Fair Opportunity and Responsibility lies at the intersection of moral psychology and criminal jurisprudence and analyzes responsibility and its relations to desert, culpability, excuse, blame, and punishment. It links responsibility with the reactive attitudes but makes the justification of the reactive attitudes depend on a prior and independent conception of responsibility. Responsibility and excuse are inversely related; an agent is responsible for misconduct if and only if it is not excused. As a result, we can study responsibility by understanding excuses. We excuse misconduct when an agent's capacities or opportunities are significantly impaired, because these capacities and opportunities are essential if agents are to have a fair opportunity to avoid wrongdoing. This conception of excuse tells us that responsibility itself consists in agents having suitable cognitive and volitional capacities - normative competence - and a fair opportunity to exercise these capacities free from undue interference - situational control. Because our reactive attitudes and practices presuppose the fair opportunity conception of responsibility, this supports a predominantly retributive conception of blame and punishment that treats culpable wrongdoing as the desert basis of blame and punishment. We can then apply the fair opportunity framework to assessing responsibility and excuse in circumstances of structural injustice, situational influences in ordinary circumstances and in wartime, insanity and psychopathy, immaturity, addiction, and crimes of passion. Though fair opportunity has important implications for each issue, treating them together allows us to explore common themes and appreciate the need to take partial responsibility and excuse seriously in our practices of blame and punishment.
Niccolò Machiavelli, though best known as a teacher of princes, is also a teacher of republics. In his Discourses on Livy, he argues that republican liberty depends upon a contentious mixture of elitism and populism. Only the elite’s wily pursuit of domination, combined with the people’s spirited resistance to such domination, can produce that compromise between servitude and license known as liberty. The task of the founder and the statesman is to construct and maintain the appropriate “orders and modes” within which each party to the conflict can make its appropriate contribution. The elite, at its best, contributes prudence, military virtue, and the capacity to innovate, while the people contributes moral and political stability. David Levy explains and defends Machiavelli’s conception of liberty as conflict, and then uses that conception as the lens through which to understand his views on religion, war and imperialism, goodness and corruption, and the relation between republics and princes. Also discussed is Machiavelli’s own kind of wiliness: his artful and often ironic mode of writing. Levy shows that Machiavelli’s republican teaching as a whole remains persuasive today, and deserves careful consideration by all those concerned with the survival and the success of liberty. This book will be of interest both to beginning and more advanced students of Machiavelli, as well as to students of modern republicanism and of the history of ideas.
Newly updated with the latest information on inflammatory bowel disease, Curbside Consultation in IBD: 49 Clinical Questions, Third Edition contains brief, practical, and evidence-based answers to the most frequently asked questions that are posed during a “curbside consultation” between surgical colleagues. Drs. David T. Rubin, Sonia Friedman, and Francis A. Farraye are joined by an expert group of contributors, offering advice, preferences, and opinions on tough clinical questions commonly associated with IBD. With a unique Q&A format, this text provides quick access to current information. Numerous images, diagrams, and references are included to better illustrate IBD. Some of the questions answered inside the Third Edition include: What are the new approaches to using and minimizing steroids? What is the evolving role of calcineurin inhibitors in IBD? Where should anti-IL-23 therapy be placed in the therapeutic algorithm for Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis? What should the clinicians and patients know about biosimilars? What are JAK inhibitors? And when should they be used in IBD? What is the approach to loss of response to biological therapy? How should we screen our patients with IBD for depression and anxiety? With information basic enough for trainees and expert practical advice that even high-volume clinicians will appreciate, Curbside Consultation in IBD: 49 Clinical Questions, Third Edition is a must-have. Gastroenterologists, surgeons, IBD nurses and advanced practice providers, and medical and surgical trainees at all levels will benefit from the user-friendly format and up-to-date advice for complicated cases.
Any healthcare professional with, or developing an interest in, clinical nutrition will be able to use this textbook, first published in 2001, as a source of information for the formation of a clinical nutrition support service of excellence. The first three parts of the book will enable a clear perspective of the metabolism and physiology of clinical nutrition to be related to the practical application of support techniques. The fourth part of the book highlights the role of nutrition support in specific disease groups. A number of additional chapters have been added for this second edition, and modifications made to the content of chapters from the first edition to cover newer areas or areas of omission.
