You don't have to go on vacation to enjoy the tropical flavours of the Pacific! With The 'Ohana Grill, you can have your own personal luau every night with delicious recipes made for your outdoor grill. Written by two Honolulu-based writers, this book uses their island upbringing to explore the diverse cultures and flavours that make up Hawaiian grilling. 'Ono (delicious) recipes include: Grilled Mahi Mahi; Kalua Pork Quesadillas; Grilled S'mores; And much more! Whether you're new to lighting the grate or an experienced BBQ chef, these accessible recipes will bring the flavours of Hawai'i to your taste buds, regardless of where you live.
In this stunning, Lambda Literary Award-winning debut novel, Amber Dawn subverts the classic hero's quest adventure to create a dark post-feminist vision. Sub Rosa's reluctant heroine is a teenaged runaway named "Little"; she stumbles upon an underground society of ghosts and magicians, missing girls and would-be johns: a place called Sub Rosa. Not long after she is initiated into this family of magical prostitutes, Little is called upon to lead them through a maze of feral darkness: a calling burdened with grotesque enemies, strange allies, and memories from a foggy past. Sub Rosa is a beautiful, gutsy, fantastical allegory of our times.
The Divas Guide is about the journey of girl who became so obsessed with wanting clear skin again that some would say it took over her life. In the authors desire for acne-free skin, she has read pretty much every skin care and nutrition book published. She has tried nearly every remedy suggested and tested every product invented. She even invented homemade products, which she diligently tested on any willing friend. Join her on this journeya culmination of tireless research and a true passion to live a happy and acne-free life.
“A mosaic mystery told in vignettes, cliffhangers, curious asides, and some surreal plot twists as Raffel investigates the secrets of the man who changed infant care in America.”—NPR, 2018's Great Reads What kind of doctor puts his patients on display? This is the spellbinding tale of a mysterious Coney Island doctor who revolutionized neonatal care more than one hundred years ago and saved some seven thousand babies. Dr. Martin Couney's story is a kaleidoscopic ride through the intersection of ebullient entrepreneurship, enlightened pediatric care, and the wild culture of world's fairs at the beginning of the American Century. As Dawn Raffel recounts, Dr. Couney used incubators and careful nursing to keep previously doomed infants alive, while displaying these babies alongside sword swallowers, bearded ladies, and burlesque shows at Coney Island, Atlantic City, and venues across the nation. How this turn-of-the-twentieth-century émigré became the savior to families with premature infants—known then as “weaklings”—as he ignored the scorn of the medical establishment and fought the rising popularity of eugenics is one of the most astounding stories of modern medicine. Dr. Couney, for all his entrepreneurial gusto, is a surprisingly appealing character, someone who genuinely cared for the well-being of his tiny patients. But he had something to hide... Drawing on historical documents, original reportage, and interviews with surviving patients, Dawn Raffel tells the marvelously eccentric story of Couney's mysterious carnival career, his larger-than-life personality, and his unprecedented success as the savior of the fragile wonders that are tiny, tiny babies. A New York Times Book Review New & Noteworthy Title A Real Simple Best Book of 2018 Christopher Award-winner
Brutal, broken, and beyond redemption, Ghostaniaz Dragos, son of the most merciless and depraved dragon lord, has nothing left to lose. He lost his childhood—if not his soul—a long time ago, exchanging hope for defiance and love for wrath. And now that he is trapped in the Lower Realm, all bets are off. Beautiful, bold, and beholden to Ghostaniaz for survival, Bethany Reid is in wicked dire straits of her own. She was abducted from a haunted house on All Hallows’ Eve, dragged before a garish, red velvet throne, and offered, like a lamb to the slaughter, to the immortal Pagan King of the underworld. What neither Ghost nor Beth realize is that the Seven have manipulated everything. Beth is Ghost’s preordained dragyra. His fated. His female. The only human woman in many lifetimes of suffering who might stand a chance of reaching his calcified, barren heart. She is his only hope for deliverance, even as he is hers. Two unwitting pawns in a deadly game of chance, power, and dominion, Beth and Ghost must face their inner demons and overcome shadow-walkers, sin eaters, and mortal enemies alike, in order to find their way back to the Temple of Seven. But time is not on their side.
