The report examines the relationships between agricultural policies in the North China Plain, the approaches to water management that evolved from them, the quantity of water that was actually used, and the consequent groundwater depletion beneath Luancheng County, Hebei Province, from 1949 to 2000. To systematically address these relationships, we use a comprehensive water-balance approach. Our results indicate that a single, longstanding policy-that of using groundwater to meet the crop-water requirements not supplied by precipitation-is responsible for the steady rate of groundwater decline.
In this study, satellite remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques were used to analyze the agricultural performance and sustainability of the Bhakra Irrigation System in India. The results demonstrate the synergy possible from applying satellite remote sensing and GIS to evaluate trends in rising water tables and salinity, which are two important threats to the sustainability of irrigation systems, and the cost-effectiveness of these techniques as diagnostic tools for irrigation system improvement.
Irrigated agriculture produces about 40% of all food and fibre on about 16% of all cropped land. As such, irrigated agriculture is a productive user of resources; both in terms of yield per cropped area and in yield per volume of water consumed. Many irrigation projects, however, use (divert or withdraw) much more water than consumed by the crop. The non-consumed fraction of the water may cause a variety of undesirable effects ranging from water-logging and salinity within the irrigated area to downstram water pollution. This book discusses all components of the water balance of an irrigated area; evapotranspiration (Ch.2), effective precipitation (Ch.3) and capillary rise from the groundwater table (Ch.4). Chapter 5 then combines all components into a water management strategy that balances actual evapotranspiration (and thus crop yield) with the groundwater balance of the irrigated area (for a substainable environment). Chapter 6 presents CRIWAR 3.0, a simulation program that combines all water balance components into a single simulation procedure. The chapter describes the use of the CRIWAR software for developing water requirement tables and other useful information based on the selected water management strategy. This version greatly expands upon the capabilities of previously published programs.
The purpose of this study is to analyze variations in wheat yields and to assess the range of factors affecting wheat yields and profitability of wheat production in the selected irrigation systems in India and Pakistan. The study attempts to identify constraints and opportunities for closing the existing yield gaps. It is hypothesized that substantial gains in aggregate yields can be obtained by improved water management practices at the farm and irrigation-system levels.
Robinson tells the story of a mind at work, focusing on Thoreau's idea of "natural life" as both a subject of study and a model for personal growth and ethical purpose. "The best, most thoughtful, most carefully worked out account of Thoreau's major ideas."--Robert D. Richardson, Jr., author of "Emerson: The Mind on Fire
This handsome, affordable paperback edition is based on the original 1854 edition with emendations taken from Thoreau's draft manuscripts, his own markings on page proofs, and notes in his personal copy of the book.
On the 31st of August, 1846, I left Concord in Massachusetts for Bangor and the backwoods of Maine--thus begins The Maine Woods, the evocative story of Thoreau's journeys through a familiar yet untouched land. As he explores Mt. Katahdin (an Indian word meaning highest land), Lake Chesuncook, the Allagash River, and the East Branch of the Penobscot, Thoreau muses on his own vulnerability and the humility engendered by his solitude in the wilderness. Throughout Thoreau invokes the forest of Maine--the mountains, waterways, fauna, flora, and the people--in his singular style. Echoing Walden, Thoreau's passionate outcry against the degradation of the environment in The Maine Woods will resonate strongly today. This fully annotated gift edition of The Maine Woods makes a wonderful companion volume to Walden: A Fully Annotated Edition and I to Myself: An Annotated Selection from the Journal of Henry D. Thoreau.
. Simplify, Simplify distills Thoreau's massive body of work into 750 of his most profound ideas on subjects ranging from the ecology movement to English literature, from Confucius to John Milton.
Classic of American literature not only vividly narrates a boat trip Thoreau took with his brother in 1839 but also contains thought-provoking observations on literature, philosophy, Native American and Puritan histories of New England, friends, and a diversity of other topics. Of it, Ralph Waldo Emerson said, "[It] is a book of wonderful merit, which is to go far and last long.".