The Oxford American Handbook of Urology provides authoritative, point-of-care guidance on all aspects of the field, covering both benign and malignant conditions, as well as medical and surgical management. Incorporating diagnosis and treatment advice from established, published guidelines as well as drawing from the experience of four seasoned urologists, the book's concise and accessible format quickly guides the reader to desired information on common signs and symptoms, incontinence, cancer, infections and infertility plus key information on trauma, urologic emergencies, and pediatric urology. It is an invaluable resource for medical students and residents as well as a useful reference for practitioners.
Analytical Fracture Mechanics should prove to be a valuable resource to both the new student and the experienced researcher in fracture mechanics. It is recommended." — Applied Mechanics Review One of the central concerns of engineering is the failure of materials. Addressing this concern, fracture mechanics — an interdisciplinary subject spanning mechanical, civil, and materials engineering, applied mathematics, and physics — predicts the conditions under which such failure will occur due to crack growth. This valuable self-contained text by an expert in the field supplements standard fracture mechanics texts by focusing on analytical methods for determining crack-tip stress and strain fields. Following a comprehensive 120-page introduction — which provides all the background necessary for understanding the remaining chapters — the book is organized around a series of elastoplastic and hydrogen-assisted crack-tip problems and their solutions. The first chapter presents the only proven solution technique for the second order nonlinear partial differential equation governing a mode I elastoplastic crack problem. Other chapters deal with plastic zone transitions, environmental cracking, and small-scale yielding versus exact linear elastic solutions. One of the excellent features of this book is the clarity with which groups of problems are presented and related to each other. Another is the careful attention it gives to the various modes of fracture (I, II, and III) and to showing the circumstances under which information from a solution for one mode may be used to infer information in another mode. For this edition, the author has added a new appendix, "Stress Across an Elastoplastic Boundary of a Mode I Crack: Parabolic to Hyperbolic Plasticity Transition.
The human skull has many functions. The largest component of the skull, the neurocranium, protects and insulates the brain. It comprises the dome-shaped vault or calvaria, obviously a protective structure, and the more complex cranial base, which gives the vault a massive foundation and also houses the organs of hearing, balance, and smell. The facial skeleton, or splanchnocranium, encloses the upper airway and the mouth. Chewing, the cQ-ordinated action ofthe jaws and teeth, is a function of the facial skeleton. The orbits, formed from both calvarial and facial bones, house the eyes and their accessory muscles. The'skull also provides skeletal support for the muscles which affect speech and facial expression. It is largely by these that people communicate and display their emotions. Personality is judged on speech and on facial appearances, by conscious or subconscious aesthetic comparisons with cultural ideas-and prejudices. So the shape of the skull has, or can have, profound emotional significance.
This small but information-packed book is the first to focus exclusively on iatrogenic vascular injuries. It is a timely first, for the scope and magnitude of this subject have reached almost epidemic proportions recently, as a result of exponential increases in the use of invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures by almost every medical and surgical speciality. The data on vascular trauma from "civilian" experiences are becoming dominated by injuries of iatrogenic cause. Even were it not for medical-legal liability, the importance of prompt recognition and correct treatment of injuries that we ourselves cause is obvious, as is the need for preventive measures to be clearly identified and adopted. This book serves these needs well through a nicely balanced focus on prevention, on the one hand, with its comprehensive review of epidemiology and etiology, and on management, on the other, with its practical comments on diagnosis, treatment and outcome. The organization of this book makes it very usable. After chapters on both arterial and venous catheterization injuries, there follows a thorough analysis of injuries associated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and other endovascular procedures. Then, after a chapter on noninvasive vascular injuries, there follows a series of chapters dealing with vascular injuries associated with the practice of specific specialties: radiation therapy, orthopedics, neurosurgery (especially lumbar disc surgery), gynecology, head and neck surgery, urology, adult general surgery, and pediatric surgery.
