A growing concern of mine has been the unrealistic expectations for new computer-related technologies introduced into all kinds of organizations. Unrealistic expectations lead to disappointment, and a schizophrenic approach to the introduction of new technologies. The UNIX and real-time UNIX operating system technologies are major examples of emerging technologies with great potential benefits but unrealistic expectations. Users want to use UNIX as a common operating system throughout large segments of their organizations. A common operating system would decrease software costs by helping to provide portability and interoperability between computer systems in today's multivendor environments. Users would be able to more easily purchase new equipment and technologies and cost-effectively reuse their applications. And they could more easily connect heterogeneous equipment in different departments without having to constantly write and rewrite interfaces. On the other hand, many users in various organizations do not understand the ramifications of general-purpose versus real-time UNIX. Users tend to think of "real-time" as a way to handle exotic heart-monitoring or robotics systems. Then these users use UNIX for transaction processing and office applications and complain about its performance, robustness, and reliability. Unfortunately, the users don't realize that real-time capabilities added to UNIX can provide better performance, robustness and reliability for these non-real-time applications. Many other vendors and users do realize this, however. There are indications even now that general-purpose UNIX will go away as a separate entity. It will be replaced by a real-time UNIX. General-purpose UNIX will exist only as a subset of real-time UNIX.
Software architecture—the conceptual glue that holds every phase of a project together for its many stakeholders—is widely recognized as a critical element in modern software development. Practitioners have increasingly discovered that close attention to a software system’s architecture pays valuable dividends. Without an architecture that is appropriate for the problem being solved, a project will stumble along or, most likely, fail. Even with a superb architecture, if that architecture is not well understood or well communicated the project is unlikely to succeed. Documenting Software Architectures, Second Edition, provides the most complete and current guidance, independent of language or notation, on how to capture an architecture in a commonly understandable form. Drawing on their extensive experience, the authors first help you decide what information to document, and then, with guidelines and examples (in various notations, including UML), show you how to express an architecture so that others can successfully build, use, and maintain a system from it. The book features rules for sound documentation, the goals and strategies of documentation, architectural views and styles, documentation for software interfaces and software behavior, and templates for capturing and organizing information to generate a coherent package. New and improved in this second edition: Coverage of architectural styles such as service-oriented architectures, multi-tier architectures, and data models Guidance for documentation in an Agile development environment Deeper treatment of documentation of rationale, reflecting best industrial practices Improved templates, reflecting years of use and feedback, and more documentation layout options A new, comprehensive example (available online), featuring documentation of a Web-based service-oriented system Reference guides for three important architecture documentation languages: UML, AADL, and SySML
Conventional build-then-test practices are making today’s embedded, software-reliant systems unaffordable to build. In response, more than thirty leading industrial organizations have joined SAE (formerly, the Society of Automotive Engineers) to define the SAE Architecture Analysis & Design Language (AADL) AS-5506 Standard, a rigorous and extensible foundation for model-based engineering analysis practices that encompass software system design, integration, and assurance. Using AADL, you can conduct lightweight and rigorous analyses of critical real-time factors such as performance, dependability, security, and data integrity. You can integrate additional established and custom analysis/specification techniques into your engineering environment, developing a fully unified architecture model that makes it easier to build reliable systems that meet customer expectations. Model-Based Engineering with AADL is the first guide to using this new international standard to optimize your development processes. Coauthored by Peter H. Feiler, the standard’s author and technical lead, this introductory reference and tutorial is ideal for self-directed learning or classroom instruction, and is an excellent reference for practitioners, including architects, developers, integrators, validators, certifiers, first-level technical leaders, and project managers. Packed with real-world examples, it introduces all aspects of the AADL notation as part of an architecture-centric, model-based engineering approach to discovering embedded software systems problems earlier, when they cost less to solve. Throughout, the authors compare AADL to other modeling notations and approaches, while presenting the language via a complete case study: the development and analysis of a realistic example system through repeated refinement and analysis. Part One introduces both the AADL language and core Model-Based Engineering (MBE) practices, explaining basic software systems modeling and analysis in the context of an example system, and offering practical guidelines for effectively applying AADL. Part Two describes the characteristics of each AADL element, including their representations, applicability, and constraints. The Appendix includes comprehensive listings of AADL language elements, properties incorporated in the AADL standard, and a description of the book’s example system.
