics involved in their interactions with the local community and discusses the strategies used by both individuals and community groups to deal with the consequences of pollution. The Drug Company Next Door puts a human face on a growing set of problems for communities around the world. Accessible and engaging, the book encourages readers to think critically about the role of corporations in everyday life, health, and culture.
The first stand-alone textbook for at least ten years on this increasingly hot topic in times of global climate change and sustainability in ecosystems. Ecological biochemistry refers to the interaction of organisms with their abiotic environment and other organisms by chemical means. Biotic and abiotic factors determine the biochemical flexibility of organisms, which otherwise easily adapt to environmental changes by altering their metabolism. Sessile plants, in particular, have evolved intricate biochemical response mechanisms to fit into a changing environment. This book covers the chemistry behind these interactions, bottom up from the atomic to the system's level. An introductory part explains the physico-chemical basis and biochemical roots of living cells, leading to secondary metabolites as crucial bridges between organisms and the respective ecosystem. The focus then shifts to the biochemical interactions of plants, fungi and bacteria within terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems with the aim of linking biochemical insights to ecological research, also in human-influenced habitats. A section is devoted to methodology, which allows network-based analyses of molecular processes underlying systems phenomena. A companion website offering an extended version of the introductory chapter on Basic Biochemical Roots is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/Krauss/Nies/EcologicalBiochemistry
The School of Journalism at Columbia University has awarded the Pulitzer Prize since 1917. Nowadays there are prizes in 21 categories from the fields of journalism, literature and music. The Pulitzer Prize Archive presentsthe history of this award from its beginnings to the present: In parts A toE the awarding oftheprize in each category is documented, commented and arranged chronologically. Part F covers the history of the prize biographically and bibliographically. Part G provides the background to thedecisions.
This long-awaited biography of Fritz Haber, now abridged by the author and translated into English, illuminates the life of one of the most gifted yet controversial figures of the 20th century. Haber was a pioneer in electrochemistry and thermodynamics and won the Nobel Prize for his synthesis of ammonia, a process essential for both fertilizer and explosives. His dedication to work spurred his efforts to increase support for scientific study in Germany; yet it also helped cause the breakdown of his two marriages. His ardent patriotism led him to develop chemical weapons for World War I and to try to extract gold from seawater, to help pay for Germany's huge war reparations. Yet Haber, a Jew by birth, was exiled from his homeland in 1933 by the Nazi party and died shortly after.
Socialist Reformers and the Collapse of the German Democratic Republic explores a neglected aspect of the collapse of Communism in the former East Germany. It focuses on the East Germans' enthusiastic support for re-unification and the transfer of West Germany's political and economic institutions to the East, ignoring those in the German Democratic Republic who wanted to 'reform' socialism within, not destroy it. Their aim was to preserve an independent German Democratic Republic that would pursue an alternative 'third way' between Western capitalism and Stalinist repression. Their vision was a 'better, more beautiful' socialism instead of the 'push and shove society' that they associated with Western capitalism. In their view the 'better, more beautiful' socialism would combine the Western ideals of individual freedom with Marxist concept of collective decision-making and shared wealth. The reformers failed, of course, but their ideas and activities in the fall of 1989 are an essential part of the story that led to present-day Germany.
This book deals with the statistical theory of strongly coupled Coulomb systems. After an elementary introduction to the physics of nonideal plasmas, a presentation of the method of (nonequilibrium) Green's functions is given. On this basis, the dielectric, thermodynamic, transport, and relaxation properties are discussed systematically. Especially, the behavior of bound states in the surrounding plasma (lowering of the ionization energy), the ionization kinetics, and the equation of state of dense partially ionized hydrogen are each carefully investigated. Furthermore, generalized kinetic equations are derived which are also valid for short time scales. They are applied to ultra-fast processes and to plasmas in laser fields.
First published in 1997, this volume builds its discussion on a technological base along with policy implications, and constitutes a review of the current situation in international security created by the Cold War, and how the end of the Cold War is likely to change the situation. As the close of the Cold War created a multitude of changes in international security, resulting in a broad range of topics tackled in this collection. It features specialists in military technology, physics, political science, public and international affairs.
Winner of the 2022 CHOICE Outstanding Academic Titles This book surveys and examines the most famous philosophical arguments against building a machine with human-level intelligence. From claims and counter-claims about the ability to implement consciousness, rationality, and meaning, to arguments about cognitive architecture, the book presents a vivid history of the clash between the philosophy and AI. Tellingly, the AI Wars are mostly quiet now. Explaining this crucial fact opens new paths to understanding the current resurgence AI (especially, deep learning AI and robotics), what happens when philosophy meets science, and the role of philosophy in the culture in which it is embedded. Organising the arguments into four core topics - 'Is AI possible', 'Architectures of the Mind', 'Mental Semantics and Mental Symbols' and 'Rationality and Creativity' - this book shows the debate that played out between the philosophers on both sides of the question, and, as well, the debate between philosophers and AI scientists and engineers building AI systems. Up-to-date and forward-looking, the book is packed with fresh insights and supporting material, including: - Accessible introductions to each war, explaining the background behind the main arguments against AI - Each chapter details what happened in the AI wars, the legacy of the attacks, and what new controversies are on the horizon. - Extensive bibliography of key readings
God and Humanity in Auschwitz synthesizes the findings of research developed over the last thirty years on the rise of anti-Semitism in our civilization. Donald J. Dietrich sees the Holocaust as a case study of how prejudice has been theologically enculturated. He suggests how it may be controlled by reducing aggressive energy before it becomes overwhelming. Dietrich studies the recent responses of Christian theologians to the Holocaust and the Jewish theological response to questions concerning God's covenant with Israel, which were provoked by Auschwitz. Social science has dealt with the psychosocial dynamics that have supported genocide and helps explain how ordinary persons can produce extraordinary evil. Dietrich shows how this research, combined with theological analyses, can help reconfigure theology itself. Such an approach may serve to help dissolve anti-Semitism, to aid in constructing such positive values as respect for human dignity, and to point the way to restricting future outbreaks of genocide. God and Humanity in Auschwitz surveys which religious factors created a climate that permitted the Holocaust. It also illuminates what social science has to tell us about developing a strategy that, when institutionally implemented, can channel our energies away from sanctioned murder toward a more compassionate society. The book has proven to be an essential resource for theologians, sociologists, historians, and political theorists.
