The Nordic countries continue to experience growth of urban areas, which provides benefits like economic growth, but also imposes economic costs in terms of reduced ecosystem services. This report focuses on urban nature recreation and highlights economic methods and data that can help capture the associated nonmarket welfare benefits. The study stresses the need to collect user data to better understand visitation patterns, which can be combined with valuation methods to provide evidence of economic benefits associated with e.g., hiking, cycling, skiing, paddling and other recreation activities. Once these benefits are visible, decision-makers will have a better basis to balance economic growth with the environmental costs it imposes on urban ecosystem services.
The emergence of the ecosystem services concept suggests that economic valuation studies are already fulfilling a role in raising awareness by demonstrating the loss of nature's goods and services using monetary indicators. In order to have future relevance in capturing value and giving support to policy-makers, valuation methods must specifically address resource accounting, priority setting, and instrument design. This report provides an overview of economic valuation methods of ecosystem services from watersheds in the Nordic countries. The study was commissioned by the Nordic Council of Ministers and conducted by The Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, The Norwegian Institute of Water Research and Sweco Norge during the period May - November 2011. The study indicates that economic valuation methods can be applied to watershed management in multiple ways. However, policy makers should be wary of "one size fits all" valuation estimates that appear ready to use across different watershed types and stakeholder interests.
lt is a tremendous achievement to have provided this highly comprehensive but readable text, which informs such a large group of researchers and clinicians." Christopher Kennard, PhD, FRCP, FMedSci, Professor of Clinical Neurology, Head, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom. "A monograph written with deep knowledge, understanding, wisdom, clarity, intelligibility - the superlatives could go on and on... A remarkable achievement and a great gift to all of us from the two modern giants of eye movement disorders." Michael Halmagyi, MD, Eye and Ear Research Unit, Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, The University of Sydney, Australia. "The fifth edition of The Neurology of Eye Movements is a must for all neurologists and neuroscientists interested in how the human vestibular and oculomotor systems adapt to movement in space and to optimally viewing the world and its contents." Louis R. Caplan, MD, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Tunnelling provides a robust solution to a variety of engineering challenges. It is a complex process, which requires a firm understanding of the ground conditions as well as the importance of ground-structure interaction. This book covers the full range of areas related to tunnel construction required to embark upon a career in tunnelling. It also includes a number of case studies related to real tunnel projects, to demonstrate how the theory applies in practice. New features of this second edition include: the introduction of a case study related to Crossrail’s project in London, focussing on the Whitechapel and Liverpool Street station tunnels and including considerations of building tunnels in a congested urban area; and further information on recent developments in tunnel boring machines, including further examples of all the different types of machine as well as multi-mode machines. The coverage includes: Both hard-rock and soft-ground conditions Site investigation, parameter selection, and design considerations Methods of improving the stability of the ground and lining techniques Descriptions of the various main tunnelling techniques Health and safety considerations Monitoring of tunnels during construction Description of the latest tunnel boring machines Case studies with real examples, including Crossrail’s project in London Clear, concise, and heavily illustrated, this is a vital text for final-year undergraduate and MSc students and an invaluable starting point for young professionals and novices in tunnelling.
Since the first edition of Equine Nutrition and Feeding was published in 1986, it has become the seminal work on the subject. It covers all the key topics that you need to know for your equine nutrition degree course. This comprehensive and clearly evidenced textbook covers how food is digested and nutrients are used in growing, working and breeding horses. It also explains the scientific basis for calculating nutrient and dietary requirements in an understandable manner, and shows you how to do these calculations. Special attention is also given to grassland and pasture, and to housing and diet-related diseases. Additional, student-friendly features include: References to the most up-to-date information, including “Nutrient Requirements of Horses”, from the National Research Council (2007). Case histories to provide practical examples. Study questions at the end of each chapter to help you to revise. A comprehensive glossary of terms and abbreviations. Changes to this fourth edition: Evidence base has been expanded, with 646 new research reports and papers being incorporated. Extensively revised to make navigation easier. A new section is dedicated to the weaning and growth of the foal. This book is the essential text for any undergraduate and postgraduate student of equine nutrition, equine veterinary medicine, equine veterinary nursing or agricultural science. It is also used by equine nutritionists and horse owners.
Part of an eleven-volume set which contains all of Ricardo's published and unpublished writings, and provides great insight into the early era of political economics.
