One of the most dramatic periods of British history, the Wars of the Roses didn't end at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485. Despite the death of Richard III and Henry VII's victory, it continued underground into the following century with plots, pretenders and subterfuge by the ousted white rose faction. In a brand new interpretation of this turning point in history, well known historian Desmond Seward reviews the story of the Tudors' seizure of the throne and shows that for many years they were far from secure. He challenges the way we look at the reigns of Henry VII and Henry VIII, explaining why there were so many Yorkist pretenders and conspiracies, and why the new dynasty had such difficulty establishing itself. King Richard's nephews, the Earl of Warwick and the little known de la Pole brothers, all had support of enemies overseas, while England was split when the lowly Perkin Warbeck skilfully impersonated one of the princes in the tower in order to claim the right to the throne. Warwick's surviving sister Margaret also became the focus of hopes that the White Rose would be reborn. The book also offers a new perspective on why Henry VIII, constantly threatened by treachery, real or imagined, and desperate to secure his power with a male heir, became a tyrant.
Our hearts have evolved to be extremely efficient, long-lasting pumps that exquisitely match the needs of our bodies. This book is about how the heart does this; how can a heart pump the blood for up to 100 years while the best Formula 1 racing engine has a working life measured in hours? Why is the heart so efficient, and how are worn out parts replaced while working? How does it generate the force to act as a pump, how is it controlled electrically, and how can it repair itself?This book addresses these questions from physiological and molecular perspectives in language that aims to be accessible to all interested in biology and with liberal illustrations.The story of how the heart works is presented in the context of its origins:The book begins with a discussion of why the word heart is universally used as a metaphor for reason and emotion and traces its origins in modern and ancient languages. The last chapter offers advice on how to preserve the heart by matching our lifestyles more closely to how it evolved.
In the 1830s, decades before Darwin published the Origin of Species, a museum of evolution flourished in London. Reign of the Beast pieces together the extraordinary story of this lost working-man's institution and its enigmatic owner, the wine merchant W. D. Saull. A financial backer of the anti-clerical Richard Carlile, the ‘Devil's Chaplain’ Robert Taylor, and socialist Robert Owen, Saull outraged polite society by putting humanity’s ape ancestry on display. He weaponized his museum fossils and empowered artisans with a knowledge of deep geological time that undermined the Creationist base of the Anglican state. His geology museum, called the biggest in Britain, housed over 20,000 fossils, including famous dinosaurs. Saull was indicted for blasphemy and reviled during his lifetime. After his death in 1855, his museum was demolished and he was expunged from the collective memory. Now multi-award-winning author Adrian Desmond undertakes a thorough reading of Home Office spy reports and subversive street prints to re-establish Saull's pivotal place at the intersection of the history of geology, atheism, socialism, and working-class radicalism.
This book was written with the black, African American, carpenter in mind. There are many books out there about construction but none that talk about the issues that confront the black carpenters. The subject matter in this book is laid out in a well thought out and progressive manner. Many hours of dedication and care have gone into its completion. It starts with developing the right mindset. From this foundation all the necessary character traits essential for success in the construction field are explained clearly in simple language. Next we explore the Black Contractors Association and the resources available for innercity black men and women seeking training in the construction trades. Since its conception its goal has been the training of master builders and tradesmen from the labor pool of black communities. Learn about apprenticeship training and the differences between the apprenticeship programs. Staying healthy and avoiding injuries explains correct lifting techniques that prevent serious back injuries, as well as the different types of PPE, an acronym for personal protective equipment that is designed to protect you the worker from injuries. Then we jump into the Union versus non-union companies, and go into detail about the benefits of belonging to the United Brotherhood of Carpenters or the AGC Associated General Contractors of America and will inform you on how to make an informed decision on which one will make more sense depending on your goals and career paths. You will also find out about the tools of the trade: what tools you should purchase, the bags you should wear and the clothing and PPE’s that are required to work on construction sites. We explore details about cordless and specialty tools and the different brands that carpenters use out in the field. Discover the different building materials used in the construction field. Learn about the different applications that fasteners can be used in on a building and what ones work best in special circumstances. Building systems reveals modern construction practices and systems carpenters and tradesmen use today out in the construction field to construct buildings and structures. Trade Specializations takes a look at all the different trades and specializations the construction field offers black workers. In applying at job-sites I will reveal how to get hired in two weeks or less when applying for work at construction sites. Determine how far you should travel when seeking employment and how to get compensated for traveling expenses. In Discrimination in the Industry we uncover how racially motivated politics is used to exclude blacks and minorities from management positions in the construction industry. I will also teach you how to resolve and report racial discrimination directed toward you on job-sites. In Staying Productive, we learn how a high level of energy and production can keep you employed for the long term. In Certifications & Trainings the reader will explore what the difference is between the two and what programs will help advance the worker’s career. Preparing for the contractors’ exam give the reader a detailed road map and the requirements to prepare to pass the states contractor exam. Continue Learning reviews the learning process and how to continue to ask the right questions and develop a lifelong education plan that will advance your career for years to come. Construction Terms is a glossary of housing terms used in the construction field. Learning and memorizing these terms will give you an inside look at the language used by carpenters and builders in construction. These terms will also allow you to see how building materials and construction applications come together in a construction project. More about the Author is a short bio on how I arrived in the construction field as a carpenter.
