A New Forum for International Holocaust Research. European Holocaust Studies (EHS) publishes key international research results on the murder of the European Jews and its wider contexts. This new English-language yearbook primarily aims to bring together and provide higher visibility to research contributions produced across different countries and institutions. It also strives to promote international exchange, especially among scholars from North America, Europe, and Israel. The EHS issues are thematic. Each issue features a selection of peer-reviewed research articles, which offer novel perspectives on the main theme. Further sections include a discussion of key documents and a selection of research project descriptions related to the overall topic, as well as a literature review or essay dealing with historiographical debates on the subject.
The invention ofthe laser 25years ago resulted in powerfullight sources which led to the observation of unexpected and striking phenomena. New fields of science such as holography and nonlinear optics developed constituting the basis of this volume. The classical principle of linear superposition of light wavesdoes not hold anymore. Two laser beams crossing in a suitable material may produce a set of new beams with different directions and frequencies. The interaction of light waves can be understood by considering the optical grating structures which develop in the overlap region. The optical properties of matter become spatially modulated in the interference region of two light waves. Permanent holographic gratings have been produced in this way by photographic processes for many years. In contrast, dynamic or transient gratings disappear after the inducing light source, usually a laser, has been switched off. The grating amplitude is controlled by the light intensity. Dynamic gratings have been induced in a large number ofsolids, liquids, and gases, and are detected by diffraction, 'forced light scattering' of a third probing beam, or by self-diffraction of the light waves inducing the grating. The combined interference and diffraction effect corresponds to four-wave mixing (FWM) in the language of nonlinear optics. The process is called degenerate ifthe frequenciesofthe three incident wavesand the scattered wave are equal. Degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) is a simple method to achieve phase conjugation, i.e. to generate a wave which propagates time reversed with respect to an incident wave.
A New Forum for International Holocaust Research. European Holocaust Studies (EHS) publishes key international research results on the murder of the European Jews and its wider contexts. This new English-language yearbook primarily aims to bring together and provide higher visibility to research contributions produced across different countries and institutions. It also strives to promote international exchange, especially among scholars from North America, Europe, and Israel. The EHS issues are thematic. Each issue features a selection of peer-reviewed research articles, which offer novel perspectives on the main theme. Further sections include a discussion of key documents and a selection of research project descriptions related to the overall topic, as well as a literature review or essay dealing with historiographical debates on the subject.
This book explores one of the most notorious aspects of the German system of oppression in wartime Poland: the only purpose-built camp for children under the age of 16 years in German-occupied Europe. The camp at Przemysłowa street, or the Polen-Jugendverwahrlager der Sicherheitspolizei in Litzmannstadt as the Germans called it, was a concentration camp for children. The camp at Przemysłowa existed for just over two years, from December 1942 until January 1945. During that time, an unknown number of children, mainly Polish nationals, were imprisoned there and subjected to extreme physical and emotional abuse. For almost all, the consequences of atrocities which they endured in the camp remained with them for the rest of their lives. This book focuses on the establishment of the camp, the experience of the child prisoners, and the post-war investigations and trials. It is based on contemporary German documents, post-war Polish trials and German investigations, as well as dozens of testimonies from camp survivors, guards, civilian camp staff and the camp leadership
Since the end of World War II, Germans have struggled with the legacy of the Wehrmacht—the unified armed forces mobilized by Adolf Hitler in 1935 to ensure the domination of the Third Reich in perpetuity. Historians have vigorously debated whether the Wehrmacht's atrocities represented a break with the past or a continuation of Germany's military traditions. Now available for the first time in English, this meticulously researched yet accessible overview by eminent historian Rolf-Dieter Müller provides the most comprehensive analysis of the organization to date, illuminating its role in a complex, horrific era. Müller examines the Wehrmacht's leadership principles, organization, equipment, and training, as well as the front-line experiences of soldiers, airmen, Waffen SS, foreign legionnaires, and volunteers. He skillfully demonstrates how state-directed propaganda and terror influenced the extent to which the militarized Volksgemeinschaft (national community) was transformed under the pressure of total mobilization. Finally, he evaluates the army's conduct of the war, from blitzkrieg to the final surrender and charges of war crimes. Brief acts of resistance, such as an officers' "rebellion of conscience" in July 1944, embody the repressed, principled humanity of Germany's soldiers, but ultimately, Müller concludes, the Wehrmacht became the "steel guarantor" of the criminal Nazi regime.