Evaluation and Management of Cleft Lip and Palate: A Developmental Perspectiveprovides fundamental knowledge of cleft palate anomalies and the current state of evidence-based practice relative to evaluation and management. This text contains information on the standard of care for children born with craniofacial anomalies from a developmental perspective along with clinical case studies to help facilitate understanding of the material. This graduate-level text targets speech-language pathology students, as well as audiology students, medical students, and graduate students studying communication disorders. Why adopt this textbook: Provides a developmental focus that provides a better understanding of the nature of craniofacial problems and the timetable for management and treatmentCovers material in a data-driven and evidenced based format, blending scholarly and clinical informationWell-illustrated with clear colored pictures-many of which are actual structures and people rather than line drawings-including pre- and post-treatment resultsPresents the role of the speech-language pathologist in all aspects of care (i.e., before and after surgery from infancy to adulthood)Emphasizes oral conditions (dental and occlusal) that impact speech in the school-aged childFull color text with more than 200 images Compared with other textbooks this book covers: An entire chapter devoted to adults with cleft lip and palate underscoring quality of lifeAn entire chapter on the school-aged childA detailed chapter devoted to alveolar bone graft with detailed photo illustration and discussion of treatment outcomeDetailed chapter on maxillary advancement with detailed photos, discussion of treatment outcomes related to speech, airway, and hearingPresentation of surgical treatment based on development ageChapter on hearing offers a practical approach to ear problems and hearing loss associated with cleft and craniofacial anomalies, and provides a summary of hearing tests that should be familiar to the reader and suggestions about counseling familiesChapters on Speech Characteristics and Assessment are written from a speech science perspective and evidence-based
The book reviews the Hall-Petch law, one of the most useful equations of materials science, and the reverse or inverse Hall-Petch relation, which is particular important for controlling the strength of nanocrystalline materials. Theoretical models, experimental data and practical aspects are discussed, making reference to a total of 396 original resources with their direct web link for in-depth reading.
Praised by JAMA as "The most complete description of the development, structure, function, pathophysiology, and treatment of the retina and its diseases to be found anywhere," this monumental three-volume work puts all of today's scientific and clinical knowledge of the retina at readers' fingertips. The New Edition has been comprehensively updated and reorganized to reflect all of the very latest scientific and genetic discoveries, diagnostic imaging methods, drug therapies, treatment recommendations, and surgical techniques. The result is an indispensable reference and diagnostic tool for generalists and specialists alike. Delivers the editorial expertise of four highly respected authorities, as well as contributions from internationally recognized leaders in visual science, ophthalmology, and vitreoretinal studies. Presents more than 3,400 superb illustrations (2,200 in full color) that capture all forms of retinal disease from every perspective. Offers the very latest information on the genetic basis of retinal disease, diagnostic retinal imaging, photodynamic therapy, and age-related macular degeneration. Examines the most recent advances in diagnostic indocyanine green angiography � optical coherence tomography (OCT) and quantitative fluoroscein angiography � macular translocation with 360� peripheral retinectomy � surgery for diffuse macular edema due to multiple causes, including proliferative vitreoretinopathy � artificial vision � and much more. Features a completely restructured section on age-related macular degeneration that includes epidemiology and risk factors � prophylaxis and prevention knowledge gained from large clinical trials like AREDS � proven and experimental treatments for AMD � and pharmacotherapy. Incorporates a multitude of new full-color images, 2200 in all.
Respiratory Care: Patient Assessment and Care Plan Development, Second Edition describes the purpose of patient assessment and then guides the reader through the process of reviewing existing data in the medical record
The Hudson River Valley was the first iconic American landscape. Beginning as early as the 1820s, artists and writers found new ways of thinking about the human relationship with the natural world along the Hudson. Here, amid the most dramatic river and mountain scenery in the eastern United States, Washington Irving and James Fenimore Cooper created a distinctly American literature, grounded in folklore and history, that contributed to the emergence of a sense of place in the valley. Painters, led by Thomas Cole, founded the Hudson River School, widely recognized as the first truly national style of art. As the century advanced and as landscape and history became increasingly intertwined in the national consciousness, an aesthetic identity took shape in the region through literature, art, memory, and folklore-even gardens and domestic architecture. In Sanctified Landscape, David Schuyler recounts this story of America's idealization of the Hudson Valley during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Schuyler's story unfolds during a time of great change in American history. At the very moment when artists and writers were exploring the aesthetic potential of the Hudson Valley, the transportation revolution and the rise of industrial capitalism were transforming the region. The first generation of American tourists traveled from New York City to Cozzens Hotel and the Catskill Mountain House in search of the picturesque. Those who could afford to live some distance from jobs in the city built suburban homes or country estates. Given these momentous changes, it is not surprising that historic preservation emerged in the Hudson Valley: the first building in the United States preserved for its historic significance is Washington's Headquarters in Newburgh. Schuyler also finds the seeds of the modern environmental movement in the transformation of the Hudson Valley landscape. Richly illustrated and compellingly written, Sanctified Landscape makes for rewarding reading. Schuyler expertly ties local history to national developments, revealing why the Hudson River Valley was so important to nineteenth-century Americans-and why it is still beloved today.