When trauma surgeon, Dr. Summer Benson fails to save the life of a young bride involved in a car accident on the way to her wedding, the groom, a Green Beret, threatens her life. Her brother asks his longtime friend and former Navy SEAL, ‘Storm’ Maddox to protect her in his absence. Fiercely independent and consumed with her career, she refuses his protection until she finds herself on the run from a killer. Clues lead Storm to believe a second threat lurks in the shadows. Time is ticking and the fighting instinct that won Storm a Navy Cross for valor is rekindled. He will risk life itself before losing this impulsive, spirited woman who has captured his heart. But, before he can give Summer his love, he has to first trust her with the inconceivable truth about himself.
This is the complete guide to pattern cutting for special occasion clothes: party dresses and eveningwear. With step-by-step instructions and clear, informative diagrams, Dawn Cloake shows how to develop the basic design blocks to create a wide range of designs, encouraging you to 'mix and match' elements to create your own unique garments. Special features include tips on combining pattern cutting with modelling techniques and advice on using stretch fabrics. Design elements include: sleeveless bodices, backless bodices, wrapover bodices, ruched bodices, flare skirts, full skirts, set-in sleeves, yoked trousers, jersey dresses, Empire line dresses, low necklines, wide necklines, draped bodices, close-fit skirts, godets, close-fitting sleeves, short sleeves, tapered trousers, bias-cut dresses, strapless dresses, hipsters, plunge necklines, asymmetrical bodices, strapless bodices, draped necklines, fishtail skirts, separate sleeves, jackets, high-waisted trousers, panelled dresses, backless dresses and waistbands.
This book is a collection of 220 daily channelled messages from a collective of divine feminine beings that were provided to offer support and guidance through a storm of the soul kind of time for the author. The messages bring us back to our divine feminine ways of being that include love, nurturing, and self-compassion; yet also include messages of strength and perseverance. The goal was always to share them in the format of a book when the author was ready, and here they are. This book is meant to provide both a one-time read and an ongoing delivery of random messages whenever the reader picks it up and randomly chooses a page. It provides the reader with a sense of being divinely loved, supported, and guided with every message.
Offering an examination of the diplomatic and economic regional power structures in Africa and their relationships with each other, Dawn Nagar discusses the potential and future of pan-Africanism. The three primary regional economic communities (RECs) that are recognised by the African Union as the key building blocks of a united Africa are examined - these are the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), the East African Community (EAC) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC). These RECS include Africa's major economies – Egypt, South Africa, and Kenya but are also home to Africa's most conflict prone and volatile states – the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Burundi, South Sudan, Somalia and Lesotho. Providing a detailed overview of the current relationship between these power blocs, this book provides insight into the current state of diplomatic and economic relations within Africa and shows how far there is to go for a future of Pan-Africanism.
Jackals Wedding, my story within a family story set in India, the land of my birth, tells of a past of puzzling opposites. "Tigers, and oil, and tea are all I remember," I once blithely answered an Indian professor whod taken me for a whirl. When he stopped dead, held me at arms length and searched my eyes, I had to think twice about the superficial untruth Id blurted. There were many parts of my early life Id locked away in the dark, just like my mother, and my grandmother before her. The good things that surfaced were idealized, airbrushed into scenes worthy of Kipling, or The Little Princess. I knew the romantic version, but what was the truth? What had really happened during those years in India? How had my mother and father became ensnared in a storm and sun relationship, a "jackals wedding," with my sister and me dragged along unwittingly? How had the exigencies of wartime prevented them from dealing with their own blow-ups? What was the big taboo within our family? Why so many secrets locked away, as my mothers heart had seemed locked to me? I was hungry to know the truth, so I began to dig down to the beginning through my first memories that are entwined with the unrest of the times. With a stroke of serendipity, my husband convinced me I must return to India, the land of my birth, and my childhood home in Dehra Dun. During this trip together, time spans were erased. People stepped forward to help. Images and voices and feelings came flooding back, and I was ready to examine them as Id examined the belongings that had traveled half the world in battered leather cases. Brought to light, the joys of my childhood flashed vivid and fragile as glass bangles. Fears that had lurked large as nightmare lions and scary as snakes dissolved like thunderheads shrinking and fading into a quiet sky. In Jackals Wedding, the stories of the child I was and the woman Ive become are braided with my mothers story and the stories she told. Many times during the writing, it seemed she was back, whispering in my ear what she wasnt able to tell, in life. I am still searching for my father.