The confrontation between German and Soviet forces at Stalingrad was a titanic clash of armies on an unprecedented scale-a campaign that was both a turning point in World War II and a lasting symbol of that war's power and devastation. Yet despite the attention lavished on this epic battle by historians, much about it has been greatly misunderstood or hidden from view-as David Glantz, the world's foremost authority on the Red Army in World War II, now shows. This first volume in Glantz's masterly trilogy draws on previously unseen or neglected sources to provide the definitive account of the opening phase of this iconic Eastern Front campaign. Glantz has combed daily official records from both sides-including the Red Army General Staff, the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs, the German Sixth Army, and the Soviet 62nd Army-to produce a work of unparalleled detail and fresh interpretations. Jonathan House, an authority on twentieth-century warfare, adds further insight and context. Hitler's original objective was not Stalingrad but the Caucasus oilfields to the south of the city. So he divided his Army Group South into two parts-one to secure the city on his flank, one to capture the oilfields. Glantz reveals for the first time how Stalin, in response, demanded that the Red Army stand and fight rather than withdraw, leading to the numerous little-known combat engagements that seriously eroded the Wehrmacht's strength before it even reached Stalingrad. He shows that, although advancing German forces essentially destroyed the armies of the Soviet Southwestern and Southern Fronts, the Soviets resisted the German advance much more vigorously than has been thought through constant counterattacks, ultimately halting the German offensive at the gates of Stalingrad. This fresh, eye-opening account and the subsequent companion volumes-on the actual battle for the city itself and the successful Soviet counteroffensive that followed-will dramatically revise and expand our understanding of what remains a military campaign for the ages.
For almost 70 years Soviet and Russian military theorists have been fascinated with the concept of airborne operations. Now Russian theorists tackle the problems posed to such operations by high-precision weaponry. This work, using newly released and formerly classified Soviet and East German archives, provides a detailed record of the performance of Soviet airborne forces during peace and war.
At age 42, Barbara L. Gordon was diagnosed with Stage II breast cancer. Two years later, it appeared that the cancer had metastasized. Along with her oncologist and other experts, Gordon has written the book that she wished she had as she faced late-stage breast cancer and the prospect of dying from the disease. Filled with information and advice, and designed to enable informed decisions and improved quality of life, this comprehensive guide gathers in one place authoritative medical information about recurrence and late-stage breast cancer, and it addresses the practical, emotional, spiritual, and interpersonal aspects of dying and death. This indispensable book aids those diagnosed with recurrent or late-stage breast cancer, those wanting to reduce the chance of a recurrence, and those with other types of late-stage cancer. It is also a valuable resource for healthcare professionals, friends, and family members. Topics covered include • Types of recurrence, their symptoms, and ways of minimizing the chance of a recurrence • Diagnostic tests, potential surgeries, and treatments to manage late-stage cancer • Getting the best care, evaluating complementary therapies, and alleviating pain and depression • Cessation of treatment and what one may experience as the disease progresses • End-of-life issues including dealing with financial and legal matters, communicating with loved ones and hospice workers, and planning memorial services Breast Cancer Recurrence and Advanced Disease includes a glossary of medical terms, appendices on nutrition and integrative health centers, and links to current Web sites addressing matters such as clinical trials, patients’ rights, and medical expenses.
Despite significant progress due to public health campaigns and other policy efforts, smoking continues to be a serious health threat throughout the world. In addition, sedentary lifestyles, poor diet, and obesity continue to be major causes of chronic diseases. The Health Impact of Smoking and Obesity and What to Do about It synthesizes a vast quantity of recent data on the benefits and cost-effectiveness of both clinical and public health interventions in addressing the risk factors of smoking and obesity. A large proportion of chronic disease is preventable. The Health Impact of Smoking and Obesity and What to Do about It provides solid evidence and practical advice to health care planners, decision-makers, and frontline providers alike. The volume discusses various approaches to measuring disease burden and setting health care targets, and provides a summary of interventions of proven effectiveness. Taking into account the vital lessons learned from the experience of tobacco control over forty years, and focusing on the current state of the evidence for obesity control, the study stresses the importance of comprehensive strategies that deal with both individual behaviour changes and the need to encourage social contexts that enhance healthy choices and lifestyles.
