Liquid metal alloys are of rapidly increasing interest in electronics because they combine the high electrical conductivity of metals with the ease of manipulation and reconfiguration of liquids. The book focuses on such issues as self-assembled monolayers, energy-harvesting, reconfigurable and flexible antennae, sensors, conformable electronics, the creation of non-wetting super-hydrophobic or super-lyophobic surfaces, vacuum-assisted infiltration techniques, development of microfluidics, deformable electrodes and wearable electronics. The book references 270 original resources and includes their direct web link for in-depth reading. Keywords: Liquid Metals, Gallium-Indium Alloys, Galinstan, EGaIn, Self-Assembled Monolayers, Energy-Harvesting, Reconfigurable Antennae, Sensors, Conformable Electrodes, Stretchable Wires and Interconnects, Self-Healing Circuits, Gallium-Lyophilic Surfaces, Wettability of Liquid Metal, Substrate Topology, Selective Wetting Deposition Technique, Gallium-Indium Droplets on Thin Metal Films, Substrate Texture upon Wetting, Dielectrophoresis, Microfluidics, Deformable Electrodes, Wearable Electronics, Flexible Antennae, Surface Oxidation of Alloys.
Topological semimetals are quantum materials that are not only extremely interesting from a theoretical point of view but also have a great potential for technological applications in which superconducting, semiconducting and other semimetal behaviors are involved. Keywords: Quantum Materials, Macroscopic Quantum Phenomena, Topological Semimetals, Dirac Semimetals, Weyl Semimetals, Nodal-Line Semimetals, Antimony and Antimonides, Antimonene, Arsenides, Bismuthides, Boron, Borides, Borophene, Carbon and Carbides, Chalcogenides, Nitrides, Phosphorus, Phosphides, Silicides, Topological Metals, Topological States of Matter.
Bonding by Self-Propagating Reaction represents a highly promising approach for the joining of dissimilar materials in such fields as microelectronics, infrared sensors, micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), aerospace and nuclear industries, and surface engineering for chemical, mechanical and microsystems applications. The technique leads to high bonding strengths and low rates of damage on substrates. Another advantage is that it does not require high processing temperatures. The book is based on 251 original resources and includes their direct web link for in-depth reading.
The book reviews the Hall-Petch law, one of the most useful equations of materials science, and the reverse or inverse Hall-Petch relation, which is particular important for controlling the strength of nanocrystalline materials. Theoretical models, experimental data and practical aspects are discussed, making reference to a total of 396 original resources with their direct web link for in-depth reading.
The book presents a complete overview on the topic of Transient Liquid Phase Bonding (TLPB) which has many high-tech applications, ranging from the production and repair of turbine engines in the aerospace industry, to nuclear power plants and the connection of circuit lines in the microelectronics industry. The TLPB process and its specific applications are presented in great detail: Self-Bonding of Pure Materials; Bonding Different Pure Materials; Self-Bonding of Composites; Self-Bonding of Simple Alloys; Self-Bonding of Complex Alloys; Bonding Same-Base Alloys; Bonding Different-Base Alloys; Bonding Ceramics to Ceramics; Bonding Ceramics to Metals. The book references 483 original resources and includes their direct web link for in-depth reading.
Lead halide perovskite materials have a huge potential in solar cell technology. They offer the combined advantages of low-cost preparation and high power-conversion efficiency. The present review focusses on the following topics: Power Conversion Efficiency; Electron Transport, Hole Transport and Interface Layers; Material Preparation; Cesium-Doped Lead-Halide Perovskites; Formamidinium-Doped Lead-Halide Perovskites; Methylammonium Lead-Halide Perovskites; Hysteresis, Stability and Toxicity Problems. The book references 334 original resources and includes their direct web link for in-depth reading. Keywords: Solar Cells, Lead Halide Perovskite Materials, Cesium-Doped Lead-Halide Perovskites, Formamidinium-Doped Lead-Halide Perovskites, Methylammonium Lead-Halide Perovskites, Electron-Transport Layer, Hole-Transport Layer, Interface Layers, Hysteresis Problem, Stability Problem, Toxicity Problem.
