Dena Ringold's Books

Poverty and Ethnicity

A Cross-country Study of Roma Poverty in Central Europe

By: Ana Revenga,Dena Ringold,William Martín Tracy

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Poverty and Ethnicity

A Cross-country Study of Roma Poverty in Central Europe

By: Ana Revenga,Dena Ringold,William Martín Tracy

Roma are a unique minority in Europe, and with current estimates of between seven and nine million living throughout the continent, they represent the largest minority group. They are the main poverty risk group in many countries of central and eastern Europe, yet there is little information available on their living conditions. This paper analyses data from a new cross-country household survey, conducted by the Center for Comparative Research at Yale University, into the ethnic dimension of poverty in Roma communities in Hungary, Bulgaria and Romania. Findings describe the multidimensional nature of Roma poverty, both in terms of consumption and income, as well as other deprivation measures such as housing and health status, access to education and employment opportunities. Significant structural factors are identified which reflect past and present discrimination. Whilst specific policies need to be formulated at the country level, the report also seeks to highlight common policy options among national governments, Roma communities, non-governmental organisations and international agencies.

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World Bank Publications

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ISBN 10

082135339X

ISBN 13

9780821353394

Citizens and Service Delivery

Assessing the Use of Social Accountability Approaches in Human Development Sectors

By: Dena Ringold,Alaka Holla,Margaret Koziol,Santhosh Srinivasan

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Citizens and Service Delivery

Assessing the Use of Social Accountability Approaches in Human Development Sectors

By: Dena Ringold,Alaka Holla,Margaret Koziol,Santhosh Srinivasan

The report reviews how citizens can influence education, health and social protection services through access to information and opportunities to hold providers accountable. It takes stock of international evidence and experience from projects supported by the World Bank to identify knowledge gaps, key questions and areas for further work.

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153

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World Bank Publications

Published Date

ISBN 10

0821389300

ISBN 13

9780821389300

From Mines and Wells to Well-Built Minds

Turning Sub-Saharan Africa's Natural Resource Wealth into Human Capital

By: Bénédicte de la Brière,Deon Filmer,Dena Ringold,Dominic Rohner,Anastasiya Denisova

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From Mines and Wells to Well-Built Minds

Turning Sub-Saharan Africa's Natural Resource Wealth into Human Capital

By: Bénédicte de la Brière,Deon Filmer,Dena Ringold,Dominic Rohner,Anastasiya Denisova

Sub-Saharan Africa's natural resource-rich countries have poor human development. Children in these countries are more likely to die before their first birthday, more likely to be stunted, and less likely to attend school than children in other countries with similar income. Despite the current price downturn, extractives will remain an important part of Sub-Saharan Africa's growth story—using resource rents wisely remains a long term challenge. Governments must choose how to allocate resource rents between spending, investing in human or physical capital, or investing in global financial assets. The return to investing in physical and human capital will be high in countries where the capital stock is low. Moreover, higher levels of human capital make investments in physical capital more productive, which suggests that the optimal portfolio will involve investing in both. Human capital should be prioritized in many of Sub-Saharan Africa’s resource-rich countries because of the low starting point. Investing effectively in human capital is hard because it involves delivering services, which means coordinating a large number of actors and activities. Three dimensions of governance are key: institutions, incentives and information. Decentralization and leveraging the private sector are entry points to reforming institutional structures. Revenues from natural resources can fund financial incentives to strengthen performance or demand. Producing information, making it available, and increasing social accountability helps citizens understand their rights and hold governments and providers accountable. Improving the quality of education and health services is central to improving human capital. Two additional areas are promising. First, early child development—mother and newborn health, and early child nutrition, care, and education—improves outcomes in childhood and later on. Second, cash transfers—either conditional or unconditional—reduce poverty, increase household investments in child education, nutrition, and health, and increase the investment in productive assets which foster further income generation.