Knowledge in the field of urologic pathology is growing at an explosive pace. Today’s pathologists, specialists, and residents require a comprehensive and authoritative text that examines the full range of urological diseases and their diagnosis. Written by recognized leaders and educators in the field, the text provides readers with a detailed understanding of all diagnostic aspects of urological disease. Inside this unique resource, readers will explore a broad spectrum of practical information—including etiology, diagnostic criteria, molecular markers, differential diagnosis, ancillary tests, and clinical management. This is sure to be the new definitive text for urological pathology!
his book combines the perspectives of a dedicated yogi with that of a former anatomy professor and research associate at two major American medicine schools. He has set himself the ambitious goal of combining the modern scientific under- standing of anatomy and physiology with the ancient practice of hatha yoga. The result of an obvious labour of love, the book explains hatha yoga in demystified, scientific terms while at the same time honouring its traditions. It should go a long way in helping yoga achieve the scientific recognition it deserves. Useful as both a textbook and a reference work, this is a book that all serious yoga teachers and practitioners will want on their shelves.
Ornamentalism is a vividly evocative account of a vanished era, a major reassessment of Britain and its imperial past, and a trenchant and disturbing analysis of what it means to be a post-imperial nation today.
This masterful book from top experts provides clinical insights on reverse shoulder arthroplasty gleaned from hands-on refinement of shoulder replacement techniques. Years of significant biomechanical and clinical research yielded invaluable knowledge that led to important improvements in functional outcome and implant durability. Among these refinements were stronger polyethylene derivatives, better ingrowth technology, and improved connection devices. As the durability and longevity of implant technology increased, younger active patients became suitable candidates for this procedure. In fact, RSA has played a pivotal role in making shoulder arthroplasty the fastest growing implant technology. In the first two sections, the authors take the reader through the history and evolution of RSA, followed by step-by-step surgical techniques for specific injuries and conditions. The next three sections discuss past and recent outcomes, complications, and rehabilitation. The last section covers special considerations including patient specific instrumentation, convertible humeral and glenoid components, and the future potential of stemless humeral technology. Key Features The latest trends in patient-specific components, guide systems, and instrument design The use of RSA for rotator cuff repair, shoulder arthritis, and acute and complex fractures In-depth discussion of techniques to improve deltoid function, avoid impingement, and increase implant longevity Clinical pearls on how to recognize and handle complications that occur: instability, infection, scapular notching, component loosening, glenoid and humeral bone loss, and RSA failure High quality videos and 300 superb illustrations further delineate techniques This book is a practical resource that enables learning complex procedures, putting them into practice, and handling complications should they arise. It is an essential tool for all orthopaedic surgeons who treat shoulder conditions.