Rhenium disulfide, especially in low-dimensional form, is a subject of lively research into its electronic and optical properties. The field of twodimensional materials such as graphene and its analogues has been growing very rapidly. This class of materials also includes rhenium disulfide and rhenium diselenide, which belong to the transition-metal dichalcogenide family. Due to their reduced crystal symmetry, they exhibit distinct electrical and optical characteristics along certain in-plane crystal directions. The group-VI members such as molybdenum and tungsten are the most typical ones, but group-VII rhenium disulfide has been attracting most attention of late because of its unusual structural, electro-optical and chemical properties; especially an indirect-to-direct band-gap transition which occurs when thinned down from bulk to monolayer. The group-VI transition-metal dichalcogenides have a 1H, 2H, 3R or 1T structure, whereas ReS2 has a distorted 1T structure which imparts an in-plane anisotropy to its physical properties. Few other materials (black phosphorus, ReSe2, TiS3, ZrS3) exhibit such an in-plane structural anisotropy. This makes ReS2 unique among the transition-metal chalcogenides. Atomically thin rhenium disulphide is characterized by weak interlayer coupling and a distorted 1T structure, which leads to the anisotropy in optical and electrical properties. It also possesses structural and vibrational anisotropy, layer-independent electrical and optical properties and metal-free magnetism. In these respects, it differs from group-VI transition-metal dichalcogenides such as MoS2, MoSe2, WS2 and WSe2. It is already being used in solid-state electronics, catalysis, energy storage and energy-harvesting applications.
Design and operation of Janus particles have a great potential for applications in fields such as environmental remediation, electronic engineering, bio-imaging, bio-sensing, drug delivery and other biomedical tasks. Current research aims to imitate the molecular motors of biological systems by creating micro- and nano-scale particles which can exploit chemical energy so as to produce directional motion. The assembling of self-propelled particles and their movement can be controlled by using external fields, especially magnetic fields. The book references 332 original resources and includes their direct web link for in-depth reading. Keywords: Janus Particles, Bio-imaging, Bio-sensing, Drug Delivery, Environmental Remediation, Electronic Engineering, Asymmetrical Colloidal Particles, Catalysis-propelled Particles , Nanoscale Engines, Chemical Asymmetry, Self-propulsion, Diffusiophoresis, Electrophoresis, Thermophoresis, Bubble Generation, External Propulsion, Radiation Effects, Electric Field, Magnetic Field, Gravitaxis, Barrier Effects.
Metal-Organic Framework Materials (MOFs) are well suited for absorbing carbon dioxide. MOFs can form highly-porous structures with great adsorption capacities. They also offer good catalytic properties and much research refers to the relationship between catalytic performance and framework structure. In addition to simple CO2 absorption, there are other interesting applications, such as the direct electrochemical reduction into useful chemicals and fuels, the conversion of CO2 into methanol, the electrochemical reduction of CO2, or electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution (thus boosting the ‘hydrogen economy’). The book references 295 original resources and includes their direct web link for in-depth reading. Keywords: Global Warming, Carbon Dioxide Capture, Metal-Organic Frameworks MOFs, Adsorbents for CO2, Porous Solids, Catalytic Performance, Synthesis of MOFs, Conversion of CO2 into Methanol, Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution, Hydrogen Economy, Gas Adsorption, Gas Separation, Organic Ligands, Metal Ion Clusters.
Additive manufacturing of metals is an increasingly important process for producing or repairing structural components in the aerospace, medical and dental industries. The book reviews the various techniques that are currently in use and describes the many possible applications. The review is based on 350 original resources and includes their direct web link for in-depth reading. Keywords: Additive Manufacturing, 3-Dimensional Printing,, Layered Manufacturing, Titanium Alloys, Nickel Alloys, Iron Alloys, Stainless Steels, Aluminium, Cobalt, Copper, Magnesium, Niobium, Tantal, Tin, Tungsten, Zinc, Porous Metals, Biomedical Materials, Orthopaedic Devices, Dental Implants, Aerospace Components, Laser Melting, Electron-Beam Melting.
Mechanochromism (or piezochromism) refers to the emission of radiation as a result of the stressing, deforming or breaking of solids. The great current interest in these processes is due to the immense potential for monitoring and recording stresses, wear and fracture. There is, for instance, the possibility of turning such materials into optical pressuresensors and structural damage sensors. Mechanochromic polymers, for example, could visually signal sub-micron damage and failure long before macroscopic cracks became detectable. The range of such high-tech applications is almost unlimited. The book references 325 original resources and includes their direct web link for in-depth reading.
The present monograph focuses on the very fruitful method of equating particle-physics phenomena - where the speed of light is a key factor – to dislocation-motion in solids – where the speed of sound plays an analogous role. The so-called ‘dusty plasma’ has proved to be a very useful substitute and its use confirms that the particle/dislocation analogy is well-founded.
This volume presents a summary of relevant diffusion data. Enormous amount of research has been expended on the option of storing the hydrogen in solid metal alloys. The loading of metals with hydrogen, and its extraction, depends upon several processes. It is found that the slowest, and therefore the rate-determining process is hydrogen diffusion in the solid.