Now in four convenient volumes, Field’s Virology remains the most authoritative reference in this fast-changing field, providing definitive coverage of virology, including virus biology as well as replication and medical aspects of specific virus families.
A GCSE course created in consultation with schools. Textbooks and an integrated revision programme cover all UK boards syllabuses at three tiers. Extends the benefits and teaching style of Key Maths to GCSE.
This book is written for advanced graduate and undergraduate students to expose them to a variety of strategies for the synthesis of organic compounds. This is done largely within the context of natural products synthesis, but some unnatural products synthesis is also included. Multiple approaches to each group of synthesis targets are presented, and the approaches are compared with one another with an eye on similarities and differences. General problems in organic synthesis (for example, strategies for the preparation of 6-membered rings and 5-membered rings, the importance of oxidation state, the problem of acyclic diastereoselectivity, the problem of controlling absolute stereochemistry, the importance of functional group relationships) are introduced early in the book and revisited throughout the text within the context of a variety of structurally unrelated natural products.The book provides readers with a somewhat historical overview of organic and natural products chemistry, and spans synthetic methodology that dates from the 1940's to the present time. It is written in a style that readers will find entertaining at times. It also contains lots of useful references with complete titles provided.
Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2022-557/ Urban green and blue areas offer multiple ecosystem services, that support urban resilience and contribute to the well-being and quality of life of urban dwellers. But urban development poses a risk of losing urban ecosystems and their services to inhabitants. Hence, urban green spaces need to be integrated into urban planning and decision making in a systematic way. Urban ecosystem accounting (EA) provides a framework for quantifying changes in the extent and the condition of urban ecosystems and for assessing change in the ecosystem service supply and use over time. As a result, EA provides an information system that can support municipal planning and policy. This report describes a few pilots carried out in Finland and Norway and proposes a draft roadmap for future urban ecosystem accounting in Nordic cities.
This season Frommer's America on Wheels takes you across the country with complete coverage of 35 states, including reliable ratings and reviews of more than 10,000 new lodgings and restaurants. The five new titles complete the nine-book series, which now covers virtually the entire country. As always, every hotel, motel, resort, lodge, and inn has been fully inspected and rated from one to five flags according to America on Wheels' benchmark rating system, with our special "Ultra" award reserved for the best of the best. Restaurants, too, have undergone the scrutiny of our tireless experts, who have highlighted local favorites, exceptional values, and those restaurants that are worth a splurge. Our hard-nosed, experienced travel professionals gain the trust of readers by providing them with the unvarnished truth about a property's weaknesses as well as its strong points: "Shoe-horned into a tiny spot just a corner too far from the shops, but the curved driveway with fountains and flowers makes an appropriately posh entrance", "Recent rehab has brightened the decor, but deep-pile wall-to-wall carpeting conjures up memories of early Howard Johnsons", "All the usual...refinements, including Italian marble bathrooms; but even in a climate where temperatures climb over 100degrees F, many guests might prefer windows that can be opened.". More than just lists of data, our reviews give readers the know-how of travel professionals. New this season: -- Reliable ratings and reviews of more than 10,000 properties -- Expanded major city coverage, with lodgings and restaurants keyed to neighborhood maps -- 24 pages of 4-color maps -- $500 in money-saving coupons -- Increasedattention to the needs of today's traveler, from dataports to low-fat menus In addition, coverage of each state includes: -- Hundreds of lodging and restaurant listings, featuring super-clear icons that make it easy for readers to find what they're looking for at a glance -- from golf courses to kid-friendly restaurants -- An in-depth introduction, including essential trip-planning information and background highlighted by fun facts about each state Graceland is the second most-visited house in America (only the White House has more visitors) Seattleites buy more sunglasses per capita than the people of any other city Portland is the only city in America with an extinct volcano within its city limits -- Mount Tabor -- Our "Best of the State" section, featuring highlights of what to see and do, information on events and festivals, and everything enthusiasts need to know about outdoor recreation and spectator sports -- Scenic driving tours ranging from afternoon outings to longer trips, with all tours keyed to maps. -- Hundreds of sights and attractions that are worth a detour, including historic sites and homes, national parks and monuments, natural wonders, museums, amusement parks, battlefields, and zoos America on Wheels is your indispensable trip-planning tool for every type of travel -- from romantic weekend escapes to family vacations and cross-country tours.
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