Metal-air batteries (MABs) have attracted attention because of their high specific energy, low cost, and safety features. This book discusses science and technology including material selection, synthesis, characterization, and their applications in MABs. It comprehensively describes various composite bifunctional electrocatalysts, corrosion/oxidation of carbon-containing air cathode catalysts, and how improvements can be achieved in the catalytic activities of oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction and their durability/stability. This book also analyzes, compares, and discusses composite bifunctional electrocatalysts in the applications of MABs, matching the fast information of commercial MABs in requirements. Aimed at researchers and industry professionals, this comprehensive work provides readers with an appreciation for what bifunctional composite electrocatalysts are capable of, how this field has grown in the past decades, and how bifunctional composite electrocatalysts can significantly improve the performance of MABs. It also offers suggestions for future research directions to overcome technical challenges and further facilitate research and development in this important area.
Mechanochromism (or piezochromism) refers to the emission of radiation as a result of the stressing, deforming or breaking of solids. The great current interest in these processes is due to the immense potential for monitoring and recording stresses, wear and fracture. There is, for instance, the possibility of turning such materials into optical pressuresensors and structural damage sensors. Mechanochromic polymers, for example, could visually signal sub-micron damage and failure long before macroscopic cracks became detectable. The range of such high-tech applications is almost unlimited. The book references 325 original resources and includes their direct web link for in-depth reading.
This book introduces readers to the most advanced research results on Design for Manufacturability (DFM) with multiple patterning lithography (MPL) and electron beam lithography (EBL). The authors describe in detail a set of algorithms/methodologies to resolve issues in modern design for manufacturability problems with advanced lithography. Unlike books that discuss DFM from the product level or physical manufacturing level, this book describes DFM solutions from a circuit design level, such that most of the critical problems can be formulated and solved through combinatorial algorithms.
This updated edition of Stroke: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management delivers convenient access to the latest research findings and management approaches for cerebrovascular disease. Picking up from where J. P. Mohr and colleagues left off, a new team of editors — Drs. Grotta, Albers, Broderick, Kasner, Lo, Mendelow, Sacco, and Wong — head the sixth edition of this classic text, which is authored by the world’s foremost stroke experts. Comprehensive, expert clinical guidance enables you to recognize the clinical manifestations of stroke, use the latest laboratory and imaging studies to arrive at a diagnosis, and generate an effective medical and surgical treatment plan. Abundant full-color CT images and pathology slides help you make efficient and accurate diagnoses. Data from late-breaking endovascular trials equips you with recent findings. Includes comprehensive coverage of advances in molecular biology of cell death; risk factors and prevention; advances in diagnostics and stroke imaging; and therapeutic options, including a thorough review of thrombolytic agents and emerging data for endovascular therapy. Features brand-new chapters on Intracellular Signaling: Mediators and Protective Responses; The Neurovascular Unit and Responses to Ischemia; Mechanisms of Cerebral Hemorrhage; Stroke Related to Surgery and Other Procedures; Cryptogenic Stroke; and Interventions to Improve Recovery after Stroke. Highlights new information on genetic risk factors; primary prevention of stroke; infectious diseases and stroke; recovery interventions such as robotics, brain stimulation, and telerehabilitation; and trial design. Details advances in diagnostic tests, such as ultrasound, computed tomography (including CT angiography and CT perfusion), MRI (including MR perfusion techniques), and angiography. Includes extracted and highlighted evidence levels. Expert Consult eBook version included with print purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, and references on a variety of devices. The content can also be downloaded to tablets and smart phones for offline use.
Guest edited by David Hunter, this issue of Rheumatic Disease Clinics provides an update on the latest diagnosis, treatment and long-term management strategies for osteoarthritis. Topics to be covered include pathogenesis, joint mechanics, imaging of osteoarthritis, muscle and disease genesis, disease modification, and surgical strategies for treatment.
