In the current study, an industrial product (electrical wire connector) have been casted in cold chamber die casting process using LM2 aluminium alloy to produce certain specimens to be assessed under the study for the determination of the responses ( mechanical properties such as impact strength, hardness and surface roughness). As cold chamber die casting is being popularly known for its efficient and accurate casting process which can process a broad range of castings with intricate shape easily, hence it requires a lot of study in controlling the process variables with optimum combination of process variables to produce defect free and sound casting. Therefore in the current study, the process variables such as pouring temperature (725oC, 750oC, 775oC), intensification pressure (170 kg/cm2, 180 kg/cm2, 190 kg/cm2), type of coating (oil+graphite coating, dycote+graphite coating and dycote coating) and type of cooling (air cooling, water cooling and oil cooling) have been varied at three levels and 9 different experiments have been designed using Taguchi array (L9 orthogonal array) to assess the effects of different combinations of process variables over the mechanical properties (impact strength, hardness and surface roughness). The study aims at selecting the optimum combination process variables on the basis of the responses resulted in the 9 experiments. The graphs for the responses (impact strength, hardness and surface roughness) against each process variables have been plotted and carefully observed to identify the significant process variable along with respective level of operation affecting the respective response. From the overall study, intensification pressure was concluded to be the most significant process variable with maximum contribution to the impact strength and surface finish. The micrograph images captured corresponding to the respective levels of intensification pressure (170 kg/cm2, 180 kg/cm2, 190 kg/cm2) revealed the presence of shrinkage porosity corresponding to lowest level of intensification pressure (170 kg/cm2) and with further increase in intensification pressure led to a decrease in the extent of presence of porosity. Dycote coating was considered as the most optimum coating with significant contribution to the hardness. Air cooling and oil cooling were equally significant process variables with equivalent contribution to the mechanical properties.
From last few decades’ composite materials, ceramics and plastics has made a mark in the field of materials. Applications of these materials in engineering arespecially attributed to their low specific weight and comparatively high strength. Applications of composite materials vary from the basic daily needs to sophisticated luxury applications. The demand of natural fiber in the composite materials has been increased owing to low density, low cost and biodegradable properties of natural fiber.But at the same time the natural fibers has certain disadvantages viz. they are hydrophilic in nature due to which there is poor incompatibility of natural fiber with the matrix. This intensity of this disadvantage can be reduced with the help of chemical treatment of natural fibers. Natural fiber has tendency of water absorption, which can also be reduced with chemical treatment. There are number of factors which affect the properties of natural fiber reinforced composite viz. fabrication method, environment condition during fabrication, fiber and its quantity, matrix material. Any slight modification in the above said variables leads to change in the properties of the final composite material. In the present work, the tensile and flexural properties of natural fiber (abaca fiber) reinforced TPU composites have been investigated. The content of natural fiber in composites has been varied from 0 to 30 wt%. The reinforced fibers were chemically treated with NaOH followed by treatment with maleic anhydride in acetone, prior to fabricating of samples by injection moulding. It is observed that the composite containing 10 wt% of abaca fiber has highest tensile strength among all the composites fabricated for this study, whereas the tensile strength of pure TPU sample has maximum among all the samples fabricated during this research work.Maximum flexural strength is observed ofthe composite containing 30 wt% of abaca fiber.SEM examinations of the fractured surface reveal that primary failure mechanisms in composite as fiber fracture and fiber pull-out.
Joining of dissimilar materials is one of the most essential needs of industries. There are various welding methods that have been developed to obtain suitable joints in various applications. However, friction welding is a solid state joining technique which utilizes the heat generated rubbing of two faying surfaces for the coalescence of the material. In the present study, an experimental setup was designed in order to achieve friction welding of plastically deformed Al 6082 and Al 6063 aluminium. Samples were welded under different burn off lengths and different rotational speeds. The tensile strength, impact strength, Vickers micro hardness and SEM analysis of the welded joints were determined and evaluated on the results obtained from experimentations, the graphs were plotted. The experimental results indicate that burn off length and rotational speed has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the joint and it is possible to increase the quality of the welded joint by selecting the optimum burn off lengths and rotational speeds.
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