Drawing from technical and privately published family histories, this remarkable account provides a broad understanding of the development of the meat industry utilizing England’s Kentish Town as a model. With research on the decline of retail butcher shops from 45,000 in 1945 to fewer than 6,000 in 2010, this record not only describes the expertise and skill required of each trade associated with the meat industry but also catalogs how social changes impacted the business.
One hundred and fifty years ago, the United States was saved at the Battle of Gettysburg. At most of the decisive points of the battle, it was soldiers from Maine that stopped the Rebel army in its tracks. While Joshua Chamberlain and his 20th Maine Regiment are perhaps the most well known, in fact eleven infantry and cavalry regiments, plus three artillery batteries and a company of sharpshooters--comprising some 3,700 volunteers--represented the state of Maine in the battle. Historian Jerry Desmond details, location by location around the battlefield, the heroic actions of the volunteer regiments from Maine.
Paul Cullen (1803–78) was the outstanding figure in Irish history between the death of Daniel O’Connell and the rise of Charles Stewart Parnell. Yet this powerful prelate remains an enigmatic figure. This new study of his career sets out to reveal the real nature of his achievements in putting his stamp so indelibly on the Irish Catholic Church. After several years spent in Rome, at a time when the papal states were under constant attack, Cullen was sent back to Ireland as Archbishop of Armagh and subsequently of Dublin. He had been charged with reorganizing the Catholic Church in his native country—a task which brought him into conflict with the authorities, many of his fellow-bishops and frequently nationalist opinion. The first Irishman to be made a cardinal, he played a leading part in securing the declaration of papal infallibility from the First Vatican Council (1870). Cardinal Cullen has not generally been well treated by historians. A brilliant scholar, whose intelligence was never underestimated by contemporaries, he has been dismissed as an ‘industrious mediocrity.’ A tough-minded, indefatigable political tactician, he has nevertheless been described as a world-denying spiritual leader. Cullen was the most devoted of papal servants, yet he was accused of ‘preferring the ... principles of Irish nationalism to the opinions of his friend Pius IX.’ Generations of Irish nationalist historians, however, have taken a different view, seeing the leading Irish churchman of the nineteenth century as a tool of the British government. In Paul Cardinal Cullen and the Shaping of Modern Irish Catholicism, Desmond Bowen shows the true purpose of Cullen’s mission. An Ultramontanist of the most uncompromising type—‘a Roman of the Romans’—neither the aspirations of the Irish nationalists nor the concerns of British governments were of primary importance to him. The mind and accomplishments of this most reserved and complex of men can be understood only in his total dedication to the mission of the papacy as he interpreted it during a time of crisis for the Catholic Church throughout Europe.
Ideas About Art is an intelligent, accessible introductory text for students interested in learning how to think about aesthetics. It uses stories drawn from the experiences of individuals involved in the arts as a means of exposing readers to the philosophies, theories, and arguments that shape and drive visual art. An accessible, story-driven introduction to aesthetic theory and philosophy Prompts readers to develop independent ideas about aesthetics; this is a guide on how to think, not what to think Includes discussions of non-western, contemporary, and discipline-specific theories Examines a range of art-based dilemmas across a wide variety of disciplines - from art and design and law to visual and museum studies
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