Offered in print, online, and downloadable formats, this updated edition of Stroke: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management delivers convenient access to the latest research findings and management approaches for cerebrovascular disease. Picking up from where J. P. Mohr and colleagues left off, a new team of editors - Drs. Grotta, Albers, Broderick, Kasner, Lo, Mendelow, Sacco, and Wong - head the sixth edition of this classic text, which is authored by the world's foremost stroke experts. Comprehensive, expert clinical guidance enables you to recognize the clinical manifestations of stroke, use the latest laboratory and imaging studies to arrive at a diagnosis, and generate an effective medical and surgical treatment plan. Abundant full-color CT images and pathology slides help you make efficient and accurate diagnoses. Data from late-breaking endovascular trials equips you with recent findings. Includes comprehensive coverage of advances in molecular biology of cell death; risk factors and prevention; advances in diagnostics and stroke imaging; and therapeutic options, including a thorough review of thrombolytic agents and emerging data for endovascular therapy. Features brand-new chapters on Intracellular Signaling: Mediators and Protective Responses; The Neurovascular Unit and Responses to Ischemia; Mechanisms of Cerebral Hemorrhage; Stroke Related to Surgery and Other Procedures; Cryptogenic Stroke; and Interventions to Improve Recovery after Stroke. Highlights new information on genetic risk factors; primary prevention of stroke; infectious diseases and stroke; recovery interventions such as robotics, brain stimulation, and telerehabilitation; and trial design. Details advances in diagnostic tests, such as ultrasound, computed tomography (including CT angiography and CT perfusion), MRI (including MR perfusion techniques), and angiography. Includes extracted and highlighted evidence levels. Expert Consult eBook version included with print purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, and references on a variety of devices. The content can also be downloaded to tablets and smart phones for offline use. Combat stroke with the most comprehensive and updated multimedia resource on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of stroke from leaders in the field
This is the first book offering a systematic description of tongue image analysis and processing technologies and their typical applications in computerized tongue diagnostic (CTD) systems. It features the most current research findings in all aspects of tongue image acquisition, preprocessing, classification, and diagnostic support methodologies, from theoretical and algorithmic problems to prototype design and development of CTD systems. The book begins with a very in-depth description of CTD on a need-to-know basis which includes an overview of CTD systems and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in order to provide the information on the context and background of tongue image analysis. The core part then introduces algorithms as well as their implementation methods, at a know-how level, including image segmentation methods, chromatic correction, and classification of tongue images. Some clinical applications based on these methods are presented for the show-how purpose in the CTD research field. Case studies highlight different techniques that have been adopted to assist the visual inspection of appendicitis, diabetes, and other common diseases. Experimental results under different challenging clinical circumstances have demonstrated the superior performance of these techniques. In this book, the principles of tongue image analysis are illustrated with plentiful graphs, tables, and practical experiments to provide insights into some of the problems. In this way, readers can easily find a quick and systematic way through the complicated theories and they can later even extend their studies to special topics of interest. This book will be of benefit to researchers, professionals, and graduate students working in the field of computer vision, pattern recognition, clinical practice, and TCM, as well as those involved in interdisciplinary research.
The book focuses on the direct production of hydrogen, using solar energy. Photocatalytic water-splitting by exposing semiconductors to sunlight is one of the most promising routes. The range of materials and other non-electrolytic methods are also reviewed The book references 205 original resources and includes their direct web link for in-depth reading. Keywords: Water-Splitting, Hydrogen Production, Solar Energy Conversion, Photocatalytic Water-Splitting, Thermochanical Water-Splitting, Machano-Catalysis, Photocatalysis, Electrocatalysis, Light-induced Ionization of Semiconductors, Z-Schemes of Photosynthesis.
