In 1981, a Right Wing Republican at long last resided in the White House, presiding over what may prove to be the most fundamental restructuring of American political life since the days of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Fortunately, The Republican Right since 1945 now provides us with the necessary historical understanding of conservative Republicans. David Reinhard's dispassionate yet lively book recounts the Republican Right's political struggles from the death of FDR in 1945 to the inauguration of Ronald Reagan. Younger readers will discover that Right Wing Republicans are older than Ronald Reagan or Barry Goldwater and that some conservative Republicans once feared the overextension of American power abroad and the rise of the "garrison state" at home. Those old enough to remember when the Republican Right was called the "Old Guard" will rediscover the events and personalities of those earlier years, thanks to Reinhard's use of more than thirty five manuscript collections and the most recent historical writing. Not content to let this history end where traditional manuscript sources run thin, Reinhard has brought the story of the Republican Right Wing forward to President Ronald Reagan's inauguration, placing Right Wing Republican reaction to the Johnson and the Nixon-Ford years within the context of the earlier period and chronicling the electoral triumph of Ronald Reagan and the Republican Right. Students of the past and observers of the present will appreciate Reinhard's treatment of the always-troubled Nixon-Republican Right association; challenger Ronald Reagan's battle against President Gerald Ford in 1976; the decline of GOP moderation; and the rise of the New Right-Moral Majority forces and their relationship to the now ascendant Republican Right. Reinhard illuminates the conservative Republican past and thereby makes the current political scene more understandable. Thoroughly researched and brilliantly written, The Republican Right since 1945 will fascinate scholars and general readers alike.
In Richard Barr: The Playwright’s Producer, author David A. Crespy investigates the career of one of the theatre’s most vivid luminaries, from his work on the film and radio productions of Orson Welles to his triumphant—and final—production of Stephen Sondheim’s Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street. Explored in detail along the way are the producer’s relationship with playwright Edward Albee, whose major plays such as A Zoo Story and Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf Barr was the first to produce, and his innovative productions of controversial works by playwrights like Samuel Beckett, Terrence McNally, and Sam Shepard. Crespy draws on Barr’s own writings on the theatre, his personal papers, and more than sixty interviews with theatre professionals to offer insight into a man whose legacy to producers and playwrights resounds in the theatre world. Also included in the volume are a foreword and an afterword by Edward Albee, a three-time Pulitzer Prize–winning playwright and one of Barr’s closest associates.
When thousands of Irish sailed to America to escape The Great Famine of the 1850s, most treasured among their belongings were memories of Eire . . . the auld sod, they called it. And, when the hallowed turf of The Old Course at St. Andrews is described in the parlance of Scots, it is revered as the auld sod. Echoes of these proud Gaelic voices come to life in the adventures of The Auld Sod. Set in the British Isles of the 1920s, a good-natured Scot, a headstrong Irishman, and a disagreeable Brit collide in a rollicking tale of treachery and intrigue. Innocent lives are shattered by crimes of passion, but beneath the anguish of loves lost and friendships betrayed is a study in reconciliation. Men shaped by centuries of hatred, face an age-old dilemma . . . continue the barbarity of their ancestors, or embrace the more principled behavior found in their beloved game of golf. Midst a rich tapestry of linksland, our characters advance the notion of golf as more than mere sport, but rather, the moral high ground. Within a cauldron of ethnicity and religion unique to Ireland, we find hope for an end to ancient conflicts. And, in full view of the frailties that make us human, The Auld Sod celebrates the qualities we hold most dear . . . love, honor, and the will to press on.
In this book, lexical reconstruction is used to provide links between cultural and social anthropology and linguistics in Athapaskan languages and dialects.
