The Telecommunications Act of 1996 envisioned a competitive free-for-all in the U.S. telecommunications industry with removal of barriers to entry in local telecommunications markets and the lifting of the artificial restrictions that kept the Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCs) out of the interLATA long-distance market. After close to 5 years, only one RBOC has been granted permission (controversially) to enter the interLATA market, and local competition has yet to provide most consumers with meaningful choices. In addition, the wave of mergers across the industry has raised the specter of putting the former Bell System back together again. Policymakers now openly question whether the Act can deliver what it promised. Three principal themes are developed in this book. First, there has been a coordination failure between Congress and the FCC in translating the principles embodied in the Act into practice. The authors provide evidence for this by analyzing stock market reactions to legislative and regulatory actions. This coordination failure was largely predictable, given the ambiguity in the Act, as well as conflicting jurisdictions between the FCC and the states. Second, the Act calls for wholesale prices to be `based on cost.' Regulators adopted a costing standard (TELRIC) that provides a means to subsidize competitive entry in local telephone service markets. The ready adoption of the TELRIC standard by regulators is shown to be tied to the third theme: price cap regulation provides regulators with `insurance' against the adverse effects of competition in local telephone markets. Statistical analysis reveals that regulators in price cap states set uniformly lower unbundled network element prices (lower barriers to entry) in comparison with regulators in rate-of-return and earnings sharing states. The result is a triumph of regulatory processes over market processes - the antithesis of the purpose of the Act.
This book applies new advances in economic theory regarding the asymmetry of information between firms and their regulators to the design of improved telecommunications regulation.
Chronic Pain: An Integrated Biobehavioral Approach...offers in a single volume the most comprehensive and in-depth view of the field currently available. Drs. Flor and Turk share their collective knowledge and professional insights accumulated over three decades of extraordinary contributions to the field....The first section of the volume provides an up-to-date and highly digestible review of the foundational principles of the multidimensional experience of chronic pain and is followed by two sections on clinical assessment and treatment, concluding with a glimpse at future innovations in pain care. These later sections are simply extraordinary in integrating theory, science, and practical information that will be equally useful to novice and experienced clinicians, investigators, and policy makers." — From the Foreword by Robert D. Kerns, PhD This book integrates current psychological understanding with biomedical knowledge about chronic pain. With an emphasis on psychological factors associated with chronic pain states, this volume includes recommendations for a structured assessment plan. Using detailed treatment protocols and case examples, the authors aim to guide clinicians in developing effective individualized treatments for their chronic pain patients. The accompanying online ancillary content includes 65 appendices of sample documents and worksheets featuring detailed assessment methods and treatment protocols for use by health care professionals. Chronic Pain: An Integrated Biobehavioral Approach is essential reading for: Clinicians who treat chronic pain patients Clinical psychologists Students studying medicine, psychology, psychophysiology, and behavioral medicine Social workers Nurses Clinical investigators All those interested in the treatment of chronic pain
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