Fingerprints are among the most widely used biometric modalities and have been successfully applied in various scenarios. For example, in forensics, fingerprints serve as important legal evidence; and in civilian applications, fingerprints are used for access and attendance control as well as other identity services. Thanks to advances in three-dimensional (3D) and high-resolution imaging technology, it is now feasible to capture 3D or high-resolution fingerprints to provide extra information and go beyond the traditional features such as global ridge patterns and local ridge singularities used in conventional fingerprint recognition tasks. This book presents the state of the art in the acquisition and analysis of 3D and high-resolution fingerprints. Based on the authors’ research, this book focuses on advanced fingerprint recognition using 3D fingerprint features (i.e., finger shape, level 0 features) or high-resolution fingerprint features (i.e., ridge detail, level 3 features). It is a valuable resource for researchers, professionals and graduate students working in the field of computer vision, pattern recognition, security/biometrics practice, as well as interdisciplinary researchers.
Metal-Organic Framework Materials (MOFs) are well suited for absorbing carbon dioxide. MOFs can form highly-porous structures with great adsorption capacities. They also offer good catalytic properties and much research refers to the relationship between catalytic performance and framework structure. In addition to simple CO2 absorption, there are other interesting applications, such as the direct electrochemical reduction into useful chemicals and fuels, the conversion of CO2 into methanol, the electrochemical reduction of CO2, or electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution (thus boosting the ‘hydrogen economy’). The book references 295 original resources and includes their direct web link for in-depth reading. Keywords: Global Warming, Carbon Dioxide Capture, Metal-Organic Frameworks MOFs, Adsorbents for CO2, Porous Solids, Catalytic Performance, Synthesis of MOFs, Conversion of CO2 into Methanol, Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution, Hydrogen Economy, Gas Adsorption, Gas Separation, Organic Ligands, Metal Ion Clusters.
Rice is now the model plant for genetic research on crop plants; and those who work on rice do so not only to help grow and eat it, but also to advance the frontiers of genetics and molecular biology. Progress made in the last 20 years, since the first International Rice Genetics Symposium (IRGS), has made rice the organism of choice for research on crop plants, and it has become a reference genome. This volume is a collection of the papers presented at the Fifth IRGS in 2005. It reports the latest developments in the field and includes research on breeding, mapping of genes and quantitative trait loci, identification and cloning of candidate genes for biotic and abiotic stresses, gene expression, as well as genomic databases and mutant induction for functional genomics.
Molecular Neuroendocrinology: From Genome to Physiology, provides researchers and students with a critical examination of the steps being taken to decipher genome complexity in the context of the expression, regulation and physiological functions of genes in neuroendocrine systems. The 19 chapters are divided into four sectors: A) describes and explores the genome, its evolution, expression and the mechanisms that contribute to protein, and hence biological, diversity. B) discusses the mechanisms that enhance peptide and protein diversity beyond what is encoded in the genome through post-translational modification. C) considers the molecular tools that today’s neuroendocrinologists can use to study the regulation and function of neuroendocrine genes within the context of the intact organism. D) presents a range of case studies that exemplify the state-of-the-art application of genomic technologies in physiological and behavioural experiments that seek to better understand complex biological processes. • Written by a team of internationally renowned researchers • Both print and enhanced e-book versions are available • Illustrated in full colour throughout This is the third volume in a new Series ‘Masterclass in Neuroendocrinology’ , a co- publication between Wiley and the INF (International Neuroendocrine Federation) that aims to illustrate highest standards and encourage the use of the latest technologies in basic and clinical research and hopes to provide inspiration for further exploration into the exciting field of neuroendocrinology. Series Editors: John A. Russell, University of Edinburgh, UK and William E. Armstrong, The University of Tennessee, USA
Calixarenes was the first book to be published in the `Monographs in Supramolecular Chemistry' series and is also the first complete survey available of this rapidly developing field. It provides a fascinating and lively account of the history, development and applications of calixarenes, which are probably the world's most readily available synthetic molecular baskets. These basket shaped compounds possess the ability to hold metal ions, as well as molecules, in their interior and as a result of their extraordinarily easy synthesis from phenols and aldehydes are receiving increasingly wide attention. This book is a must for advanced undergraduates and post-graduates studying bio-organic and supramolecular chemistry.
Bundled with the eBook, which will be updated regularly as new information about each virus is available, this text serves as the authoritative, up-to-date reference book for virologists, infectious disease specialists, microbiologists, and physicians, as well as medical students pursuing a career in infectious diseases.