The aim of the series is to present new and important developments in pure and applied mathematics. Well established in the community over two decades, it offers a large library of mathematics including several important classics. The volumes supply thorough and detailed expositions of the methods and ideas essential to the topics in question. In addition, they convey their relationships to other parts of mathematics. The series is addressed to advanced readers wishing to thoroughly study the topic. Editorial Board Lev Birbrair, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil Walter D. Neumann, Columbia University, New York, USA Markus J. Pflaum, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA Dierk Schleicher, Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany Katrin Wendland, University of Freiburg, Germany Honorary Editor Victor P. Maslov, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Titles in planning include Yuri A. Bahturin, Identical Relations in Lie Algebras (2019) Yakov G. Berkovich and Z. Janko, Groups of Prime Power Order, Volume 6 (2019) Yakov G. Berkovich, Lev G. Kazarin, and Emmanuel M. Zhmud', Characters of Finite Groups, Volume 2 (2019) Jorge Herbert Soares de Lira, Variational Problems for Hypersurfaces in Riemannian Manifolds (2019) Volker Mayer, Mariusz Urbański, and Anna Zdunik, Random and Conformal Dynamical Systems (2021) Ioannis Diamantis, Boštjan Gabrovšek, Sofia Lambropoulou, and Maciej Mroczkowski, Knot Theory of Lens Spaces (2021)
This mini-encyclopedia contains more than 1,500 alphabetical entries from the entire field of peptide science in one handy volume, as well as the technical terms, acronyms and concepts used in peptide chemistry. It also features the complete sequence of more than 800 peptides, numerous illustrations and numerous cross-references. Areas covered include: - biological peptides and small proteins - peptide hormones - pharmaceutical peptides - peptide antibiotics - peptide inhibitors - peptide reagents - peptide tags - structural classes - synthesis and purification - analytical methods - proteomics and peptidomics. Condensed yet accessible, only essential information is displayed, extensively linked via references to the recent scientific literature for further study.
Der "Sewald/Jakubke" ist und bleibt das einzige moderne, auf dem neuesten wissenschaftlichen Stand gehaltene fortgeschrittene Lehrbuch der Peptid-Biochemie! Auch für diese zweite, um ein Viertel erweitere Auflage haben die Autoren Hunderte von Publikationen gelesen und zu einem informativen und vollständigen Überblick über das Fachgebiet zusammengefasst. Nach einer Einführung in die Grundlagen der Peptidstruktur und -synthese werden die wichtigsten Familien biologisch aktiver Peptide systematisch abgehandelt. Mit interdisziplinärem Anspruch werden dann wichtige Anwendungen aus der Biotechnologie, Pharmazie und Biomedizin besprochen. Selbstverständlich werden auch Themen der Spitzenforschung berücksichtigt, zum Beispiel Pseudopeptide, Peptidmimetika und Aspekte der kombinatorischen Synthese. -- Neu in dieser Auflage sind Fragen und Übungsaufgaben, die das Nacharbeiten von Vorlesungen oder das Selbststudium erleichtern.
The aim of this book is to explain the basic concepts and phenomena of quantum mechanics by means of visualisation. Computer-generated illustrations in color are used extensively throughout the text, helping to establish the relation between quantum mechanics—wave functions, interference, atomic structure, and so forth—and classical physics—point mechanics, statistical mechanics, and wave optics. Even more important, by studying the pictures in parallel with the text, readers develop an intuition for such notoriously abstract phenomena as: the tunnel effect excitation and decay of metastable states wave-packet motion within a well systems of distinguishable and indistinguishable particles free wave packets and scattering in 3 dimensions angular-momentum decomposition stationary bound states in various 3-dimensional potentials hybrid states Kepler motion of wave packets in the Coulomb field spin and magnetic resonance Illustrations from experiments in a variety of fields, including chemistry, and molecular, atomic, nuclear, and particle physics, underline the basic as well as the practical importance of quantum mechanics. In the present, fourth edition all computer graphics are presented in full colour. It also contains additional physics topics such as hybridisation.
