Criminal Punishment and Restorative Justice is an appraisal of the divide that exists between punitive and restorative methods. The book looks at events that serve to restrict a greater and more emphatic adoption of restorative justice and its huge potential in contemporary criminal justice developments. In an era of increasing and worldwide reliance on imprisonment and other punitive methods, the author argues that justice and communities would be far better served by a more enthusiastic and early shift to restorative methods. Criminal Punishment and Restorative Justice provides an international perspective on how restorative justice can bring about an altogether more enlightened approach to dealing with offenders and victims alike, against a backdrop of often spurious, traditional justifications for punishment. While acknowledging the need for a constructive use of custody and other corrections in response to serious crime, the author points out that the present over-reliance on custody can be reduced by challenging offenders to take responsibility for their offenses and to make practical reparation for their wrong-doing and repairing the harm that they have caused. The book also assesses the potential of restorative justice to make corrections more effective, civilized, humane, and pragmatic in terms of finding solutions to crime on the basis of sound principles and information, not political expediency.
With an increase in visits to remote and dangerous locations around the world, the number of serious and fatal injuries and illnesses associated with these expeditions has markedly increased. Medical personnel working in or near such locations are not always explicitly trained in the management of unique environmental injuries, such as high-altitude sickness, the bends, lightning strikes, frostbite, acute dehydration, venomous stings and bites, and tropical diseases. Many health care professionals seek training in the specialty of wilderness medicine to cope with the health risks faced when far removed from professional care resources, and the American College of Emergency Medicine has recently mandated that a minimum level of proficiency needs to be exhibited by all ER physicians in this discipline. This book covers everything a prospective field physician or medical consultant needs to prepare for when beginning an expedition and explains how to treat a variety of conditions in a concise, clinically oriented format.
What is restorative justice ... and does it work? These are just two of the many questions posed by David J Cornwell in this incisive work. Based on a lifetime of research and experience it deals with the concerns about crime and punishment of that most vivid of judicial creations, The Man or Woman on the Clapham Omnibus. As the author explains, this human reference point for reason and good sense is likely to be far more receptive to sound explanation and argument than the media (and tabloid press in particular) might give credit. And after all, it is his or her taxes which are being routinely wasted on outmoded or discredited methods. Crime will not disappear through the application of heavy-handed sanctions. Indeed, they make matters worse. With prisons overflowing in many western countries, restorative justice offers a better and ultimately more intuitive solution. Cornwell dismantles the traditional arguments for locking people away and undermines the idea that it is necessary to be tough on crime. The book credits people with a higher level of intelligence. It provides them with proper answers and explanations based on sound data, copious research and an in-depth analysis of existing trends. It is a work for people who value credibility rather than politically-driven excuses with their increasingly damaging effects.
This book presents both a survey of and commentary upon the penal process of England and Wales between 1945 and 2020 from the primary perspective of prisons and their operational management. Part I focusses on the extent to which governmental polities, changing concepts in penology and significant events affected the performance and management of prisons during four key periods: 1945-1991; 1991-1997; 1997-2007 and 2007-2020. Part II presents a vision for more effective operation of prisons within the wider penal process in the 2020s and beyond. It draws upon the author's academic insights and his experience as a former prison governor. This book speaks to those in the social sciences, law and politics and to professionals in government and in the penal system who are interested in reform.
With an escalating number of criminals going to prison, longer sentences, overcrowded and ineffective regimes, high rates of re-offending and an eclectic penal policy, there is a prison crisis. In this book, the author argues that this penal malaise is grounded in media sensationalism of crime and the need of politicians and their advisers to retain electoral credibility. Change is long overdue, but it requires a fresh, contemporary penology based on restorative justice. This book challenges the status quo, asks 'different questions' and places victims of crime at the centre of the criminal justice process.