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography is an important new imaging modality that is already being used by ophthalmologists in retina centers worldwide. It uses motion as intrinsic contrast, thus obviating the need to inject any intravenous dye. It uses infrared light that is invisible to the patient, and only requires few seconds per scan. This makes it both easier to use and much better tolerated by patients than traditional dye-based fluorescein angiography (FA) and indocyanine green (ICG) angiography. Inside Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of the Eye Drs. David Huang, Bruno Lumbroso, Yali Jia, and Nadia Waheed include detailed information on clinical applications and fundamental principles needed to understand and use this new technology. This includes information on high-speed OCT systems, algorithms to extract flow contrast, the appearance of the normal eye, the findings in myriad diseases, and tips on how to deal with artifact and pitfalls. The 3-dimensional nature of OCT angiography provides visualization that was not possible before with either FA or ICG and readers will come to appreciate how this enables the visualization of previously difficult to image vascular beds such as the 4 retinal vascular plexuses (radial peripapillary, superficial, intermediate, and deep), the choriocapillaris, and the deeper choroidal vessels. Given its noninvasive nature and ease of use, OCT angiography imaging is rapidly taking an important place in everyday ophthalmology and may soon replace fluorescein angiography in everyday practice. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of the Eye is designed to be the definitive text on this cutting-edge technology for the retina specialist and comprehensive ophthalmologist.
Inorganic Geochemistry of Coal explains how to determine the concentrations and modes of occurrence of elements in coal, how to diminish adverse effects of toxic elements on the environment and human health, which elements in coal could be industrially utilized, and which elements can be successfully used as indications for deciphering depositional environments and tectonic evolution. As coal use will remain at an all-time high for the next several decades, there is a critical need for understanding the properties of this fuel to ensure efficient use, encourage its economic by-product potential, and to help minimize its negative technological, environmental and health impacts. Features dozens of never-before published illustrations of critical features of the inorganic geochemistry of coal Covers both the theory and applications of the topic, including case studies to serve as real-world examples Includes a chapter on the health and environmental impacts of the mining, development and use of coal
This SpringerBrief sheds new light on bioactive materials from marine extremophiles. It deals with all aspects of the chemical compounds produced by organisms living under extreme conditions that may have potential as drugs or lead to novel drugs for human use.
First to review nanoscale self-assembly employing such a wide variety of methods Covers a wide variety physical, chemical and biological systems, phenomena, and applications First overviews of nanotube biotechnology and bimetallic nanoparticles
This book describes a range of new biometric technologies, such as high-resolution fingerprint, finger-knuckle-print, multi-spectral backhand, 3D fingerprint, tongueprint, 3D ear, and multi-spectral iris technologies. Further, it introduces readers to efficient feature extraction, matching and fusion algorithms, in addition to developing potential systems of its own. These advanced biometric technologies and methods are divided as follows: 1. High-Resolution Fingerprint Recognition; 2. Finger-Knuckle-Print Verification; 3. Other Hand-Based Biometrics; and 4. New Head-Based Biometrics. Traditional biometric technologies, such as fingerprint, face, iris, and palmprint, have been extensively studied and addressed in many research books. However, all of these technologies have their own advantages and disadvantages, and there is no single type of biometric technology that can be used for all applications. Many new biometric technologies have been developed in recent years, especia lly in response to new applications. The contributions gathered here focus on how to develop a new biometric technology based on the requirements of essential applications, and how to design efficient algorithms that yield better performance.