This book concerns the United Nations’ peacemaking, peacekeeping, peace-building, and post-conflict reconstruction efforts in Africa from 1960 to 2021. Succinctly discussed are historic and contemporary peace, security, and economic engagements within 18 countries spanning eight African regions: the Great Lakes; the Economic Community of Central African States; East Africa; the Horn of Africa; North Africa; the Sahel Region; West Africa; and Southern Africa. The book develops a neo-realist and imperialist critique that discusses how resource-rich, conflict-ridden states have become easy targets for capitalists, terrorists, and transnational crime, aligned to geostrategic parochial interests. Critically argued is that endogenous economic growth factors, if applied effectively, can achieve both peace and security, and meet the Global Sustainable Development Goals. Such efforts require constructive engagement with the five permanent members of the UN Security Council: China, France, Russia, the UK, and the US. However, the book contends that the cornerstone of multilateral engagement involves Africa’s 55 states and the African Union’s three major pillars: the Peace and Security Council, the African Governance Architecture, and the Post-Conflict Reconstruction Development Centre, which have the ability to move resource-rich, conflict-ridden states out of transnational crime and poverty. This book offers wide-ranging analyses of contemporary African diplomacy and a compelling critique of UN peacekeeping efforts in Africa, which resonates to scholars of international relations, peace and conflict studies, and African politics.
The career of the German-American painter and educator Hans Hofmann (1880–1966) describes the arc of artistic modernism from pre–World War I Munich and Paris to mid twentieth-century Greenwich Village. His career also traces the transatlantic engagement of modern painting with the materials of its own making, a relationship that is perhaps still not completely understood. In these interrelated narratives, Hofmann is a central protagonist, providing a vital link between nineteenth- and twentieth-century art practice and between European and American modernism. The remarkable vitality of his later work affords insight not only into the style but also the literal substance of this formative period of artistic and material innovation. This richly illustrated book, the fourth in the Getty Conservation Institute’s Artist’s Materials series, presents a thorough examination of Hofmann’s late-career materials. Initial chapters present an informative overview of Hofmann’s life and work in Europe and America and discuss his crucial role in the development of Abstract Expressionism. Subsequent chapters present a detailed analysis of Hofmann’s materials and techniques and explore the relationship of the artist’s mature palette to shifts in the style and aging characteristics of his paintings. The book concludes with lessons for the conservation of modernist paintings generally, and particularly those that incorporate both traditional and modern paint media. This book will be of value to conservators, art historians, conservation scientists, and general readers with an interest in modern art.
Challenging assumptions about women's magazines, Currie looks at young readers and how they interpret the message of magazines in their everyday lives. A fascinating, sometimes surprising study of young women and their relationship with print media.
Fifteen specialists serve as chapter authors, covering sex hormones and genetics, as well as the social, cultural, psychiatric, and psychological factors that contribute to headache disorders. Their approach is evidence-based, but where there are gaps in research, the authors provide advice based on expert consensus and clinical experience. Each chapter opens with a case report that synthesizes the chapter's treatment recommendations, as well as key points listing the chapter's contents. The main body of the chapter features an introductory overview, a closing summary, tables, and an extensive list of suggestive reading.
When Damon Wessex, commander of England's Royal Black Guard retires, William, the King of England, sets forth a new approach to dealing with their enemies. Just as skilled, just as fearsome and just as deadly as the king's personal assassin, there is one thing that sets them apart - their gender. Born in the shadows, her identity kept secret from the king's closest advisors, she carries out missions so sensitive that she simply does not exist. NO MERCY is the story of the beautiful but deadly assassin, Serenah Salvatori. Her job is to dispose of individuals whom society deems to be a dark curse upon its people and she does so with brutal efficiency. However, when such a mission goes horribly wrong and she is captured, the king knows only one course of action. Given no name, other than an identifiable birthmark, he sends Damon on a treacherous assignment to infiltrate France's notorious Clairvaux Prison to free her before her relationship to the king is exposed and she is executed. After her successful rescue, she recuperates while still pondering the identity of her unforgettable rescuer. Without the king's permission, Serenah embarks on a dangerous mission to England on behalf of a victim of a malicious crime lord who has penetrated London's underground. She attends a masquerade ball to lure him to his death, however, soon discovers her mission compromised. Undeterred, she wages a war against England's untouchable, high society while Damon is one-step behind her unraveling her closely guarded secrets and determined to protect her.
In this sequel to "The Red Thread", the sexy Regency-style romance set in the exotic East, Charlotte Macleod is nineteen, pregnant, and alone in 1842. She is fleeing a scandalous liaison with her married Chinese lover, a liaison which would bring ruin on him, herself, and her brother, Robert, the police chief of Singapore. When Tigran Manouk, forty, and the richest merchant in Batavia, capital of the Dutch East Indies, asks for her hand in marriage, the choice is no choice. Through loss and pain, Charlotte will find a way to make a life with a man she does not love in a town she does not understand. Until she returns to Singapore, to the town where the man she loves waits for her, to face the hardest decision of her life. This is Vol.2 in "The Straits Quartet".