Restorative justice has attracted increasing support world-wide, but it sits uncomfortably alongside entrenched attitudes towards punishment and retribution. Because it does not involve 'locking-up people and throwing away the key' it is not favoured reading for risk-averse politicians or the media. There are also vested interests at play which can be traced back to when the state first sought to enhance its coffers and cast victims to the sidelines. As a result, the concept of 'mercy' has become largely lost, distorting relationships between victims, offenders and communities. 'This is a book for everyone concerned about the unfortunate state of our existing penal practices': Tapio Lappi-Seppälä. The author argues that rediscovering mercy would lead to a more humane and purposeful form of criminal justice. His book looks at the characteristics of mercy and explains how it has become confused with mitigation and leniency. He goes on to deconstruct and analyze current theories and make proposals for reform. Long-overdue reform of contemporary criminal justice necessitates, as the author writes, a 'paradigm-shift' requiring inspired leadership and a consensus to 'do justice better' between policy-makers, academics, jurists, professionals and opinion-formers. The book examines the implications and challenges of such a journey and its value in helping to shape a modern, progressive, enlightened and civilised society. Identifies a lost ingredient of criminal justice: shows where criminal justice 'went wrong' and why it needs to recover and change direction; contains important new proposals. Based on a lifetime's experience of prisons and dealing with prisoners of all kinds in the UK and abroad. David J Cornwell has extensive experience of prisons and is an expert on restorative justice. His books include Criminal Punishment and Restorative Justice (2006) and the more recently acclaimed Civilising Criminal Justice (2013) (as editor: with John Blad and Martin Wright). Tapio Lappi-Seppälä is Director General of the National Research Institute of Legal Policy and former senior legislative adviser on criminal law in Finland's Ministry of Justice.
The first comprehensive treatment of stereotypes and stereotyping, this text synthesizes a vast body of social and cognitive research that has emerged over the past-quarter century. Provided is an unusually broad analysis of stereotypes as products both of individual cognitive activities and of social and cultural forces. While devoting careful attention to harmful aspects of stereotypes, their connections to prejudice and discrimination, and effective strategies for countering them, the volume also examines the positive functions of generalizations in helping people navigate a complex world. Unique features include four chapters addressing the content of stereotypes, which consider such topics as why certain traits are the focus of stereotyping and how they become attributed to particular groups. An outstanding text for advanced undergraduate- and graduate-level courses, the volume is highly readable and features many useful examples.
The second edition of this comprehensive textbook for students of Neuropsychology gives a thorough overview of the complex relationship between brain and behaviour. With an excellent blend of clinical, experimental and theoretical coverage, it draws on the latest research findings from neuroscience, cognitive neuroscience, neurochemistry, clinical neuropsychology and neuropsychology to provide students with new insights in this fast moving field. The book is organised around the main neuropsychological disorders in the areas of perception, executive dysfunction, attention, memory, cerebral asymmetry, language, emotion and consciousness. There is a clear emphasis on bridging the gap between theory and practice with links throughout to clinical issues of both assessment and rehabilitation to build a clear understanding of the application of the theoretical issues. The final section in each chapter illustrates the importance of a more systematic approach to intervention, which takes into account theoretical views of recovery from brain damage. New to this edition: A new chapter format that includes a "basic topic" section, which contains up-to-date essential knowledge of the topic and a "further topics" section for a more advanced treatment of the area. A new section on neuroscientific approaches to rehabilitation in each chapter to make links between scientific knowledge and clinical treatment. A brand new chapter on consciousness A new full colour layout with increased pedagogical features, including key terms, section summaries, ‘study questions’ and improved presentation of figures and brain diagrams A companion website including related weblinks, guidance on answering the ‘study questions’, and flashcards. This book will be invaluable for undergraduate students in Neuropsychology and students who wish to take the subject further to the various clinical fields.
A psychiatrist provides an insider account on the controversial use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) Prozac. Paxil. Zoloft. Turn on your television and you are likely to see a commercial for one of the many selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on the market. We hear a lot about them, but do we really understand how these drugs work and what risks are involved for anyone who uses them? Let Them Eat Prozac explores the history of SSRIs—from their early development to their latest marketing campaigns—and the controversies that surround them. Initially, they seemed like wonder drugs for those with mild to moderate depression. When Prozac was released in the late 1980s, David Healy was among the psychiatrists who prescribed it. But he soon observed that some of these patients became agitated and even attempted suicide. Could the new wonder drug actually be making patients worse? Healy draws on his own research and expertise to demonstrate the potential hazards associated with these drugs. He intersperses case histories with insider accounts of the research leading to the development and approval of SSRIs as a treatment for depression. Let Them Eat Prozac clearly demonstrates that the problems go much deeper than a side-effect of a particular drug. The pharmaceutical industry would like us to believe that SSRIs can safely treat depression, anxiety, and a host of other mental problems. But, as Let Them Eat Prozac reveals, this “cure” may be worse than the disease.