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172

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World Bank Publications

Published Date

ISBN 10

1464810060

ISBN 13

9781464810060

Roma and the Transition in Central and Eastern Europe

Trends and Challenges

By: Dena Ringold

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Roma and the Transition in Central and Eastern Europe

Trends and Challenges

By: Dena Ringold

This report brings together the available evidence from primary and secondary sources, including household surveys and results of recent qualitative studies, to develop a picture of the development challenges facing Roma populations in Central and Eastern Europe. While living standards have declined for all population groups during the transition to a market economy, there are growing indications that conditions have deteriorated more severely for Roma than for others, and that Roma are poorly positioned to take advantage of emerging economic opportunities. This report focuses on five countries in Central and Eastern Europe: Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania the Czech Republic, and the Slovak Republic. The first chapter of the report provides the historical context and an overview of the methodological issues and main data sources; chapter two presents the available evidence on welfare status and living conditions, examining poverty, housing education, employment and health; chapter three considers issues relating to access to social services; and the final chapter reviews the opportunities for Roma participation in the design and implementation of community development policies and programmes, and outlines policy implications.

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World Bank Publications

Published Date

ISBN 10

0821348019

ISBN 13

9780821348017

Social Assistance in the New EU Member States

Strengthening Performance and Labor Market Incentives

By: Dena Ringold,Leszek Kasek

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Social Assistance in the New EU Member States

Strengthening Performance and Labor Market Incentives

By: Dena Ringold,Leszek Kasek

This study analyzes the performance of social assistance and family benefit programs in eight new member states of the European Union from the perspective of fiscal impact and effectiveness. It is based on household survey data for six of the countries, as well as budget data and information on program design collected at the national level. The paper finds that, although social assistance programs in the new member states are small in terms of coverage and expenditure levels (reaching 2 to 5 percent of the population), the programs are an important safety net for the poor. Programs are relatively well targeted, with between 30 and 60 percent of resources going to the poorest quintile of the population. For those who receive them, benefits can make up as much as 37 percent of average consumption of the poor.

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World Bank Publications

Published Date

ISBN 10

0821371606

ISBN 13

9780821371602

Roma in an Expanding Europe

Breaking the Poverty Cycle

By: Dena Ringold,Mitchell Alexander Orenstein,Erika Wilkens

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Roma in an Expanding Europe

Breaking the Poverty Cycle

By: Dena Ringold,Mitchell Alexander Orenstein,Erika Wilkens

Following the enlargement of the European Union in May 2004, Roma (or gypsies) are now the largest minority group in Europe. They are also one of the poorest and most vulnerable groups, living mainly in Central and Eastern Europe, suffering poverty levels as high as ten times that found within majority populations. The lack of information about the living conditions and needs of Roma people compound these stark gaps in human development outcomes. This publication, prepared for a conference held in Budapest, Hungary in June 2003, brings together original sociological research, evaluations of programme initiatives, and the first comparative cross-country household survey on ethnicity and poverty. It finds that Roma poverty is multi-faceted and can only be addressed by a inclusive policy approach which respects their diversity.

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270

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World Bank Publications

Published Date

ISBN 10

0821354574

ISBN 13

9780821354575

Trends in Education Access and Financing During the Transition in Central and Eastern Europe

By: Dena Ringold

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Trends in Education Access and Financing During the Transition in Central and Eastern Europe

By: Dena Ringold

IFC Results on the Ground No. 1. The International Finance Corporation (IFC), whose primary mission is to encourage economic development in its member countries by supporting the private sector, measures its development effectiveness through an annual project review. This report, the first in a series that examines the IFC's development impact, presents five case studies of projects carried out during 1995-96. The projects involved were chosen for their geographic diversity and because they represent a number of sectors in which the IFC has traditionally done business--banks in Africa and Latin America; an agribusiness project in Madagascar; a textile operation in Indonesia; and an infrastructure project in Argentina. Each of these studies illustrates in detail the various aspects of project contributions of projects to development and some of the residual problems that will be the subject of future work.

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