Migraine is an extremely common condition affecting 28 million Americans. Fully 1 in every 6 adult women suffers from this malady. Patients with migraine are frequently seen in the Emergency Room and Urgent Care Clinic for acute treatment of their headaches. Headache generally accounts for nearly 3 % of all ER visits, resulting in almost 3.5 million visits annually. There currently are no widely used guidelines for the treatment of patients with headache in the ER or UCC, and reducing the number of CT scans remains a key goal for administrators in many ER or urgent care settings. In one study, 35 drugs, alone or in combination, were used to treat migraine. The most common medication class used was narcotics, which were used in 25% of the visits. The next two most commonly used classes were antiemetics and NSAIDs. Only 5% of patients seen for headache received headache-specific medications during their visit. ER and Urgent Care physicians generally have little or no formal training in treating these patients. Consequently, they often feel less comfortable ruling out secondary causes of headaches and using appropriate headache treatment medications and procedures. Since many patients have received narcotics in previous visits, providers may view them as drug seekers. Patients seen in ERs and UCCs for acute treatment of their headaches often report high levels of dissatisfaction. They often end up in the ER or UCC because they don’t have a formal treatment strategy for their severe headaches. Health plans and insurance agencies are often frustrated by the high cost of fragmented care for patients with headaches. Because of the environment that most ER and UCC providers operate in, many unnecessary scans and tests are done because of uncertainty of the diagnosis and unfamiliarity of the patient. Primary care physicians are also frustrated by patients with headaches presenting to them after being seen in the ER or UCC, wanting a refill of their narcotics that they were given. Many patients don’t follow up with their PCPs and simply keep returning to the ER/UCC for their treatment. In short, all involved in the care for patients with headache are frustrated by the current system. The care for these patients is clearly not optimal. It doesn’t have to be that way. There are a wide variety of effective treatment options available, but are underutilized in the acute setting. With these treatment options, patients no longer have to be treated only with parenteral narcotics, only to perpetuate the cycle of suboptimal care described above. This concise handbook covers all aspects of acute headache care, including care of the child and adolescent with acute headaches, treatment of pregnant and breastfeeding women with acute headaches and appropriate evaluation of secondary headaches. In addition, two other novel chapters are included: one on caring for older patients with acute headaches as well as a chapter describing how to ensure a seamless transition of the patient back to a headache interested provider. Representing an important milestone in the care of patients with headache, this is the first concise handbook available to exclusively address the issue of headache treatment in the acute care setting. Including protocols and strategies that can be used right away, Management of Headaches in Emergency Room and Urgent Care Settings: Diagnosis and Management provides information about lesser known, but effective strategies such as greater occipital nerve blocks that can be easily learned and incorporated in the acute care setting. It emphasizes the continuity of care that is so vital to keep headache patients from returning to the ER and UCC for acute treatment.
This groundbreaking, new book offers a sophisticated approach to the challenges of developing marketing theories and practices that take into account the need for cross-cultural marketing in multi-cultural societies.
Snow has settled into her new life in the magical Whispering Willows. But now that Snow and her “Prince Charming” have found each other, they must still face obstacles to their happiness together. With the help of a new dwarf friend...who may have secrets of his own, Snow must battle the witch and uncover the mysteries of the magic mirror in the mine. ‘Mirror, Mirror’ is the third book in the Whispering Willows series.
Life's Fight, Love's Might is a controversial true story about Lorna, a courageous determined Australian woman whose life was ravaged by the betrayal of her family, her employers, the Christian church, the judicial system and sanctioned abuse by the state and federal governments. Lorna stood alone against the world that's until she meets Rod, a surfie who sweeps her off her feet. Unfortunately, their fervent love also feels the smack of betrayal, which nearly destroys them both, but ultimately they stand united with trust, love and loyalty. When Rod enlists, Lorna becomes an excellent army wife. She learns how to compromise, because the army must come first. She becomes independent and resourceful while her soldier is away, supporting him all the way up the ranks to Warrant Office. Rod's postings take Lorna and their two children to Sydney, Papua New Guinea, Canberra and Melbourne. Lorna finds each posting is fraught with its own kind of agony, with Papua New Guinea being the worst of all. She survives unbelievable traumas, which befall her and her family. Then she faces the failures of the Australian Defence Force and the Department of Veterans' Affairs. To the Australian people these two systems appear to be functioning at an optimum for the serving members of the ADF, veterans' and their families respectively, but it only appears that they are. Lorna also gives accounts of how the leadership within the Christian community believes it is above the law of the land, and how the judicial system aides the church's betrayal of trust. In the end, Lorna's resilience and strength wins through to overcome the impossible, leading her to write this inspiring book.