The main focus of the book are the physical mechanisms behind the spontaneous formation of ordered nanostructures at semiconductor surfaces. These mechanisms are at the root of recent breakthroughs in advanced nanotechnology of quantum-wire and quantum-dot fabrication. Generic theoretical models are presented addressing formation of all basic types of nanostructures, including periodically faceted surfaces, arrays of step-bunches of equal heights and single- and multi-sheet arrays of both 2- and 3-D strained islands. Decisive experiments on both structural and optical characterization of nanostructures are discussed to verify theoretical models and link them to practical examples.
Intended for a one semester course in optics for advanced undergraduates in science and engineering, this book uses Mathcad(R) scripts to provide a simulated laboratory where students can learn by exploration and discovery instead of passive absorption. The text covers all the standard topics of a traditional optics course and contains step-by-step derivations of all basic formulas in geometrical, wave and Fourier optics. The three-fold arrangement of text, applications, and files makes the book suitable for "self-learning". The basic text is supplemented by over 170 dynamic Mathcad files, each suggesting programs to solve a particular problem, and each linked to a topic in or application of optics.
The clearest and most complete non-mathematical study of light available—with updated material and a new chapter on digital photography. Finally, a book on the physics of light that doesn’t require advanced mathematics to understand. Seeing the Light is the most accessible and comprehensive study of optics and light on the market. With a focus on conceptual study, Seeing the Light leaves the heavy-duty mathematics behind, instead using practical analogies and simple empirical experiments to teach the material. Each chapter is a self-contained lesson, making it easy to learn about specific optical concepts without having to read the whole book over. Inside you’ll find clear and easy-to-understand explanations of topics including: Processes of vision and the eye Atmospherical optical phenomena Color perception and illusions Color in nature and in art Digital photography Holography And more Diagrams, photos, and illustrations help bring difficult concepts to life, and optional sections at the ends of chapters explore the more advanced aspects of each topic. A truly one-of-a-kind book for physics students and teachers, this updated edition of Seeing the Light is not to be missed.
This book describes the research of the authors over more than a decade on an end-to-end methodology for the design and development of Web Information Systems (WIS). It covers syntactics, semantics and pragmatics of WIS, introduces sophisticated concepts for conceptual modelling, provides integrated foundations for all these concepts and integrates them into the co-design method for systematic WIS development. WIS, i.e. data-intensive information systems that are realized in a way that arbitrary users can access them via web browsers, constitute a prominent class of information systems, for which acceptance by its a priori unknown users in varying contexts with respect to the presented content, the ease of functionality provided and the attraction of the layout adds novel challenges for modelling, design and development. This book is structured into four parts. Part I, Web Information Systems – General Aspects, gives a general introduction to WIS describing the challenges for their development, and provides a characterization by six decisive aspects: intention, usage, content, functionality, context and presentation. Part II, High-Level WIS Design – Strategic Analysis and Usage Modelling with Storyboarding, introduces methods for high-level design of WIS covering strategic aspects and the storyboarding method, which is discussed from syntactic, semantic and pragmatic perspectives. Part III, Conceptual WIS Design – Rigorous Modelling of Web Information Systems and their Layout with Web Interaction Types and Screenography, continues with conceptual design of WIS including layout and playout. This introduces the decisive web interaction types, the screenography method and adaptation aspects. The final Part IV, Rationale of the Co-Design Methodology and Systematic Development of Web Information Systems, describes the co-design method for WIS development and its application for the systematic engineering of systems. The book addresses the research community, and at the same time can be used for education of graduate students and as methodological support for professional WIS developers. For the WIS research community it provides methods for WIS modelling on all levels of abstraction including theoretical foundations and inference mechanisms as well as a sophisticated end-to-end methodology for systematic WIS engineering from requirements elicitation over conceptual modelling to aspects of implementation, layout and playout. For students and professional developers the book can be used as a whole for educational courses on WIS design and development, as well as for more specific courses on conceptual modelling of WIS, WIS foundations and reasoning, co-design and WIS engineering or WIS layout and playout development.