This book reviews the geochemical and petrological characteristics of potassic igneous rock complexes, and investigates the various tectonic settings in which these rocks occur. The authors provide an overview and classification of these rocks and elucidate the geochemical differences between barren and mineralized potassic igneous complexes. High-K rocks are genetically associated with a number of epithermal gold and porphyry copper-gold deposits. In recent years, there has also been growing recognition of an association of such rocks with iron-oxide copper-gold (IOCG) deposits, intrusion-related gold deposits (IRGDs) and Carlin-type gold deposits. This fifth updated and expanded edition incorporates new data and references from world-class copper and gold deposits worldwide. It also includes the latest publications on the petrogenesis of high-K magmatism and related mineral deposits. Numerous new representative ore photographs of the mineral deposits described are also included in the new edition. As such, the book offers a valuable guide not only for academic petrologists working on alkaline rocks, but also for exploration geologists prospecting for epithermal gold and/or porphyry copper-gold deposits in modern and ancient terrains.
During the launch and re-entry phases of spaceflight pilots of military fast jets, civilian aerobatic pilots and astronauts are frequently and repetitively exposed to high G forces, for which the human body is not fundamentally designed. This unique book examines the nature of the high G environment and its physiological effects on the various systems of the human body. It draws together the accumulated knowledge of human exposure to high G, resulting in a definitive volume on its physiological effects and countermeasures.
Graphene supercapacitors, also called ultracapacitors or electrical double-layer capacitors, have increasingly begun to rival conventional batteries. They allow to manipulate the nanoscale structure of carbon-based supercapacitors and offer the additional advantage of sequestering increasing amounts of carbon from the environment, thus helping to limit global warming. The book focuses on the choice of electrode materials, their properties and methods of fabrication. It references 494 original resources with their direct web links for in-depth reading. Keywords: Graphene Supercapacitors, Micro-Supercapacitors, Oxides, Sulfides, Selenides, Hydroxides, Phosphates, Nitrides, Fabrication, Printing, Environmental Effects.
The field of coordination polymer research is now vast, & one of the fastest growing areas of chemistry in recent times, with important work being done on a variety of different aspects. This book provides a broad overview of all the major facets of modern coordination polymer science in the one place.
The interface structure of joined materials is a key factor in the development of high-tech components. The book reviews recent experimental and theoretical research in the area of modelling new types of joints and predicting the expected properties. Fields covered include lattice theory, semiconductor electronics, solid-state lithium-ion conductor, solid-state devices, filamentary growth of graphite, curved basal sheets of graphite, thermodynamic factors and lattice-matching criteria, minimisation of interface stresses due to misfit, epitaxial deposition, composite design, coincidence site lattice theory, ionic conductivity improvement by interfacial lattice strain, epitaxial thin-film systems, methods and software for identifying compatible material combinations. The book references 302 original resources and includes their direct web link for in-depth reading. Keywords: Interface Modelling, Lattice Theory, Semiconductor Electronics, Lithium-ion Conductor, Graphite Filaments, Graphite Sheets, Interface Stresses, Epitaxial Deposition, Composite Design, Coincidence-Site Lattice Theory, Ionic Conductivity, Interfacial Lattice Strain, Epitaxial Thin Films, Compatible-Material-Combination Software, Lattice-Matching to Silicon, Lattice-Matching to Smiconductors, Lattice-Matching to Sapphire, Lattice-Matching to Ceramics, Lattice-Matching to Metals, Lattice-Matching to Organic Materials.