Have you ever been in the dark and unable to see? You may have felt afraid, lost, or disoriented. Imagine being in complete darkness every day of your life and being expected to function normally. Jeanette is 16 years old and blind. Follow her struggles and triumphs as she maneuvers her way through the challenges of life. In this book you will see how with determination, perseverance, love, and a "you can do anything you set your mind to attitude" you can be successful at every stage of your journey.
One convenient download. One bargain price. Get all April Harlequin Blaze with one click! Everybody's got the fever...spring fever, that is. And here are six sizzling stories of passion so hot it's guaranteed to make your temperature rise. Bundle includes One for the Road by Crystal Green, Sex, Straight Up by Kathleen O'Reilly, French Kissing by Nancy Warren, Drop Dead Gorgeous by Kimberly Raye, No Stopping Now by Dawn Atkins and Putting It to the Test by Lori Borrill.
Listen to Classic Rock! Exploring a Musical Genre provides an overview of this diverse and complex musical genre for scholars of classic rock and curious novices alike, with a focus on 50 must-hear musicians, songwriters, bands, and albums. Listen to Classic Rock! Exploring a Musical Genre explores in detail the genesis, evolution, and proliferation of classic rock. It begins with a background on the development of classic rock and its subgenres. Next, an A to Z listing of artists (musicians, songwriters, and bands), albums, important concerts, and songs; a chapter on classic rock's impact on popular culture; a chapter on classic rock's legacy; and a bibliography. This organization gives readers the choice of starting from the beginning to learn how classic rock and each of its subgenres emerged after rock and roll or skip ahead to a specific artist, recording, or song in the Must-Hear Music section. This volume stands out from other resources on classic rock for its listening-centered approach. Most books on classic rock focus on trivia, history, terminology, or criticism. It also explores the sound of the music of important artists and offers musical analyses that are accessible to upper-level high school and lower-level undergraduates while at the same time maintaining the interest of classic rock aficionados and scholars.
It is sometime after the turn of the century in Lamptown, Ohio, a working-class town filled with factory girls. Every Thursday night at the Casino Dance Hall above Bauer's Chop House and across the street from Elsinore Abbott's Bon Ton Hat Shop and Bill Delaney's Saloon and Billiard Parlor, women and a few men gather to escape their pedestrian lives in fantasy, and sometimes to live out these fantasies. Observing all are the novel's two young protagonists, Morry, who dreams of becoming an architect and developer, and Jen, an unsentimental orphan of fourteen who, abandoned by her mother, dreams of escape.
Patients with chronic pain present a unique set of challenges to the primary care clinician. In Chronic Pain: A Primary Care Guide to Practical Management, leading pain specialist Dawn A. Marcus, MD, offers practical, clear, and succinct evidence-based approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of the myriad of painful conditions clinicians see in their offices every day, such as headache, back pain, arthritis, fibromyalgia, and abdominal pain. Using an engaging case-based approach, the author simplifies the often complex care of patients with chronic pain by providing practical strategies for targeting important symptoms, establishing realistic treatment goals, and efficiently and effectively managing patients. Clinic-friendly instructional sheets (questionnaires, diaries, and chart documentation tools) can be copied directly from the book and used for both education and the monitoring of therapeutic compliance and response. Importantly, Dr. Marcus offers all of these practical applications in the context of the busy office practice. The author also presents invaluable guidelines for prescribing medications and nonmedicative therapies, and provides descriptions, illustrations, and diagnostic criteria to help identify specific, commonly occurring syndromes that produce chronic pain. Additional features include sections on opioid therapy and on chronic pain in special patient groups such as children and adolescents, pregnant women, and geriatrics. Also included is a value-added compact disk containing a companion ebook version of the book for downloading and use in the reader's computer or PDA, and continuing medical education (CME) questions that provide the opportunity to acquire 5 AMA/PRA category 1 CME credits from the American Society of Contemporary Medicine and Surgery. Comprehensive and case-oriented, Chronic Pain: A Primary Care Guide to Practical Management offers busy health care providers a practice-friendly approach to assessing and managing the often complex and time-consuming problems of chronic pain.