Da die Nachfrage nach immer schnelleren und kleineren Halbleiterbauelementen stetig wächst, sind Quanten-Dots und -Pyramiden rasant in den Mittelpunkt der Halbleiterforschung gerückt. Dieses Buch vermittelt einen umfassenden Überblick über den aktuellen Forschungsstand auf diesem Gebiet. Behandelt werden u.a. Fragen, wie Strukturen aufgebaut, wie sie charakterisiert werden und wie sie die Leistungsfähigkeit der Bauelemente bestimmen. (11/98)
Drawing on a wealth of new sources, this work documents the evolving relationship between Moscow and Peking in the twentieth century. Using newly available Russian and Chinese archival documents, memoirs written in the 1980s and 1990s, and interviews with high-ranking Soviet and Chinese eyewitnesses, the book provides the basis for a new interpretation of this relationship and a glimpse of previously unknown events that shaped the Sino-Soviet alliance. An appendix contains translated Chinese and Soviet documents - many of which are being published for the first time. The book focuses mainly on Communist China's relationship with Moscow after the conclusion of the treaty between the Soviet Union and Kuomingtang China in 1945, up until the signing of the treaty between Moscow and the Chinese Communist Party in 1950. It also looks at China's relationship with Moscow from 1920 to 1945, as well as developments from 1950 to the present. The author reevaluates existing sources and literature on the topic, and demonstrates that the alliance was reached despite disagreements and distrust on both sides and was not an inevitable conclusion. He also shows that the relationship between the two Communist parties was based on national interest politics, and not on similar ideological convictions.
Written by experienced authors, this book presents numerous natural everyday products with a high range of structural diversity. Twenty natural products have been arranged in five sections, describing three alkaloids, five colored compounds, three carbohydrates and glycosides, seven terpenoids, and two aromatic compounds. Adopting a highly didactical approach, each chapter features a uniform structure: Background, in-depth information about isolation processes and structural characterization as well as a Q&A section at the end. Alongside the theoretical information many practical hints for the laboratory work are also included. A comprehensive overview of UV-, IR- and NMR-spectroscopy as well as mass-spectrometry for every exemplified compound is provided and the understanding of these methods is supported by concluding questions and exercises. Educating and entertaining, this full-color textbook turns the learning process into a real pleasure, not only for students in natural products chemistry but also experienced professionals.
This textbook covers the production of all relevant natural and man-made fibers, their inner structure, properties, applications, markets and historic development. More than 1,600 photos, maps and sketches complement the text. The properties of important fibers are compared in a large number of tables and graphics to simplify selecting an appropriate fiber for a given application.
An in-depth investigation of traditional European folk medicine and the healing arts of witches • Explores the outlawed “alternative” medicine of witches suppressed by the state and the Church and how these plants can be used today • Reveals that female shamanic medicine can be found in cultures all over the world • Illustrated with color and black-and-white art reproductions dating back to the 16th century Witch medicine is wild medicine. It does more than make one healthy, it creates lust and knowledge, ecstasy and mythological insight. In Witchcraft Medicine the authors take the reader on a journey that examines the women who mix the potions and become the healers; the legacy of Hecate; the demonization of nature’s healing powers and sensuousness; the sorceress as shaman; and the plants associated with witches and devils. They explore important seasonal festivals and the plants associated with them, such as wolf’s claw and calendula as herbs of the solstice and alder as an herb of the time of the dead--Samhain or Halloween. They also look at the history of forbidden medicine from the Inquisition to current drug laws, with an eye toward how the sacred plants of our forebears can be used once again.
Expanding upon, and engaging with, the influential theories of Francis Fukuyama in The End of History and Samuel Huntington in The Clash of Civilisations, this book is a major, and controversial, contribution to these key contemporary debates. Dieter Senghaas examines some of the most significant political issues we face today: * How do societies cope with pluralization? * Can tolerance be a successful solution? * What is the role of 'culture' in recent conflicts which have been described as culturally induced? * And will twenty-first-century world politics sink into cultural conflicts on a biblical scale? Dieter Senghaas explores these questions within the context of the main non-Western cultural areas Chinese political philosophy, Islam, Buddhism and Hinduism and goes on to reflect on the possibility of a constructive form of intercultural dialogue. Senghaas's distinctive and radical approach will be of great interest and topicality to all those working in politics, international relations, sociology, cultural studies, development studies, religion and international political economy.