A Complete Reference Covering the Latest Technology in Metal Cutting Tools, Processes, and Equipment Metal Cutting Theory and Practice, Third Edition shapes the future of material removal in new and lasting ways. Centered on metallic work materials and traditional chip-forming cutting methods, the book provides a physical understanding of conventional and high-speed machining processes applied to metallic work pieces, and serves as a basis for effective process design and troubleshooting. This latest edition of a well-known reference highlights recent developments, covers the latest research results, and reflects current areas of emphasis in industrial practice. Based on the authors’ extensive automotive production experience, it covers several structural changes, and includes an extensive review of computer aided engineering (CAE) methods for process analysis and design. Providing updated material throughout, it offers insight and understanding to engineers looking to design, operate, troubleshoot, and improve high quality, cost effective metal cutting operations. The book contains extensive up-to-date references to both scientific and trade literature, and provides a description of error mapping and compensation strategies for CNC machines based on recently issued international standards, and includes chapters on cutting fluids and gear machining. The authors also offer updated information on tooling grades and practices for machining compacted graphite iron, nickel alloys, and other hard-to-machine materials, as well as a full description of minimum quantity lubrication systems, tooling, and processing practices. In addition, updated topics include machine tool types and structures, cutting tool materials and coatings, cutting mechanics and temperatures, process simulation and analysis, and tool wear from both chemical and mechanical viewpoints. Comprised of 17 chapters, this detailed study: Describes the common machining operations used to produce specific shapes or surface characteristics Contains conventional and advanced cutting tool technologies Explains the properties and characteristics of tools which influence tool design or selection Clarifies the physical mechanisms which lead to tool failure and identifies general strategies for reducing failure rates and increasing tool life Includes common machinability criteria, tests, and indices Breaks down the economics of machining operations Offers an overview of the engineering aspects of MQL machining Summarizes gear machining and finishing methods for common gear types, and more Metal Cutting Theory and Practice, Third Edition emphasizes the physical understanding and analysis for robust process design, troubleshooting, and improvement, and aids manufacturing engineering professionals, and engineering students in manufacturing engineering and machining processes programs.
Topological semimetals are quantum materials that are not only extremely interesting from a theoretical point of view but also have a great potential for technological applications in which superconducting, semiconducting and other semimetal behaviors are involved. Keywords: Quantum Materials, Macroscopic Quantum Phenomena, Topological Semimetals, Dirac Semimetals, Weyl Semimetals, Nodal-Line Semimetals, Antimony and Antimonides, Antimonene, Arsenides, Bismuthides, Boron, Borides, Borophene, Carbon and Carbides, Chalcogenides, Nitrides, Phosphorus, Phosphides, Silicides, Topological Metals, Topological States of Matter.
The book is concerned with understanding the fundamental mechanisms of high temperature alloy oxidation. It uses this understanding to develop methods of predicting oxidation rates and the way they change with temperature, gas chemistry and alloy composition. The focus is on designing (or selecting) alloy compositions which provide optimal resistance to attack by corrosive gases. . Emphasises quantitative calculations for predicting reaction rates and the effects of temperature, oxidant activities and alloy compositions. . Uses phase diagrams and diffusion paths to analyse and interpret scale structures and internal precipitation distributions . Provides a detailed examination of corrosion in industrial gases (water vapour effects, carburisation and metal dusting, sulphidation) . Text is well supported by numerous micrographs, phase diagrams and tabulations of relevant thermodynamic and kinetic data . Combines physical chemistry and materials science methodologies.
Molluscs comprise the second largest phylum of animals (after arthropods), occurring in virtually all habitats. Some are commercially important, a few are pests and some carry diseases, while many non-marine molluscs are threatened by human impacts which have resulted in more extinctions than all tetrapod vertebrates combined. This book and its companion volume provide the first comprehensive account of the Mollusca in decades. Illustrated with hundreds of colour figures, it reviews molluscan biology, genomics, anatomy, physiology, fossil history, phylogeny and classification. This volume includes general chapters drawn from extensive and diverse literature on the anatomy and physiology of their structure, movement, reproduction, feeding, digestion, excretion, respiration, nervous system and sense organs. Other chapters review the natural history (including ecology) of molluscs, their interactions with humans, and assess research on the group. Key features of both volumes: up to date treatment with an extensive bibliography; thoroughly examines the current understanding of molluscan anatomy, physiology and development; reviews fossil history and phylogenetics; overviews ecology and economic values; and summarises research activity and suggests future directions for investigation. Winston F Ponder was a Principal Research Scientist at The Australian Museum in Sydney where he is currently a Research Fellow. He has published extensively over the last 55 years on the systematics, evolution, biology and conservation of marine and freshwater molluscs, as well as supervised post graduate students and run university courses. David R. Lindberg is former Chair of the Department of Integrative Biology, Director of the Museum of Paleontology, and Chair of the Berkeley Natural History Museums, all at the University of California. He has conducted research on the evolutionary history of marine organisms and their habitats on the rocky shores of the Pacific Rim for more than 40 years. The numerous elegant and interpretive illustrations were produced by Juliet Ponder.
