This Handbook presents...information about the inter-American system generally and, in particular, as it relates to the prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment."--
Bolivia has achieved noteworthy success over the past 15 years in raising incomes, reducing poverty, and maintaining macroeconomic stability by deploying commodity revenues to finance transfers, public investment, and state-led development, using an exchange rate peg as a policy anchor. However, with the end of the commodity boom in 2014, fiscal deficits have grown and reserves have fallen. One route to restoring long-run sustainability would be to combine fiscal consolidation with a switch to a floating exchange rate. However, a preference for maintaining the peg could be accommodated with adjustments elsewhere in the policy framework. Employing a detailed dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model of the Bolivian economy, this study assesses the long-run sustainability and relative benefits of alternative policy combinations, and calculates optimal adjustment paths for the transition from the present situation to the steady state. It concludes that continued adherence to a fixed-rate regime, while not optimal, is feasible, if supported by a larger fiscal effort.
This technical note and manual (TNM) addresses the following issues: • Evaluating the full implications from the policies adopted to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy requires a well-developed macroeconomic framework. This note illustrates how such frameworks were used to analyze Colombia and Cambodia's shock impact at the beginning of the pandemic. • The use of macroeconomic frameworks is not to infer general policy conclusions from abstract models or empirical analysis but to help policymakers think through and articulate coherent forecasts, scenarios, and policy responses. • The two country cases illustrate how to construct a baseline scenario consistent with a COVID-19 shock within structural macroeconomic models. The scenario is built gradually to incorporate the available information, the pandemic's full effects, and the policy responses. • The results demonstrate the value of combining close attention to the data, near-term forecasting, and model-based analyses to support coherent policies.
Fluctuations in commodity prices are an important driver of business cycles in small emerging market economies (EMEs). We document how these fluctuations correlate strongly with the business cycle in EMEs. We then embed a commodity sector into a multi-country EMEs’ business cycle model where exogenous fluctuations in commodity prices follow a common dynamic factor structure and coexist with other driving forces. The estimated model assigns to commodity shocks 42 percent of the variance in income, of which a considerable part is linked to the common factor. A further amplification mechanism is a ”spillover” effect from commodity prices to risk premia.
The Great Family by Diego Galán Ruiz A strange sect called The Big Family. After Carlos' death and the disappearance of her boyfriend, Javier, Charlotte decides to investigate on her own. She is convinced that everything that has happened is related to the online game "The End of the Internet" and will not stop until she enters the sect and discovers all the details of how it works. Will she manage to see Javier again and find the real culprits or will she also fall into the network of the organization? "The Big Family" is a fantastic novel with a touch of a crime novel, which in each unexpected twist will manage to confuse the reader.
Le futur de l’humanité se joue dans son passé 2016. Suite aux mauvaises décisions de ses dirigeants, la planète entière est devenue un enfer radioactif. Le dernier espoir de l’humanité a un nom : le Splitter, une colossale machine à remonter le temps conçue pour changer le cours de l’histoire. À moins que les paradoxes temporels qu’elle risque de produire n’aboutissent à un désastre plus terrible encore... Alors qu’une lutte de pouvoir s’immisce pour le contrôle du Splitter dans le présent, en 1945, l’agent du renseignement de la Royal Air Force Naomi Givens enquête sur des faits troublants et leurs répercussions sur sa réalité... Découvrez le premier comics de William Gibson, auteur culte de science-fiction, dessiné par le grand Butch Guice ! Entre uchronie apocalyptique et thriller militaire, Archangel nous propulse dans un voyage aux multiples temporalités et nous fait retrouver les thématiques littéraires chères à l’auteur du Neuromancien.
Moot Court competitions constitute an alternative model of human rights training, giving students the skills to contribute to the development of international human rights law and thus make them qualified advocates for human rights change in their home countries and abroad. By focusing on the perfection of oral as well as written skills, participants are more likely to be successful not only in cases brought before their home courts, but in front of international tribunals and other organs. Such competitions have opened the doorway for more human rights classes in law schools, more clinical training programs, more NGOs dedicated to human rights law, and overall more lawyers dedicated to participating in an expanded notion of a human rights community. As demonstrated in this volume, moot court competitions have revolutionized human rights legal education in Africa, Europe and the Americas. The yearly Inter-American Human Rights Moot Court Competition was established in 1995. The full text of the hypothetical cases, bench memoranda, and winning memorials from the first ten years of this Competition are included as a resource to be used creatively by scholars, NGOs, international organizations, governments, practitioners, students, etc., to further promote human rights legal obligations.
Gender, Sexuality and Islam in Contemporary Indonesia explores gender, sexuality and religion in contemporary Indonesia. It is the first book-length analysis of the experiences of queer Muslims in Indonesia, the largest Muslim country and the world’s fourth most populous nation, as well as the first monograph exploring the voices of their allies vis-à-vis the role of Indonesian progressive Islam and Islam Nusantara. An ethnographic study based on semi-structured in-depth interviews, participant observation and media analysis, the book analyses how queer Indonesian Muslims come to, and navigate, their gender, sexual and religious subjectivities and subject positions, beliefs and practices. This is done by paying attention to their interactions with family, education, media, and peers. It also investigates the emergence of queer religious geographies through the case of an annual camp leading to alternative discussions on gender, sexuality, and religion impacting processes of subjectivity formation among participants. The author draws on recent scholarship that attends to ‘agency’ not merely as a synonym for resistance but also as a modality of action to examine the rise of queer religious agentic systems through the everyday practices of queer Muslims. Finally, the book explores the background of the allies of queer Muslims who have come to develop queer-inclusive strategies from within Islam by considering the processes that shaped their advocacy and the role of Islam Nusantara. The book reflects on the critical role of Islam for gender and sexual minorities in Indonesia. Presenting the voices, practices and activism of present-day Indonesians to explore the position of Islam as a source of emotional strength, guidance, and social support, this book will be of interest to researchers in the fields of Gender and Sexuality Studies, Religious Studies, Asian Studies and Southeast Asian Studies, Islamic Studies and Queer Anthropology.
This paper presents a semi-structural macroeconomic model aimed at facilitating policy analysis and forecasting, primarily in countries with imperfect capital mobility and hybrid monetary policy regimes. Compared to earlier gap-trend projection models, the Forecasting Model of Internal and External Balance (FINEX) contains three main innovations: it accentuates external and internal balances; explicitly incorporates fiscal policy; and partly endogenizes the main trends. FINEX thus covers a broad set of policy instruments, including foreign exchange interventions (FXI), capital flow management measures (CFM), as well as common fiscal policy instruments. The model incorporates insights from the recent DSGE literature, while maintaining a more accessible gap-trend structure that lends itself to practical policy applications. While the paper refrains from drawing broad policy lessons, it emphasizes the model's ability to interpret recent data in terms of structural shocks and policy responses, thereby aiding policymakers in constructing coherent economic narratives and considering alternative scenarios.
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