Restorative justice has attracted increasing support world-wide, but it sits uncomfortably alongside entrenched attitudes towards punishment and retribution. Because it does not involve 'locking-up people and throwing away the key' it is not favoured reading for risk-averse politicians or the media. There are also vested interests at play which can be traced back to when the state first sought to enhance its coffers and cast victims to the sidelines. As a result, the concept of 'mercy' has become largely lost, distorting relationships between victims, offenders and communities. 'This is a book for everyone concerned about the unfortunate state of our existing penal practices': Tapio Lappi-Seppälä. The author argues that rediscovering mercy would lead to a more humane and purposeful form of criminal justice. His book looks at the characteristics of mercy and explains how it has become confused with mitigation and leniency. He goes on to deconstruct and analyze current theories and make proposals for reform. Long-overdue reform of contemporary criminal justice necessitates, as the author writes, a 'paradigm-shift' requiring inspired leadership and a consensus to 'do justice better' between policy-makers, academics, jurists, professionals and opinion-formers. The book examines the implications and challenges of such a journey and its value in helping to shape a modern, progressive, enlightened and civilised society. Identifies a lost ingredient of criminal justice: shows where criminal justice 'went wrong' and why it needs to recover and change direction; contains important new proposals. Based on a lifetime's experience of prisons and dealing with prisoners of all kinds in the UK and abroad. David J Cornwell has extensive experience of prisons and is an expert on restorative justice. His books include Criminal Punishment and Restorative Justice (2006) and the more recently acclaimed Civilising Criminal Justice (2013) (as editor: with John Blad and Martin Wright). Tapio Lappi-Seppälä is Director General of the National Research Institute of Legal Policy and former senior legislative adviser on criminal law in Finland's Ministry of Justice.
This book presents both a survey of and commentary upon the penal process of England and Wales between 1945 and 2020 from the primary perspective of prisons and their operational management. Part I focusses on the extent to which governmental polities, changing concepts in penology and significant events affected the performance and management of prisons during four key periods: 1945-1991; 1991-1997; 1997-2007 and 2007-2020. Part II presents a vision for more effective operation of prisons within the wider penal process in the 2020s and beyond. It draws upon the author's academic insights and his experience as a former prison governor. This book speaks to those in the social sciences, law and politics and to professionals in government and in the penal system who are interested in reform.
In Criminal Punishment and Restorative Justice author David J. Cornwell draws on bedrock issues in contemporary criminology and penology in order to contrast punitive and restorative responses to crime. He then looks at the forces that serve to constrain more emphatic adoption of restorative methods and - against a backdrop of increasing worldwide reliance on custody, 'touch solutions' and punitive thinking - examines the claims of restorative justice to mainstream adoption by governments. The book also provides an international perspective on the needs of victims and offenders alike and assesses how the worldwide trend towards punitive methods can be reversed by challenging offenders to take responsibility for their offences and to make practical reparation for the harm that they have caused. Such developments, the author argues, would serve to make 'corrections' more effective, civilised, humane, pragmatic, 'non-fanciful' and less driven by the often ill-considered politics of the moment.
What is restorative justice ... and does it work? These are just two of the many questions posed by David J Cornwell in this incisive work. Based on a lifetime of research and experience it deals with the concerns about crime and punishment of that most vivid of judicial creations, The Man or Woman on the Clapham Omnibus. As the author explains, this human reference point for reason and good sense is likely to be far more receptive to sound explanation and argument than the media (and tabloid press in particular) might give credit. And after all, it is his or her taxes which are being routinely wasted on outmoded or discredited methods. Crime will not disappear through the application of heavy-handed sanctions. Indeed, they make matters worse. With prisons overflowing in many western countries, restorative justice offers a better and ultimately more intuitive solution. Cornwell dismantles the traditional arguments for locking people away and undermines the idea that it is necessary to be tough on crime. The book credits people with a higher level of intelligence. It provides them with proper answers and explanations based on sound data, copious research and an in-depth analysis of existing trends. It is a work for people who value credibility rather than politically-driven excuses with their increasingly damaging effects.
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