This book describes the latest advances in pulse signal analysis and their applications in classification and diagnosis. First, it provides a comprehensive introduction to useful techniques for pulse signal acquisition based on different kinds of pulse sensors together with the optimized acquisition scheme. It then presents a number of preprocessing and feature extraction methods, as well as case studies of the classification methods used. Lastly it discusses some promising directions for the future study and clinical applications of pulse signal analysis. The book is a valuable resource for researchers, professionals and postgraduate students working in the field of pulse diagnosis, signal processing, pattern recognition and biometrics. It is also useful for those involved in interdisciplinary research.
Transport Nodal System provides a comprehensive introduction to the development of transport nodes and nodal systems, focusing on economic, operational, management, planning, policy, regulation and sustainability perspectives. Through a deep analysis on different types of transport nodes from diverse perspectives, this book shows the major issues and challenges that transport node planners, managers, and policymakers face, and how to address them. The book provides a clear framework for identifying the common attributes across all nodes that contribute to the efficient operations, planning, and management of transport facilities. Transport nodes such as seaports, inland terminals, airports, highways, and railroads are hubs in a multimodal transportation network that facilitate the smooth operation of passengers and freight. The book uniquely uses the transport node itself rather than a specific type of structure for a specific type of transport mode as the primary focus of analysis. While stressing the importance of transport nodes in developing efficient logistics and supply chains, the book also demonstrates that transport nodes are geographically embedded within a particular location, and that operations are inevitably affected by local factors, such as culture, the economy, the political and regulatory environment and other institutions. Provides a unified look at multimodal transportation nodes to gain a better understanding of total system performance Includes numerous case studies from developed and emerging economies Uses an interdisciplinary approach where policy, regulations, economics, strategic management, operations, sustainability and technological innovation are considered together Features chapters by scholars who specialize in different transport modes (land, sea and air) Up-to-date outcomes utilizing author’s original research provide a systematic investigation of the nodal system in both theory and practice
Since the publication of the first edition of Chemistry of Protein Conjugation and Cross-Linking in 1991, new cross-linking reagents, notably multifunctional cross-linkers, have been developed and synthesized. The completion of the human genome project has opened a new area for studying nucleic acid and protein interactions using nucleic acid cross
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a non-invasive technique for imaging the microvasculature of the retina and the choroid. The advent of OCTA has allowed ophthalmologists to identify new pathologies, recognise new syndromes, and organise disorders with new classifications. This atlas provides clinicians with state-of-the-art principles of clinical OCTA imaging, helping them interpret and understand the features of the angiographic images. Following the success of the first edition (9789351528999) published in 2015, this second edition has been fully revised, with all chapters rewritten and new topics added to provide the very latest advances in the field. New knowledge about existing diseases and new disorders are described in depth, and operating principles, clinical applications, and future developments are explained thoroughly by the pioneers of the technology. The first part of the atlas covers the basic principles of OCT angiography, methods and technology, image interpretation, vascular anatomy of the retina, and clinical applications. Part two provides a general update on current research into OCT angiography in various retinal, choroid and anterior chamber disorders. The third and final part of the book describes future clinical applications and implications of next generation devices. This new edition is an invaluable guide for ophthalmologists and trainees for use in everyday practice.
This book offers a comprehensive account of the current state of inland waters in tropical and subtropical East Asia, exploring a series of case studies of freshwater fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds, mammals and water bodies at particular risk. The book highlights the rich freshwater biodiversity of tropical East Asia and draws attention to the various threats it faces due to human activities and rapid environmental change. It addresses the question of whether the contributions of these animals and habitats, or biodiversity in general, to ecosystem functioning and service provision provide sufficient basis for arguments supporting nature conservation. Drawing on instances from the rivers and lakes of tropical East Asia, the book also asks whether the benefits accruing from intact ecosystems are likely to be enough to ensure their preservation. If the answer to either or both these questions is ‘no’, then what are the prospects for freshwater biodiversity in rapidly changing tropical East Asia? This book will be of interest to students and scholars of biodiversity, conservation, freshwater ecology, ecosystem services and Asian Studies.