Comprehensive, user-friendly, and up to date, Chestnut's Obstetric Anesthesia: Principles and Practice, 6th Edition, provides the authoritative clinical information you need to provide optimal care to your patients. This substantially revised edition keeps you current on everything from basic science to anesthesia techniques to complications, including coverage of new research that is paving the way for improved patient outcomes. An expert editorial team ensures that this edition remains a must-have resource for obstetric anesthesiologists and obstetricians, nurse anesthetists and anesthesiology assistants, and anesthesiology and obstetric residents and students. - Presents the latest information on anesthesia techniques for labor and delivery and medical disorders that occur during pregnancy, emphasizing the treatment of the fetus and the mother as separate patients with distinct needs. - Contains new chapters on shared decision-making in obstetric anesthesia and chronic pain during and after pregnancy. - Features extensive revisions from cover to cover, including consolidated information on maternal infection and postoperative analgesia. - Covers key topics such as neonatal assessment and resuscitation, pharmacology during pregnancy and lactation, use of nitrous oxide for labor analgesia, programmed intermittent epidural bolus (PIEB) technique, epidural analgesia-associated fever, the role of gastric ultrasonography to assess the risk of aspiration, sugammadex in obstetric anesthesia, the role of video laryngoscopy and new supraglottic airway devices, spinal dysraphism, and cardiac arrest in obstetric patients. - Incorporates the latest guidelines on congenital heart disease and the management of sepsis, as well as difficult airway guidelines that are specific to obstetric anesthesia practice. - Offers abundant figures, tables, and boxes that illustrate the step-by-step management of a full range of clinical scenarios. - Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.
The rising prevalence of dementia in the population continues to pose a serious public health challenge in both the developed and the developing world. Previous editions of Dementia have become acknowledged as a key 'gold standard' work in this field, and have had a genuinely international approach. The third edition has been fully revised and updated to reflect the most recent advances in the rapidly developing field of dementia research, adding further important detail to this already authoritative and detailed text. New material on mild cognitive impairment has been included, and the latest developments in areas such as service development and carer research are also covered. All the chapters have been revised to include the most up-to-date research in their field. This is an essential work of reference for specialists in old age psychiatry, neurology, and health care of the elderly. It should also be a useful resource for others working with patients with dementia, including general practitioners, nurses, psychologists, and other allied health professionals.
Integrative Medicine, by Dr. David Rakel, provides the practical, evidence-based guidance you need to safely and effectively integrate complementary and alternative medical treatments into your practice. This medical reference book lays the framework for making the best use of these therapeutic modalities and understanding the mechanisms by which these interventions work, keeping you at the forefront of the trend toward integrative health care. Incorporate therapeutic integrative medicine modalities into clinical practice through the "Tools for Your Practice" section that offers how-to application for recommending mediation, prescribing probiotics, and how to do an elimination diet. Apply integrative treatments for a full range of diseases and conditions including autism, stroke, chronic fatigue syndrome, and various forms of cancer...see how to advise patients on health maintenance and wellness...and get valuable advice on topics such as meditation, diet, and exercises for back pain. Avoid potential complications with recommended dosages and precautions. Enhance patient care with therapy-based guidance and printable patient education guides. Implement proven integrative treatments for various diseases thanks to an evidence-based therapeutic approach. Weigh the likely effectiveness of various treatments vs. their potential harm with helpful icons based on the SORT (Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy) method. Validate potential interventions through the latest research in genomics and advanced imaging technologies, such as MRI.
Counterstrain -- Acupuncture for headache -- Acupuncture for nausea and vomiting -- Saline nasal irrigation -- Bioenergetics -- Integrating spiritual assessment and care -- Therapeutic homeopathy -- Human energetic therapies -- Other therapeutic considerations -- Creating a greener clinic: the impact of global warming on health -- Creating ceremony and ritual in the medical encounter -- Appendix: laboratory testing resources in integrative medicine.