As the forerunners of Indian modernization, the community of Bengali intellectuals known as the Brahmo Samaj played a crucial role in the genesis and development of every major religious, social, and political movement in India from 1820 to 1930. David Kopf launches a comprehensive generation- to-generation study of this group in order to understand the ideological foundations of the modern Indian mind. His book constitutes not only a biographical and a sociological study of the Brahmo Samaj, but also an intellectual history of modern India that ranges from the Unitarian social gospel of Rammohun Roy to Rabindranath Tagore's universal humanism and Jessie Bose's scientism. From a variety of biographical sources, many of them in Bengali and never before used in research, the author makes available much valuable information. In his analysis of the interplay between the ideas, the consciousness, and the lives of these early rebels against the Hindu tradition, Professor Kopf reveals the subtle and intricate problems and issues that gradually shaped contemporary Indian consciousness. What emerges from this group portrait is a legacy of innovation and reform that introduced a rationalist tradition of thought, liberal political consciousness, and Indian nationalism, in addition to changing theology and ritual, marriage laws and customs, and the status of women. Originally published in 1979. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
In this first in-depth and wide-ranging history of Christian conversion, David Kling examines the dynamic of turning to the Christian faith by individuals, families, and people groups. Global in reach and engaging recent methods and theories in conversion studies, the narrative progresses from early Christian beginnings in the Roman world to Christianity's expansion into Europe, the Americas, China, India, and Africa. Although conversion is often associated with a particular strand of modern Christianity (evangelical) and a particular type of experience (sudden, overwhelming), when examined over two millennia, it emerges as a phenomenon far more complex than any one-dimensional profile would suggest.
- NEW! Consolidated, revised, and expanded mental health concerns chapter and consolidated pediatric health promotion chapter offer current and concise coverage of these key topics. - NEW and UPDATED! Information on the latest guidelines includes SOGC guidelines, STI and CAPWHN perinatal nursing standards, Canadian Pediatrics Association Standards, Canadian Association of Midwives, and more. - NEW! Coverage reflects the latest Health Canada Food Guide recommendations. - UPDATED! Expanded coverage focuses on global health perspectives and health care in the LGBTQ2 community, Indigenous, immigrant, and other vulnerable populations. - EXPANDED! Additional case studies and clinical reasoning/clinical judgement-focused practice questions in the printed text and on the Evolve companion website promote critical thinking and prepare you for exam licensure. - NEW! Case studies on Evolve for the Next Generation NCLEX-RN® exam provide practice for the Next Generation NCLEX.
Winner, ISHS Best of Illinois History Award, 2019 In this riveting true story of coming of age in the Chicago Mob, Charles “Charley” Hager is plucked from his rural West Virginia home by an uncle in the 1960s and thrown into an underworld of money, cars, crime, and murder on the streets of Chicago Heights. Street-smart and good with his hands, Hager is accepted into the working life of a chauffeur and “street tax” collector, earning the moniker “Little Joe College” by notorious mob boss Albert Tocco. But when his childhood friend is gunned down by a hit man, Hager finds himself a bit player in the events surrounding the mysterious, and yet unsolved, murder of mafia chief Sam Giancana. Chicago Heights is part rags-to-riches story, part murder mystery, and part redemption tale. Hager, with author David T. Miller, juxtaposes his early years in West Virginia with his life in crime, intricately weaving his own experiences into the fabric of mob life, its many characters, and the murder of Giancana. Fueled by vivid recollections of turf wars and chop shops, of fix-ridden harness racing and the turbulent politics of the 1960s, Chicago Heights reveals similarities between high-level organized crime in the city and the corrupt lawlessness of Appalachia. Hager candidly reveals how he got caught up in a criminal life, what it cost him, and how he rebuilt his life back in West Virginia with a prison record. Based on interviews with Hager and supplemented by additional interviews and extensive research by Miller, the book also adds Hager’s unique voice to the volumes of speculation about Giancana’s murder, offering a plausible theory of what happened on that June night in 1975.
This book contains biographical accounts of all 37 Governors of New South Wales from Arthur Phillip in 1788 to Marie Bashir.Highlights of the book include John Hunter's amazing sea voyages, the erratic career of the 'devious and foul-tempered' William Bligh, the highly public clashes of Sir Hercules Robinson (nicknamed the 'Crisis maker') with Governments and Parliament, the 'Boy's Own' Naval career of the swashbuckling Sir Harry Rawson, the extraordinary double life of Lord Beauchamp and the dramatic events surrounding Sir Philip Game's dismissal of Jack Lang.Leading historians such as Brian Fletcher, JM Bennett, Geoffrey Bolton, Graham Freudenberg, Anne Twomey, Chris Cunneen, Ian Hancock, Evan Williams and Rodney Cavalier tell of both extraordinary lives and the political and constitutional crises many had to face.
