This book begins with an introduction of nanobiotechnology, followed by biosyntheses of AgNPs, development of silver/chitosan (Ag/CS) polymer nanocomposites, synthesis of silver/chitosan-g-poly acrylamide (Ag/CS-g-PAAm) nanocomposite hydrogel and silver/chitosan/poly vinyl chloride (Ag/CS/PVC) blend. Finally, it presents novel bioengineering of polyfunctional metallic nanostructures other than Ag, emphasizing biomass utilization and value-added conversion over an extended span, including life cycle assessment of the synthesized nanostructures. Features: Includes prospective cost effective, eco-friendly, and safe nanomaterials, synthesized through facile paths Covers the synergistic effect of phytochemicals and nano-Ag antimicrobial agents from an antiviral perspective Includes surface coating systems and super absorbent materials for biomedical purposes Examines nanobiotechnological applications for generating nanoalloys with synchronized nanostructural arrangement of alkaline earth metals and nanoscale dots of transition metals Explores the life cycle assessment of synthesized nanomaterials This book aims at researchers and graduate students in biomaterials, chemical engineering, green chemistry, nanomaterials, and biotechnology.