This guide leads readers systematically through the arguments of Mary Shepherd's two books. Chapters 1-4 cover the arguments in the Essay Upon the Relation of Cause and Effect (1824), where Shepherd argues that causal principles can be known by reason to be necessary truths and that causal inferences can be rationally justified. Shepherd's primary target in this work is Hume, but she also addresses the views of Thomas Brown and William Lawrence. Shepherd considered her second book, Essays on the Perception of an External Universe, and Other Subjects Connected with the Doctrine of Causation (1827), to be an extension of the earlier project on causation; here she appeals to the causal principles established in the first book to argue that we can know through reason that an external world of continually-existing objects must exist independently of us, as the causes of our sensations. Chapter 5 of this Guide addresses Shepherd's accounts of sensation and reasoning; Chapters 6-9 lead the reader through the arguments of the Essays, as well laying out Shepherd's views on skepticism and Berkeleyan idealism, her accounts of mind and body, her philosophy of religion, and the solutions she offers to two puzzles about vision"--
The concept of innateness is central to Descartes' epistemology; the Meditations display a new, non-Aristotelian method of acquiring knowledge by attending properly to our innate ideas. Yet understanding Descartes's conception of innate ideas is not an easy task and some commentators have concluded that Descartes held several distinct and unrelated conceptions of innateness. In Descartes on Innate Ideas, however, Deborah Boyle argues that Descartes's remarks on innate ideas in fact form a unified account. Addressing the further question of how Descartes thinks innate ideas are known, the author shows that for Descartes, thinkers have implicit knowledge of their innate ideas. Thus she shows that the actual perception of these innate ideas is, for Descartes, a matter of making them explicit, turning the intellect away from sense-perceptions and towards pure thought. The author also provides a new interpretation of the Cartesian 'natural light', an important mental faculty in Descartes' epistemology.
The philosophical writings of Lady Mary Shepherd (1777-1847) reveal an astute and lively intellect. In An Essay upon the Relation of Cause and Effect (1824) and Essays on the Perception of an External Universe, and Other Subjects Connected with the Doctrine of Causation (1827), Shepherd engaged critically with the views of Hume, Berkeley, Reid, Stewart, de Condillac, and others, but she also presented an original and carefully argued philosophical system of her own. Highly regarded in her day, Shepherd's work faded into obscurity after her death; this collection of selections from her writings is intended to bring her work back into focus for students and scholars. Selections include her writings about causation, knowledge of the external world, mathematical and physical induction, belief in miracles and God, and mind and body. This volume also includes an 1828 essay Shepherd published on vision.
The prolific Margaret Cavendish (1623-1673) published books on natural philosophy as well as stories, plays, poems, orations, allegories, and letters. Her mature philosophical system offered a unique panpsychist theory of Nature as composed of a continuous, non-atomistic, perceiving, knowing matter. In contrast to the dominant philosophical thinking of her day, Cavendish argued that all matter has free will and can choose whether or not to follow Nature's rules. The Well-Ordered Universe explores the development of Cavendish's natural philosophy from the atomism of her 1653 poems to the panpsychist materialism of her 1668 Grounds of Natural Philosophy. Deborah Boyle argues that her natural philosophy, her medical theories, and her social and political philosophy are all informed by an underlying concern with order, regularity, and rule-following. This focus on order reveals interesting connections among apparently disparate elements of Cavendish's philosophical program, including her views on gender, on animals and the environment, and on sickness and health. Focusing on the role of order in Cavendish's philosophy also helps reveal key differences between her natural philosophy and her more conservative social and political philosophy. Cavendish believed that humans' special desire for public recognition often leads to an unruly ambition, causing humans to disrupt society in ways not seen in the rest of Nature. Thus, The Well-Ordered Universe defends Cavendish as a royalist who endorsed absolute monarchy and a rigid social hierarchy for maintaining order in human society.
Religion is fundamental to the lives of many patients. 'Fast Facts: Religion and Medicine' summarizes the religious practices of the world's most popular faiths and highlights their impact on medical treatment. By having a greater understanding of the religious beliefs and practices of their patients, all healthcare workers can deliver care more sensitively and appropriately. Such consideration will reduce both the physical and emotional stresses imposed by the medical environment, and increase the well-being of patients and their families. Contents: • Buddhism • Christianity • Hinduism • Islam • Judaism • Sikhism • Traditional Chinese Religion • Other religions • General health issues.
Using case studies from universities throughout the nation, Doing Diversity in Higher Education examines the role faculty play in improving diversity on their campuses. The power of professors to enhance diversity has long been underestimated, their initiatives often hidden from view. Winnifred Brown-Glaude and her contributors uncover major themes and offer faculty and administrators a blueprint for conquering issues facing campuses across the country. Topics include how to dismantle hostile microclimates, sustain and enhance accomplishments, deal with incomplete institutionalization, and collaborate with administrators. The contributors' essays portray working on behalf of diversity as a genuine intellectual project rather than a faculty "service." The rich variety of colleges and universities included provides a wide array of models that faculty can draw upon to inspire institutional change.
Where was Christ between the ages of thirteen and thirty? This book will document the truth, along with, where is The Ark of The Covenant? Where is The Holy Grail? The list goes on. In Mark 13, Christ says, I have foretold you all things. You just have to know where to look. I was led to the answers, and I want to lead you to that information gold mine, under His wing of truth. At the tender age of eight the visions began, first from Heaven then from Hell. My life was predestined for you to know the truth of what I lived through, and what Our Lord wanted to make clear to you. I was led by Our Lord, to a Scholar of The Original Manuscripts from the Library in England, where the King line made it possible for us to receive The Scriptures in English, through King James in 1611. But it was very hard for the translators to bring it to our true understanding, they even wrote a letter to the King telling him, and the readers, to go back to the Original Manuscripts to understand it fully. The Scholar taught chapter by chapter, and verse by verse with explanation, and proving what he taught every step of the way. He brought me understanding and clarity, that's when all my visions made sense to me. So much so, I felt compelled to tell you how my visions fit perfectly with The Scriptures for the end times. The Tapestry of my life is a message for everyone from Our Lord. Do you have a Destiny? Don't discard it. Magnify The Lord with it, in the upcoming battle for our very souls. This book also contains a description of Jesus Christ, written by Pontius Pilate, to Julius Caesar, just after Christ's crucifixion. Psalm 41:1-2 Blessed is he (or she) that considers the poor; The Lord will deliver him in times of trouble. The Lord will preserve him and keep him alive and he shall be blessed upon the earth; and Thou (Our Lord) will not deliver him into the will of his enemies. Thank You Lord.
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