Although the Socialist or Social Democractic parties played a key role in West European politics during the quarter century after the Second World War, they have been studied far less than their political rivals, the Christian Democrats. The story of West European Social Democracy after 1945 begins with a dilemma: Democratic marxism, which had been the parties' ideological and organizational principle until the Second World War, was becoming politically irrelevant. The three parties analyzed here represent the spectrum of reactions among Social Democratic parties to this realization. The debate over the parties' programs and ideologies did not, of course, take place in a vacuum: the author devotes considerable space to a comparative analysis of the parties' leaders and organizational structures as well as the evolution of Social Democratic domestic and foreign policies. Immensely readable, this book not only offers an in-depth analysis of the postwar period crucial for the history of Social Democracy but also, because of its cross-national treatment of these three major parties, adds significantly to our understanding of the processes of European integration and the evolution of the Atlantic Alliance.
The rapid growth of the world population - nearly six-fold over the last hundred years - combined with the rising number of technical installations especially in the industrialized countries has lead to ever tighter and more strained living spaces on our planet. Because ofthe inevitable processes oflife, man was at first an exploiter rather than a careful preserver of the environment. Environmental awareness with the intention to conserve the environment has grown only in the last few decades. Environmental standards have been defined and limit values have been set largely guided, however, by scientific and medical data on single exposures, while public opinion, on the other hand, now increasingly calls for astronger consideration of the more complex situations following combined exposures. Furthermore, it turned out that environmental standards, while necessarily based on scientific data, must also take into account ethical, legal, economic, and sociological aspects. A task of such complexity can only be dealt with appropriately in the framework of an inter disciplinary group.
This book tells the story of the power generation gas turbine from the perspective of one of the leading companies in the field over a period of nearly 100 years, written by an engineer. Especially in times of imminent global economic crises it appears to be worthwhile to reflect on real economic values based on engineering ingenuity and enduring management of technological leadership. Though the book is primarily designed as a technical history of the BBC/ABB/Alstom power generation gas turbines, its scope is sufficiently broad to cover general development trends, including parallel competitor activities. A special benefit is the historical breakdown to the gas turbine component level, so that the book actually outlines the development of axial compressors from early beginnings, the progress in combustion technology towards extraordinary low emission values and that of axial turbines with special emphasis on early turbine cooling innovations. The sheer length of certain engineering developments over several decades allows interesting historic observations and deductions on inherent business mechanisms, the effects of technology preparations and organisational consequences. A look into the mirror of the past provides revelations on the impact of far-reaching business decisions.
In this work, a part of the Old Testament Library series, Horst Preuss provides a comprehensive analysis of the theology of the Old Testament. He focuses on a detailed assessment of Israel's responses to God's acts of election and covenant with them as a people. The Old Testament Library provides fresh and authoritative treatments of important aspects of Old Testament study through commentaries and general surveys. The contributors are scholars of international standing.
Inhaltsangabe:Introduction: Detected on the US market centuries ago, underpricing is the phenomenon of abnormal first-day returns from initial public offerings (IPOs). Without doubt, any US investor would agree, that one day-returns of 11.4% on average are exceptional and a worthwhile investment. Since then many studies have proven that it is a persistent phenomenon and also occurs on markets all over the world. The most puzzling question for scientists is why companies are leaving this money on the table and don t set an offering price that reflects the market demand at the offering date. Within that, researchers have also been trying to determine the factors that influence the severity of underpricing. Many different explanations with regard to the existence of underpricing have been derived thus far, with all claiming to be valid even if not exclusively. But despite this effort, research so far has not been able to create common sense. Some even argue that underpricing may not exist at all since most IPOs underperform severely in the long-run which leads some people to the conclusion that IPOs are in fact overpriced. The main focus of this paper is whether and how the findings of past research, primarily conducted for the US market, apply to the German IPO market. As a result, both investors and issuers shall receive practical implications for their decision-making within the IPO process. So far, profound underpricing research for the German market has been rather scarce. Most of the available literature concentrates either on dates before 1997 when most offering prices have been determined by using the fixed price mechanism whereas the most recent studies focus on the German stock exchange segment Neuer Markt exclusively. In contrast, this paper aims to give a more recent analysis of underpricing on the German market without distinguishing between different market segments. Additionally, a broad over-view and understanding of IPO underpricing, taking the long-run performance of IPOs into account, will be included. As a result, this paper is structured as follows: The second section consists of a description of some of the important theoretical aspects that have influence on the price setting of an IPO. It will concentrate on business valuation as it is the basis for setting the price of an IPO. Furthermore, the most common price setting mechanisms shall be explained. Additionally, the special role of the lead underwriter in the IPO [...]
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