Recent Advances in Spinal Surgery is a comprehensive, illustrated collection of the most recent developments in the field. An editorial team of US-based experts ensures authoritative content throughout. Divided into seventeen chapters, this book covers the full spectrum of spinal conditions and interventions. All information is thoroughly up-to-date, including reviews of novel neuroprotective and neuroregenerative strategies, and new tools for predicting surgical outcomes and collecting data. Recent Advances in Spinal Surgery also features discussion on surgical options for patients for whom non-operative interventions are unsuccessful, and covers total disc replacement for both the cervical and lumbar spines. 88 full colour illustrations enhance this important update in the field of spinal surgery. Key Points Reviews of the most recent developments in the field of spinal surgery New neuroprotective and neuroregenerative strategies for spinal cord injuries 88 full colour illustrations
Salvage logging—removing trees from a forested area in the wake of a catastrophic event such as a wildfire or hurricane—is highly controversial. Policymakers and those with an economic interest in harvesting trees typically argue that damaged areas should be logged so as to avoid “wasting” resources, while many forest ecologists contend that removing trees following a disturbance is harmful to a variety of forest species and can interfere with the natural process of ecosystem recovery. Salvage Logging and Its Ecological Consequences brings together three leading experts on forest ecology to explore a wide range of issues surrounding the practice of salvage logging. They gather and synthesize the latest research and information about its economic and ecological costs and benefits, and consider the impacts of salvage logging on ecosystem processes and biodiversity. The book examines • what salvage logging is and why it is controversial • natural and human disturbance regimes in forested ecosystems • differences between salvage harvesting and traditional timber harvesting • scientifically documented ecological impacts of salvage operations • the importance of land management objectives in determining appropriate post-disturbance interventions Brief case studies from around the world highlight a variety of projects, including operations that have followed wildfires, storms, volcanic eruptions, and insect infestations. In the final chapter, the authors discuss policy management implications and offer prescriptions for mitigating the impacts of future salvage harvesting efforts. Salvage Logging and Its Ecological Consequences is a “must-read” volume for policymakers, students, academics, practitioners, and professionals involved in all aspects of forest management, natural resource planning, and forest conservation.
It is 1927, and young German diplomat Peter von Saloman and his family are posted to Canton in China, only to find themselves caught up in vicious political turmoil which soon leads to a violent encounter with rebel communists. Cured of crippling injuries by ancient Chinese medicine, their young son Adam soon emerges as a boy with unusual spirit - and very special gifts. On their return to their homeland, the Von Salomans find themselves caught up in the rise of the Nazis in the prelude to World War II. Peter, his beautiful wife Kathe and young Adam will need all the courage and wisdom they learned in China to survive the iniquities of the Third Reich. Long after the war, when her professor boss and lover dies of cancer, Katerina Lindemann discovers that he is not at all the man she thought he was, and that the two of them share an unexpected link with the Von Salomans and their stand against the Nazis. This thrilling and intriguing story will draw the reader into an ingenious and stirring tale of fascism and bravery, love and loyalty.
The most authoritative, comprehensive, and clinically focused guide to operative thoracic surgery – updated with the latest techniques and technologies A Doody's Core Title for 2023! Sugarbaker’s Adult Chest Surgery is a thorough, hands-on guide to the practice of general thoracic surgery. The book covers the entire range of thoracic surgical techniques and management, along with crucial preoperative evaluation, staging, and postoperative strategies. Broad in scope and straightforward in style and presentation, this classic is an outstanding reference for any clinician in need of a comprehensive description of the clinical nature of general thoracic surgery. The focus of this third edition is on providing cutting-edge and up-to-date procedural and clinical management instructions in a field that is constantly changing. The previous edition highlighted minimally invasive, endoscopic, and robotic techniques, and this new edition will even further emphasize these developing technologies. More than 600 full color illustrations, drawn specifically for this book, enhance the text. Essential for residents preparing for a case, surgeons seeking management tips, and surgeons preparing for board recertification, Sugarbaker’s Adult Chest Surgery features a logical organization based on anatomy, and each section has an overview chapter summarizing the relevant anatomy, pathophysiology, and diagnostic and procedural options. Operations and diagnostic procedures are highlighted throughout the book in succinct, illustrated technique chapters.