At the age of ten in the mid-1970's, David Marcum discovered Mr. Sherlock Holmes, and from that point, he knew that the original 60 Canonical adventures would never be enough. This, coupled with his life-long desire to write, meant that eventually he would find a way to add new stories to The Great Holmes Tapestry. The years passed, and David collected, read, and chronologicized literally thousands of traditional Canonical Sherlockian pastiches. Then, in 2008, with time on his hands while laid off from his civil engineering job during the Great Recession, David finally found his way to Watson's Tin Dispatch Box, producing The Papers of Sherlock Holmes. These first nine short stories originally sat on a shelf in his Holmes book collection before he eventually decided to share them with others. That first collection was initially published by a small press in 2011, and then in 2013 by the premiere Sherlockian publisher, MX Publishing - and after that, there was no turning back. Since then, in addition to editing over 60 volumes (most of which are Sherlockian anthologies), David has written and published over 80 Sherlockian adventures in a variety of anthologies and magazines. Now these are being collected - along with a few others that haven’t been seen before. These first five volumes contain the majority of David’s Holmesian stories - so far, with additional adventures to be collected and published as part of this ongoing series in 2022. Join us as we return to Baker Street and discover more authentic adventures of Sherlock Holmes, the man described by the estimable Dr. Watson as “the best and wisest . . . whom I have ever known.” The game is afoot! Volume I - Tales (9 Short Stories and a Novel) The Papers of Sherlock Holmes (9 Short Stories) The Adventure of the Least Winning Woman The Adventure of the Treacherous Tea The Singular Affair at Sissinghurst Castle The Adventure of the Second Chance The Haunting of Sutton House The Adventure of the Missing Missing Link The Affair of The Brother’s Request The Adventure of the Madman’s Ceremony The Adventure of the Other Brother and Sherlock Holmes and A Quantity of Debt (A Novel)
Spanning events over thirty years, Volume II of The Papers of Sherlock Holmes relates further narratives of Holmes and Watson's days in Baker Street, as well as particulars of Holmes's supposed retirement. Follow along as The Master and his Boswell travel to Yorkshire, where surprising new details of Holmes's past are revealed, and even to the United States in 1921. Written in traditional canonical style, these stories provide fresh details of Holmes's world. Join us as we climb the seventeen steps to the Baker Street sitting room, where Holmes and Watson prepare to begin their next adventure. The game is afoot!
Step into the world of Chewy, a five year old boy growing up on a farm back in the fiftys. Follow Chewy as he goes through difficult times learning to deal with the loss of a loved one and the discovery of things hidden. Watch Chewy as he goes from a boy lost in tragedy to a boy that finds long lost family secrets from the past that help to bring him out of his shell and back into the world with his dad. As Chewy struggles with the loss of his mother his father not only struggles with the loss of his wife and soul mate he struggles with his young son hiding from the world that took his mom. As a father, Chewys dad must show undying love, patience, understanding and support. And he soon learns just how innocent but yet grown up a five year old can be. As Chewy steps out of his shell and into a world of make believe, or so his father thought, Chewy not only discovers piece of mind but he discovers things from the Green families past that will amaze the world and save the day.
1917 was a year of calamitous events, and one of pivotal importance in the development of the First World War. In 1917: War, Peace, and Revolution, leading historian of World War One, David Stevenson, examines this crucial year in context and illuminates the century that followed. He shows how in this one year the war was transformed, but also what drove the conflict onwards and how it continued to escalate. Two developments in particular -- the Russian Revolution and American intervention -- had worldwide repercussions. Offering a close examination of the key decisions, David Stevenson considers Germany's campaign of 'unrestricted' submarine warfare, America's declaration of war in response, and Britain's frustration of German strategy by adopting the convoy system, as well as why (paradoxically) the military and political stalemate in Europe persisted. Focusing on the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II, on the disastrous spring offensive that plunged the French army into mutiny, on the summer attacks that undermined the moderate Provisional Government in Russia and exposed Italy to national humiliation at Caporetto, and on the British decision for the ill-fated Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele), 1917 offers a truly international understanding of events. The failed attempts to end the war by negotiation further clarify the underlying forces that kept it going. David Stevenson also analyses the global consequences of the year's developments, showing how countries such as Brazil and China joined the belligerents, Britain offered 'responsible government' to India, and the Allies promised a Jewish national home in Palestine. Blending political and military history, and moving from capital to capital and between the cabinet chamber and the battle front, the book highlights the often tumultuous debates through which leaders entered and escalated the war, and the paradox that continued fighting could be justified as the shortest road towards regaining peace.
First published in 2009, this is a collection of carefully selected extracts from biographies, memoirs, diaries, private letters and other ephemera reveal how these key nineteenth-century figures were viewed by their contemporaries. Volume 3 covers Walter Bagehot.