Where's Ralphie? is a family screenplay by Dawn Greenfield Ireland. Logline: A single dad discovers his daughter’s imaginary friend is real… and he’s an invisible, highly trained dog fleeing from the government. Synopsis: Gary Smalley, a widower and inventor with two young daughters is worried about Ginger, his 6-year-old.She’s had a make-believe friend for a while and bugs Gary to get a dog because Buttercup, the cat, isn’t any fun. Clem, Ginger’s older sister, is too wrapped up in sports to pay much attention to Ginger. Diane, Gary’s best friend and secret admirer, has a government contract to train dogs for espionage. A special blue formula makes the dogs invisible. The Chief sends special agents Mr. Water and Mr. Blue, to the training facility for an update. The government guys are all agog over the Star-Warsey vault that contains the training course and the HAL 2000 Dog Monitor computer – Gary’s creations. While performing a live test downtown, Seventy-Six, a Jack Russell Terrier and Diane’s star pupil, becomes partially visible. Everyone panics: glitches are traceable. Even with the flaw, Seventy-Six completes the mission undetected. Mr. Blue tells Diane the mission is a success and for her to hand over Seventy-Six; he’s needed right away in the government’s war against terrorists. Diane is gobsmacked by this bit of news. She trained the dogs for espionage. HAL instructs Seventy-Six to run. As Gary leaves the patent office, Seventy-Six jumps in the back of his SUV and discovers Ginger’s missing doll. Seventy-Six, invisible, jumps on Ginger. She screams up a storm as she's pushed down and licked. When she discovers that he’s a real invisible dog, she’s thrilled. She names him Ralphie. Gary and Clem thinks Ginger’s new dog is make believe. Mr. Blue and Mr. Water search for Ralphie while Diane is distraught at losing her beloved dog and possibly her government contract. Gary and Clem finally realize that Ralphie is a real dog, and one of Gary’s inventions allows them to see him, if only briefly. Diane asks Gary to help her devise a plan to keep him safe from the government agents. Mr. Water and Mr. try to capture Ralphie. They break into the Smalley home at night, but he keeps alluding them. Ralphie sneaks out one night to scare the agents away; Ginger sneaks out after him. At the crack of dawn, Gary, Diane and Clem discover Ginger and Ralphie missing -- possibly kidnapped and dognapped. They set out to find and rescue them with the aid of Gary’s invention. It’s a happy ending for all. The Chief retires Ralphie and Ginger gets to keep him. Diane is awarded the full contract for her espionage program. Mr. Water shows up with a government contract for two of Gary’s inventions.
Whether you want to play on the pro tour or just have some fun with America's fastest indoor sport, this book is for you. It gives you: All the rules, as compiled by the experts who play and win by them; Tips for keeping your game on cue; A pocket history of the game and its greats.
This book would suit both MALE AND FEMALE READERS. Based on a charismatic detective Parker Lamont, in Canberra, Australias National Capital, and his pursuit of a sniper on a black unmarked motorbike, who is holding the National Capital to ransom as he strikes on random days, always at 3pm. In the background, the lives of four women are wound into the story. The main female character, Debbie, suffers from low esteem with women but has a way with men!
Why does political decentralization seem reduce intrastate conflict more in some countries than in others? This question constitutes the central focus of Peace by Design. Brancati argues that the ability of decentralization to reduce intrastate conflict hinges on the electoral strength of regional parties. According to Brancati, regional parties tend to promote intrastate conflict by creating regional identities, advocating legislation harmful to other regions and regional minorities, and mobilizing groups to engage in conflict or supporting extremist organizations that do. Brancati also highlights a number of conditions under which regional parties are more likely to promote conflict, such as democratic transitions. Brancati further argues that decentralization increases the strength of regional parties depending on particular features of decentralization (i.e., the proportion of legislative seats a region possesses, the number of regional legislatures in a country, the upper house election procedures, the sequencing of national and regional elections). These features of decentralization vary across countries and are fundamental to explaining why decentralization is not effective in reducing conflict in all countries. Brancati's ultimate conclusion is that decentralization can be effectively designed to promote peace, as long as it is designed to encourage statewide parties to incorporate regional parties into their agendas and to limit the strength of regional parties. The author provides compelling evidence for her argument through three detailed cases studies (e.g., Czechoslovakia, Spain, and India) and a rigorous quantitative analysis in which she introduces a new dataset on constituency-level elections that will prove an invaluable resource for many future studies.
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