The full spectrum of thoracic operative concepts and procedures at your fingertips Here, in a single all-inclusive volume, is the sum of clinical knowledge in chest surgery, primarily drawn from the perspectives of internationally known innovators in thoracic surgery. In this text you will find all of the concepts and procedures that comprise the core of the discipline, making it unique among all other general surgery textbooks. Completely up-to-date with the latest non-invasive techniques, Adult Chest Surgery features a logical organization based on anatomy, and each section has an overview chapter, which summarizes the relevant anatomy, pathophysiology, and diagnostic and procedural options. Throughout, operations and diagnostic procedures are highlighted in succinct, illustrated technique chapters, making the book ideal for practicing cardiothoracic, thoracic, and general surgeons, as well as for residents, fellows, and allied healthcare providers. FEATURES Authors from one of the largest thoracic surgery practices and training programs in North America Covers the entire range of thoracic surgical techniques and management, along with crucial preoperative evaluation, staging, and postoperative strategies 600 illustrations commissioned especially for this book A timely focus on the trend toward minimally invasive, endoscopic, and robotic techniques Non-surgical management chapters emphasize how to successfully manage specific clinical situations Insightful overviews of topics related to particular surgical procedures are presented, including survival rates, indications, patient characteristics, and technical and oncological principles Emphasizes the basic tenets of thoracic surgery and chest disease, making it ideal for board review and recertification
The most authoritative, comprehensive, and clinicallyfocused guide to operative thoracic surgery--updatedwith the latest techniques and technologies A Doody’s Core Title for 2019! Adult Chest Surgery is a thorough, hands-on guide to the modern practice of general thoracic surgery. Broad in scope and straightforward in style and presentation, this classic is an outstanding reference for any clinician in need of a comprehensive description ofthe clinical nature of general thoracic surgery. Like its award-winning predecessor, the second edition of Adult Chest Surgery focuses on providing concise descriptions of current techniques and surgical principles for the most common thoracic surgical problems encountered in the clinic and the operating room. This edition is enhanced by 40 new chapters devoted to a range of topics including new endoscopic techniques for antireflux surgery; percutaneous thoracic tumor ablation; peroral esophageal myotomy; robotic techniques for lobectomy, esophagectomy, and thymectomy; and other new minimally invasive approaches to standard thoracic resections. It is also enriched by more than 250 new detailed illustrations of procedures, bringing the total number to 850. Adult Chest Surgery features a logical organization based on anatomy, and each section has an overview chapter, which summarizes the relevant anatomy, pathophysiology, and diagnostic and procedural options. Throughout, operations and diagnostic procedures are highlighted in succinct, illustrated technique chapters.
Conventional build-then-test practices are making today’s embedded, software-reliant systems unaffordable to build. In response, more than thirty leading industrial organizations have joined SAE (formerly, the Society of Automotive Engineers) to define the SAE Architecture Analysis & Design Language (AADL) AS-5506 Standard, a rigorous and extensible foundation for model-based engineering analysis practices that encompass software system design, integration, and assurance. Using AADL, you can conduct lightweight and rigorous analyses of critical real-time factors such as performance, dependability, security, and data integrity. You can integrate additional established and custom analysis/specification techniques into your engineering environment, developing a fully unified architecture model that makes it easier to build reliable systems that meet customer expectations. Model-Based Engineering with AADL is the first guide to using this new international standard to optimize your development processes. Coauthored by Peter H. Feiler, the standard’s author and technical lead, this introductory reference and tutorial is ideal for self-directed learning or classroom instruction, and is an excellent reference for practitioners, including architects, developers, integrators, validators, certifiers, first-level technical leaders, and project managers. Packed with real-world examples, it introduces all aspects of the AADL notation as part of an architecture-centric, model-based engineering approach to discovering embedded software systems problems earlier, when they cost less to solve. Throughout, the authors compare AADL to other modeling notations and approaches, while presenting the language via a complete case study: the development and analysis of a realistic example system through repeated refinement and analysis. Part One introduces both the AADL language and core Model-Based Engineering (MBE) practices, explaining basic software systems modeling and analysis in the context of an example system, and offering practical guidelines for effectively applying AADL. Part Two describes the characteristics of each AADL element, including their representations, applicability, and constraints. The Appendix includes comprehensive listings of AADL language elements, properties incorporated in the AADL standard, and a description of the book’s example system.
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