This monograph considers the correlation between the relative success of retributive penal policies in English-speaking liberal democracies since the 1970s, and the practical evidence of increasingly excessive reliance on the penal State in those jurisdictions. It sets out three key arguments. First, that increasingly excessive conditions in England and Wales over the last three decades represent a failure of retributive theory. Second, that the penal minimalist cause cannot do without retributive proportionality, at least in comparison to the limiting principles espoused by rehabilitation, restorative justice and penal abolitionism. Third, that another retributivism is therefore necessary if we are to confront penal excess. The monograph offers a sketch of this new approach, 'late retributivism', as both a theory of punishment and of minimalist political action, within a democratic society. Centrally, criminal punishment is approached as both a political act and a policy choice. Consequently, penal theorists must take account of contemporary political contexts in designing and advocating for their theories. Although this inquiry focuses primarily on England and Wales, its models of retributivism and of academic contribution to democratic penal policy-making are relevant to other jurisdictions, too.
David Nichols tells the story of Australian rock and pop music from 1960 to 1985 – formative years in which the nation cast off its colonial cultural shackles and took on the world. Generously illustrated and scrupulously researched, Dig combines scholarly accuracy with populist flair. Nichols is an unfailingly witty and engaging guide, surveying the fertile and varied landscape of Australian popular music in seven broad historical chapters, interspersed with shorter chapters on some of the more significant figures of each period. The result is a compelling portrait of a music scene that evolves in dynamic interaction with those in the United States and the UK, yet has always retained a strong sense of its own identity and continues to deliver new stars – and cult heroes – to a worldwide audience. Dig is a unique achievement. The few general histories to date have been highlight reels, heavy on illustration and short on detail. And while there have been many excellent books on individual artists, scenes and periods, and a couple of first-rate encylopedias, there’s never been a book that told the whole story of the irresistible growth and sweep of a national music culture. Until now . . .
Ethnic values changed as Imperial Rome expanded, challenging ethnocentric values in Rome itself, as well as in Greece and Judea. Rhetorically, Roman, Greek, and Judean writers who eulogized their cities all claimed they would receive foreigners. Further, Greco-Roman narratives of urban tensions between rich and poor, proud and humble, promoted reconciliation and fellowship between social classes. Luke wrote Acts in this ethnic, economic, political context, narrating Jesus as a founder who changed laws to encourage receiving foreigners, which promoted civic, missionary growth and legitimated interests of the poor and humble. David L. Balch relates Roman art to early Christianity and introduces famous, pre-Roman Corinthian artists. He shows women visually represented as priests, compares Dionysian and Corinthian charismatic speech and argues that larger assemblies of the earliest, Pauline believers “sat” (1 Cor 14.30) in taverns. Also, the author demonstrates that the image of a pregnant woman in Revelation 12 subverts imperial claims to the divine origin of the emperor, before finally suggesting that visual representations by Roman domestic artists of “a category of women who upset expected forms of conduct” (Bergmann) encouraged early Christian women like Thecla, Perpetua and Felicitas to move beyond gender stereotypes of being victims. Balch concludes with two book reviews, one of Nicolas Wiater's book on the Greek biographer and historian Dionysius, who was a model for both Josephus and Luke-Acts, the second of a book by Frederick Brenk on Hellenistic philosophy and mystery religion in relation to earliest Christianity."--
Restorative justice has attracted increasing support world-wide, but it sits uncomfortably alongside entrenched attitudes towards punishment and retribution. Because it does not involve 'locking-up people and throwing away the key' it is not favoured reading for risk-averse politicians or the media. There are also vested interests at play which can be traced back to when the state first sought to enhance its coffers and cast victims to the sidelines. As a result, the concept of 'mercy' has become largely lost, distorting relationships between victims, offenders and communities. 'This is a book for everyone concerned about the unfortunate state of our existing penal practices': Tapio Lappi-Seppälä. The author argues that rediscovering mercy would lead to a more humane and purposeful form of criminal justice. His book looks at the characteristics of mercy and explains how it has become confused with mitigation and leniency. He goes on to deconstruct and analyze current theories and make proposals for reform. Long-overdue reform of contemporary criminal justice necessitates, as the author writes, a 'paradigm-shift' requiring inspired leadership and a consensus to 'do justice better' between policy-makers, academics, jurists, professionals and opinion-formers. The book examines the implications and challenges of such a journey and its value in helping to shape a modern, progressive, enlightened and civilised society. Identifies a lost ingredient of criminal justice: shows where criminal justice 'went wrong' and why it needs to recover and change direction; contains important new proposals. Based on a lifetime's experience of prisons and dealing with prisoners of all kinds in the UK and abroad. David J Cornwell has extensive experience of prisons and is an expert on restorative justice. His books include Criminal Punishment and Restorative Justice (2006) and the more recently acclaimed Civilising Criminal Justice (2013) (as editor: with John Blad and Martin Wright). Tapio Lappi-Seppälä is Director General of the National Research Institute of Legal Policy and former senior legislative adviser on criminal law in Finland's Ministry of Justice.