Lead halide perovskite materials have a huge potential in solar cell technology. They offer the combined advantages of low-cost preparation and high power-conversion efficiency. The present review focusses on the following topics: Power Conversion Efficiency; Electron Transport, Hole Transport and Interface Layers; Material Preparation; Cesium-Doped Lead-Halide Perovskites; Formamidinium-Doped Lead-Halide Perovskites; Methylammonium Lead-Halide Perovskites; Hysteresis, Stability and Toxicity Problems. The book references 334 original resources and includes their direct web link for in-depth reading. Keywords: Solar Cells, Lead Halide Perovskite Materials, Cesium-Doped Lead-Halide Perovskites, Formamidinium-Doped Lead-Halide Perovskites, Methylammonium Lead-Halide Perovskites, Electron-Transport Layer, Hole-Transport Layer, Interface Layers, Hysteresis Problem, Stability Problem, Toxicity Problem.
Nonlinear Optical Crystals contains the most complete and up-to-date reference material on properties of nonlinear optical crystals including: Traditional and specific applications The mathematical formulas necessary for the calculation of the frequency conversion process A survey of 63 nonlinear optical crystals containing more than 1500 different references with full titles Recent applications of common and novel nonlinear materials, including quasi-phase matching Special consideration for periodically-poled and self-frequency-doubling materials Significant amount of crystallophysical, thermophysical, spectroscopic, electro-optic and magneto-optic information
MAX Phase Materials are uniquely structured carbide and nitride materials which combine the rigidity, oxidation-resistance and high-temperature strength of ceramic materials with such metallic properties as good machinability, thermal-shock resistance, damage-tolerance and good transport properties. Potential applications include microelectronic layers, coatings for electrical contacts, thermal shock-resistant refractories, high-temperature heating elements, neutron-irradiation resistant nuclear applications, thermal barriers, protective aerospace coatings, and bio-compatible materials. The book reviews theoretical and experimental research up to early 2021 and references 185 original resources with their direct web links for in-depth reading. Keywords: MAX Phase Materials, Rigidity, High-Temperature Strength, Machinability, Microelectronic Layers, Electrical Contact Coatings, Thermal-Shock Resistance, Heating Elements, Neutron-Irradiation Resistant Materials, Thermal Barriers, Bio-compatible Materials.
Metallic Mineral Resources: The Critical Components for a Sustainable Earth serves the increasing interest in metal resources, especially the critical and strategic metals which are essential commodities for the green energy transition. The opening chapters introduce the heterogeneous distribution of metal resources as well as the industrial use of metals. The main chapters then work systematically through abundant metal systems, scarce critical metal systems, rare critical metal systems, trace critical metal systems, and precious metal systems. The book wraps with a close examination of temporal distribution of mineral resources and an insightful discussion of the future of mineral resources. Researchers and engineers in economic geology and mining and exploration industries will find themselves returning to this key reference for years to come. • Describes how mineable and economic metal concentrations form and are preserved in the Earth's upper crust • Explores how they are discovered by systematic mineral exploration at a variety of scales • Discusses how to educate the public on the scarcity of natural metal resources and the issues concerning the nexus between the energy transition and potential exhaustion of critical metals
Biochemistry: The Chemical Reactions of Living Cells is a well-integrated, up-to-date reference for basic chemistry and underlying biological phenomena. Biochemistry is a comprehensive account of the chemical basis of life, describing the amazingly complex structures of the compounds that make up cells, the forces that hold them together, and the chemical reactions that allow for recognition, signaling, and movement. This book contains information on the human body, its genome, and the action of muscles, eyes, and the brain. * Thousands of literature references provide introduction to current research as well as historical background * Contains twice the number of chapters of the first edition * Each chapter contains boxes of information on topics of general interest
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