In recent years, philosophical discussions of free will have focused largely on whether or not free will is compatible with determinism. In this challenging book, David Hodgson takes a fresh approach to the question of free will, contending that close consideration of human rationality and human consciousness shows that together they give us free will, in a robust and indeterministic sense. In particular, they give us the capacity to respond appositely to feature-rich gestalts of conscious experiences, in ways that are not wholly determined by laws of nature or computational rules. The author contends that this approach is consistent with what science tells us about the world; and he considers its implications for our responsibility for our own conduct, for the role of retribution in criminal punishment, and for the place of human beings in the wider scheme of things. Praise for David Hodgson's previous work, The Mind Matters "magisterial...It is balanced, extraordinarily thorough and scrupulously fair-minded; and it is written in clear, straightforward, accessible prose." --Michael Lockwood, Times Literary Supplement "an excellent contribution to the literature. It is well written, authoritative, and wonderfully wide-ranging. ... This account of quantum theory ... will surely be of great value. ... On the front cover of the paper edition of this book Paul Davies is quoted as saying that this is "a truly splendid and provocative book". In writing this review I have allowed myself to be provoked, but I am happy to close by giving my endorsement to this verdict in its entirety!" --Euan Squires, Journal of Consciousness Studies "well argued and extremely important book." --Sheena Meredith, New Scientist "His reconstructions and explanations are always concise and clear." --Jeffrey A Barrett, The Philosophical Review "In this large-scale and ambitious work Hodgson attacks a modern orthodoxy. Both its proponents and its opponents will find it compelling reading." --J. R. Lucas, Merton College, Oxford
Designed for graduate level courses in adult psychopathology, the Second Edition of this book incorporates the newly released (2013) DSM-5 . Unique in its approach, this text presents a historical context in which current diagnoses are made. Presenting an overview of the issues and methodologies of conducting assessments, each of the major psychological disorders is discussed in a standard format in the chapter dealing with that disorder. The text includes new chapters on nonalcohol substance abuse and contextual factors affecting diagnoses. Each chapter covers: description from DSM, using case examples; epidemiology; basic research, including neurobiology and neuroscience of the disorder; prevalence and consequences of the disorder; behavioral, social, cognitive, and emotional aspects of the disorder; and treatment of the disorder, using clinical examples showing how psychopathology and assessment influence treatment"--
Rehabilitation of the geriatric patient poses a unique set of challenges and conditions often not seen in younger patients, but which are common among older adults. This quick, practical resource helps physiatrists and other members of the rehabilitation team overcome these challenges, covering the wide range of topics necessary to provide the highest level of care to this rapidly increasing population. - Presents practical guidance on arthritis and joint replacement, polypharmacy and mobility, swallowing dysfunction, nutritional recommendations, psychiatric and cognitive disorders, assistive technology, and more. - Covers the physiologic changes and epidemiology of aging, osteoporosis and fragility fractures, fall prevention and intervention, and prevention of hospital-acquired deconditioning. - Consolidates today's available information on geriatric rehabilitation into one convenient resource.
This up-to-date new analysis of the French Communist Party reveals it as an entirely unconventional political force: not a normal party vying for office, but a Leninist bureaucracy armed with an apocalyptic mission to deliver humanity from capitalism. Its interests have been defined as part of an outpost of a world revolutionary movement; and whilst its strategies may have varied, they have done so in order to serve Soviet foreign policy purposes. D. S. Bell and Byron Criddle trace the history of the Communist Party in France from its origins. They focus in particular on the period since 1958 and explore the Party's unique organizational structures and international loyalties. They examine structure and ideology, relations with the Socialist Party, electoral performance, and the 1980s decline in the Party's fortunes. This study will be essential reading for all students of contemporary French history and politics.
The most comprehensive and current full-color cardiac surgery resource – updated by leading surgeons A Doody’s Core Title for 2022! In Cardiac Surgery in the Adult, Fifth Edition, the world’s foremost cardiovascular surgeons deliver thorough, up-to-date coverage of operative strategy, decision making, technique, and pre- and post-operative management for treating the adult cardiac patient. Unmatched in both scope and clinical rigor, this classic text contains 63 chapters that highlight every important topic in cardiovascular surgery. Presented in full color, Cardiac Surgery in the Adult takes readers through the optimal treatment of congenital, acquired, infectious, and traumatic diseases of the heart and great vessels. The book opens with a history of cardiac surgery and basic cardiac science, then moves into all types of cardiac surgery, providing both practicing surgeons and residents with insight into the very latest surgical protocols. Cardiac Surgery in the Adult is logically divided into ten sections: Basics (includes history, anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, computed tomography, risk assessment, simulation, and the fully integrated cardiovascular center) Perioperative/Intraoperative Care Ischemic Heart Disease Aortic Valve Disease Mitral Valve Disease Surgery of the Great Vessels Rhythm Surgery Other Cardiac Operations (including congenital heart disease, pericardial disease, and cardiac neoplasms) Transplant and Mechanical Circulatory Support The Fifth Edition has been updated throughout, and includes the latest advances in minimally invasive surgery and simulation.
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