Containing inflation has turned out to be one of the most challenging aspects of economic management in Iraq. This paper posits that conventional as well as unconventional factors explain inflation dynamics in the recent past. We build a theoretical model based on the insights into the workings of socialist economies under supply shortages provided by Shleifer and Vishny (1992) to help explain price dynamics. In the model, strategic behavior of the fuel distribution monopolist results in fuel shortages, with implications for fuel and non-fuel inflation. A number of step-wise adjustments of administered prices for fuel products since December 2005 offer an interesting experiment to help study this behavior. Our findings show that inflation may have been influenced by shortages in fuel and non-fuel commodity supplies, which themselves are driven by violence and rent-seeking.
How can researchers obtain reliable responses on sensitive issues in dangerous settings? This Element elucidates ways for researchers to use unobtrusive experimental methods to elicit answers to risky, taboo, and threatening questions in dangerous social environments. The methods discussed in this Element help social scientists to encourage respondents to express their true preferences and to reduce bias, while protecting them, local survey organizations, and researchers. The Element is grounded in an original study of civilian support for the jihadi insurgency in the Russian North Caucasus in Dagestan that assesses theories about wartime attitudes toward militant groups. We argue that sticky identities, security threats, and economic dependence curb the ability of civilians to switch loyalties.
Witnessing takes place when it is least expected: in the yard, at the grocery store or on the phone. Those relationships provide the opportunities to live and share Christ.Although, relationship evangelism is an ancient concept, it is the open door to friends, acquaintances, and coworkers. The thought of witnessing about faith can leave one tongue-tied, but Evangelism in Everyday Life reassures us that it is a natural outflow of our love for God. Living a holy life in daily activities becomes the light that shines on the hill, around the office and across the neighborhood.Care and compassion is the language that changes hearts. Once a person comes to Christ, this book also provides answers for guiding him or her along the journey. And the witness continues through discipleship and guidance. Rooting a new Christian firmly in the life of the church is the next step in deepening relationships with God and fellow man. Down-to-earth answers to these and many other such questions make this book an invaluable witnessing tool. Leader’s Guide. Paper.
What Jesus did with twelve men in just three years is extraordinary. Using an array of strategies and principles, he created a conducive environment for collaboration and success and was able to turn simple disciples into transformational leaders.In Six Leadership Principles from the Gospels, David Felter examines the principles and strategies that Jesus used in His ministry and shows how these can be applied to help leaders transform a group into a community. Using practical examples and solid biblical evidence, Felter explores the dynamics of forming a community, how to cross boundary lines, ways to implement change and manage mission, and the essentials of rising above the status quo. With relevance and perception, Felter helps leaders understand the transformational leadership principles of Christ and then put them into practice.
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