There are relatively few revolutions in the venerable and rather staid field of metallurgy. One can count among them the advent of metallic glasses, of superplastic metals, or of memory-alloys. The latest revolution involves the relatively staid topic of alloy formulation, but is all the more startling because the resultant materials break every long-cherished rule of alloy design. In particular, the famous empirical rules of Hume-Rothery are completely ignored. That is, in the archetypal high-entropy alloy, five metals are alloyed together in equal proportions regardless of atomic-size difference, valence or crystal structure. Commonsense would tell any experienced metallurgist that that could result only in a uselessly brittle mass of intermetallic compounds. But in a truly paradigm-shifting manner, Professor J.W.Yeh of Taiwan correctly predicted that a high configurational entropy could suppress the appearance of detrimental intermetallic compounds and lead to simple familiar microstructures having very useful properties. High-Entropy Alloys can exhibit, for instance, astounding hardness and strength and also have a very good corrosion resistance. The present book summarises the microstructures and properties of all of the high-entropy alloys.
The recycling of rare earth elements is one of the great challenges for establishing a green economy. Rare earths play an essential role in a great many high-tech products and processes: electronic display screens , computer monitors, cell phones, rechargeable batteries, high-strength magnets, catalytic converters, fluorescent lamps etc. Recycling these materials not only results in valuable materials for new products; it also helps in reducing mountains of discarded products. The recycling methods discussed include bioleaching, biosorption, siderophores, algae and seaweed. carbon-based nanomaterials, silica, pyrometallurgy, electrochemistry, hydrometallurgy, solvent extraction and the use of various absorbents. The book references 253 original resources with their direct web links for in-depth reading. Keywords: Rare Earths, Bioleaching, Biosorption, Siderophores, Algae, Seaweed. Carbon-based Nanomaterials, Silica, Pyrometallurgy, Electrochemistry, Hydrometallurgy, Solvent Extraction, Absorbents, Ash, Slag, Red Mud, Contaminated Soil.
Since the 4th 1998 edition, there have been numerous crucial advances to the modelling and the basic understanding of solidification phenomena, and with its linking to experimental results. These topics have been incorporated into this 5th Fully Revised Edition, as well as a new final chapter on microstructure selection which explains how to combine the concepts of the preceding chapters for modelling real microstructures, in complex processes such as additive manufacturing. With its numerous new topics - also borne out by the new authorship - students and teachers, scientists and engineers will greatly benefit from this new book. The topics are presented in the same praised manner as in previous editions, readable at three levels: - an initial feel for the subject is obtained by consulting the figures and their detailed captions; - a deeper understanding of the underlying physics is found by working through the main text; - 15 appendices offer a detailed analysis of the various theories, by providing detailed derivations of the relevant equations. Particularly Novel: the final chapter 8 on microstructure-selection explains how to combine the concepts of the preceding chapters to model the real microstructures formed during complex processes such as additive manufacturing, and the new detailed phase-field appendix which opens the door to the accurate computer-modelling of growth-forms. This new 5th edition is of high interest to undergraduate and graduate levels and professionals. For orders you are welcome to download the Order Form.
Solutions Manual is a companion book to the Fundamentals of Solidification 5th edition offering model solutions to 133 problems (exercises). The 5th edition of Fundamentals of Solidification (2023) includes new contributions on phase-field modelling and a new 8th Chapter on microstructure selection. It explains how to combine the concepts of the seven preceding chapters of the book so as to model the real microstructures that form during complex processes such as additive manufacturing ... which are still a challenge or are out of reach of numerical simulation. This Solutions Manual, together with the 5th edition of the main text, will offer its readership a good start in the field, and prepare them for tackling more involved treatments of solidification. Fundamentals of Solidification 5th fully revised edition
This is the eBook of the printed book and may not include any media, website access codes, or print supplements that may come packaged with the bound book. An easy-to-read and highly visual “diameter of electrodes” approach to welding. Most textbooks do not cover smaller diameter electrodes well. Welding does. With over 50 years combined experience, the authors have created a book that is both reference-friendly and incredibly engaging to students and professionals alike. With setups for every important weld and step-by-step procedures and photos for every step, this is the only book on welding you will ever need. Welding provides readers with cleanly designed and concise chapters. Essential coverage of safety, theory, key skills, easy-to-read reference charts and tables, detailed step-by-step procedures, and a strong emphasis on the diameter of electrodes is covered in a simple, yet comprehensive way. After an introduction to welding and to welding safety, each major welding process is presented in its own chapter so they can easily be discussed in the classroom. Following the weld processes, chapters focus on critical topics such as codes, destructive and non-destructive weld testing, welding symbols, welding metallurgy, welding ferrous and nonferrous alloys, and welding power sources. The Second Edition has been updated to include a new chapter on pipe welding and techniques, a new macro look at metallurgy, and a more procedural approach to welding alloys. Welding codes and testing have also been split into two separate chapters, for accessibility and ease of use.
The present monograph summarizes all of the work carried out on such monolayer materials up to the beginning of 2017 including Antimonene, Arsenene, Bismuthene, Borophene, Germanene, Indiene, Phosphorene, Silicene, Stanene, Tinene.
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