The aim of this book is to explain the basic concepts and phenomena of quantum mechanics by means of visualization. Computer-generated illustrations are used extensively throughout the text, helping to establish the relation between quantum mechanics-wave functions, interference, atomic structure, and so forth-and classical physics-point mechanics, statistical mechanics, and wave optics. Even more important, by studying the pictures in parallel with the text, readers develop an intuition for such notoriously abstract phenomena as • the tunnel effect • excitation and decay of metastable states • wave packet motion within a well • systems of distinguishable and indistinguishable particles • free wave packets and scattering in three dimensions • angular momentum decomposition • stationary bound states in various three-dimensional potentials • Kepler motion of wave packets in the Coulomb field • spin and magnetic resonance Illustrations from experiments in a variety of fields, including chemistry, and molecular, atomic, nuclear, and particle physics, underline the basic as well as the practical importance of quantum mechanics. This third edition includes a CD-ROM with all illustrations from the book in full color, suitable for direct display or for printing out as posters or teaching aids. It also includes a new chapter on quantile motion and tunneling time, as well as some additional phenomena and examples.
Ultrananocrystalline Diamond: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications is a unique practical reference handbook. Written by the leading experts worldwide it introduces the science of UNCD for both the R&D community and applications developers using UNCD in a diverse range of applications from macro to nanodevices, such as energy-saving ultra-low friction and wear coatings for mechanical pump seals and tools, high-performance MEMS/NEMS-based systems (e.g. in telecommunications), the next generation of high-definition flat panel displays, in-vivo biomedical implants, and biosensors. This work brings together the basic science of nanoscale diamond structures, with detailed information on ultra-nanodiamond synthesis, properties, and applications. The book offers discussion on UNCD in its two forms, as a powder and as a chemical vapor deposited film. Also discussed are the superior mechanical, tribological, transport, electrochemical, and electron emission properties of UNCD for a wide range of applications including MEMS/ NEMS, surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices, electrochemical sensors, coatings for field emission arrays, photonic and RF switching, biosensors, and neural prostheses, etc. Ultrananocrystalline Diamond summarises the most recent developments in the nanodiamond field, and presents them in a way that will be useful to the R&D community in both academic and corporate sectors Coverage of both nanodiamond particles and films make this a valuable resource for both the nanotechnology community and the field of thin films / vacuum deposition Written by the world’s leading experts in nanodiamond, this second edition builds on its predecessor’s reputation as the most up-to-date resource in the field
This volume C 1 is the first supplement volume to "Phosphor" C which was published in 1965 and covers the compounds of phosphorus. Starting with the binary species formed between phosphorus and hydrogen, the present volume deals with the neutral mononuclear compounds PH through PH ; the ions featuring the same stoichiometric composition are s covered in separate sections. PH and PH are the major initial gaseous decomposition products of PH and, thus, also 2 J intermediates in many of its gas-phase reactions. Both molecules and their ions have been thoroughly investigated by a variety of modern, high-resolution spectroscopic methods during the last three decades. The coverage of their physical, and mostly molecular, properties re presents the largest part of the first two chapters (PH and ions pp. 2 to 47; PH and ions pp. 47 2 to 111). PH is the only compound described in this volume which is thermally stable under normal J conditions. It is the phosphorus analog of ammonia, but exhibits, however, a quite different chemical behavior towards most elements and compounds. The majority of its physical, and in particular spectroscopic, properties have been determined in great detail since the sixties, partially in regard to spectroscopic investigations of the atmospheres of the outer planets.
This book highlights proteasome structures and how they are related to different aspects of proteasome function. Moreover, the book reports on the functional roles these highly developed proteolytic machines play within the cell. It was a great surprise to the scientific world that proteolysis provides crucial functions in cellular regulation. The
Of system-number "Manganese", Part B, which de- scribes the Element Manganese, has been completed. Also completed is Part C, describing the compounds, with 10 volumes. Part A will present the history and occurence of manganese. Volume A 1 on the history has already been published, the other volumes dealing with occurence of manganese are in preparation. Part D is devoted to the coordination compounds. Part D 1, D 2, D 3, D 4, D 5 and D 6 thereof are already available. The present volume "Manganese D 7" continues the description of the coordination compounds. Complexes with nitriles, with nitro-hydrocarbons, and with ligands containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium are described. Many of the coordination compounds containing sulfur are of analytical or biological interest. A formula index lists the ligands and the empirical formulas.
Dealing with the computer simulation of thermodynamic properties of many-body condensed-matter systems that use random numbers generated by a computer, this book describes the theoretical background of several variants of Monte Carlo methods. The result is a systematic course allowing newcomers to perform these simulations for themselves and to analyze their results. This third edition has been updated and expanded by a new chapter on important recent developments in the Monte Carlo methodology.
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