This is the inaugural volume in the first full-scale scholarly edition of Thoreau's correspondence in more than half a century. When completed, the edition's three volumes will include every extant letter written or received by Thoreau--in all, almost 650 letters, roughly 150 more than in any previous edition, including dozens that have never before been published. Correspondence 1 contains 163 letters, ninety-six written by Thoreau and sixty-seven to him. Twenty-five are collected here for the first time; of those, fourteen have never before been published. These letters provide an intimate view of Thoreau's path from college student to published author. At the beginning of the volume, Thoreau is a Harvard sophomore; by the end, some of his essays and poems have appeared in periodicals and he is at work on A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers and Walden. The early part of the volume documents Thoreau's friendships with college classmates and his search for work after graduation, while letters to his brother and sisters reveal warm, playful relationships among the siblings. In May 1843, Thoreau moves to Staten Island for eight months to tutor a nephew of Emerson's. This move results in the richest period of letters in the volume: thirty-two by Thoreau and nineteen to him. From 1846 through 1848, letters about publishing and lecturing provide details about Thoreau's first years as a professional author. As the volume closes, the most ruminative and philosophical of Thoreau's epistolary relationships begins, that with Harrison Gray Otis Blake. Thoreau's longer letters to Blake amount to informal lectures, and in fact Blake invited a small group of friends to readings when these arrived. Following every letter, annotations identify correspondents, individuals mentioned, and books quoted, cited, or alluded to, and describe events to which the letters refer. A historical introduction characterizes the letters and connects them with the events of Thoreau's life, a textual introduction lays out the editorial principles and procedures followed, and a general introduction discusses the significance of letter-writing in the mid-nineteenth century and the history of the publication of Thoreau's letters. Finally, a thorough index provides comprehensive access to the letters and annotations.
This collection of fifty-three early pieces by Thoreau represents the full range of his youthful imagination. Collected, arranged, and carefully edited for the first time here, the writings date from 1828 to 1852 and cover a broad range of subjects: learning, morals, literature, history, politics, and love. Included is a major essay on Sir Walter Raleigh that was not published during the author's lifetime and a fragmentary college piece here published for the first time. Titles of essays published in the volume are given below. Early Essay? The Seasons Anxieties and Delights of a Discoverer Men Whose Pursuit Is Money Of Keeping a Private Journal "We Are Apt to Become What Others . . . Think Us to Be" Forms, Ceremonies, and Restraints of Polite Society A Man of Business, a Man of Pleasure, a Man of the World Musings Kinds of Energetic Character Privileges and Pleasures of a Literary Man Severe and Mild Punishments Popular Feeling Style May . . . Offend against Simplicity The Book of the Seasons Sir Henry Vane Literary Digressions Foreign Influence on American Literature Life and Works of Sir W. Scott The Love of Stories Cultivation of the Imagination The Greek Classic Poets The Meaning of "Fate" Whether the Government Ought to Educate Travellers & Inhabitants History . . . of the Roman Republic A Writer's Nationality and Individual Genius L'Allegro & Il Penseroso All Men Are Mad The Speeches of Moloch & the Rest People of Different Sections Gaining or Exercising Public Influence Titles of Books Sublimity The General Obligation to Tell the Truth "Being Content with Common Reasons" The Duty, Inconvenience and Dangers of Conformity Moral Excellence Barbarities of Civilized States T. Pomponius Atticus Class Book Autobiography "The Commercial Spirit of Modern Times" Miscellanie? DIED . . . Miss Anna Jones Aulus Persius Flaccus The Laws of Menu Sayings of Confucius Dark Ages Chinese Four Books Homer. Ossian. Chaucer. Hermes Trismegistus . . . From the Gulistan of Saadi Sir Walter Raleigh Thomas Carlyle and His Works Love Chastity & Sensuality
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