This book examines the Civil Rights Movement from the perspective of a single year, 1964. The book analyses specific events that occurred in 1964 as benchmarks of the Civil Right Movement, making the case that 1964 was a watershed year. Each chapter considers individually politics, rhetoric, sports, dramatic literature, film, art, and music, breaking down the events and illustrating their importance to the social and political life in the United States in 1964. This study emphasizes 1964 as a nodal point in the history of the Civil Rights Movement, arguing that it was within this single year that the tide against racism and injustice turned markedly. This book will be of great interest to the scholars and students of civil rights, theatre and performance, art history, and drama literature.
Police found John Doe No. 24 in the early morning hours of October 11, 1945, in Jacksonville, Illinois. Unable to communicate, the deaf and mute teenager was labeled “feeble minded” and sentenced by a judge to the nightmarish jumble of the Lincoln State School and Colony in Jacksonville. He remained in the Illinois mental health care system for over thirty years and died at the Sharon Oaks Nursing Home in Peoria on November 28, 1993. Deaf, mute, and later blind, the young black man survived institutionalized hell: beatings, hunger, overcrowding, and the dehumanizing treatment that characterized state institutions through the 1950s. In spite of his environment, he made friends, took on responsibilities, and developed a sense of humor. People who knew him found him remarkable. Award-winning journalist Dave Bakke reconstructs the life of John Doe No. 24 through research into a half-century of the state mental health system, personal interviews with people who knew him at various points during his life, and sixteen black-and-white illustrations. After reading a story about John Doe in the New York Times, acclaimed singer-songwriter Mary Chapin Carpenter wrote and recorded “John Doe No. 24” and purchased a headstone for his unmarked grave. She contributes a foreword to this book. As death approached for the man known only as John Doe No. 24, his one-time nurse Donna Romine reflected sadly on his mystery. “Ah, well,” she said, “God knows his name.”
The classic 1940 study of con men and con games that Luc Sante in Salon called “a bonanza of wild but credible stories, told concisely with deadpan humor, as sly and rich in atmosphere as anything this side of Mark Twain.” “Of all the grifters, the confidence man is the aristocrat,” wrote David Maurer, a proposition he definitely proved in The Big Con, one of the most colorful, well-researched, and entertaining works of criminology ever written. A professor of linguistics who specialized in underworld argot, Maurer won the trust of hundreds of swindlers, who let him in on not simply their language but their folkways and the astonishingly complex and elaborate schemes whereby unsuspecting marks, hooked by their own greed and dishonesty, were “taken off” – i.e. cheated—of thousands upon thousands of dollars. The Big Con is a treasure trove of American lingo (the write, the rag, the payoff, ropers, shills, the cold poke, the convincer, to put on the send) and indelible characters (Yellow Kid Weil, Barney the Patch, the Seldom Seen Kid, Limehouse Chappie, Larry the Lug). It served as the source for the Oscar-winning film The Sting.
Love Sketches explores the sensuality of romance and the varieties and vagaries of love..Former colleagues, almost lovers, meet to discuss literature only to discover a yearning that rekindles their lost romance; teenagers infused with the early fl owering of romance struggle to maintain that romance against all odds; a young romantic learns a tragic lesson of love and redemption all too soon; an elderly professor devises a plan for one last try at romance; and amid an atmosphere rich in romance and sensuality two close friends reunite to reveal deep feelings theyve held for one another, feelings which went unnourished for those years they had convinced one another they were just friends. Book Review The fourteen stories in this collection bring us up close and personal with the many faces of love. These are more than sketches; these stories cover love's waterfront. The characters are ordinary, innocent, worldly and they are stopped short when they're tripped up by and succumb to love. The settings are varied - run-down apartment buildings, city offices, motel rooms, sleekly designed suburban homes, but the message is the same- regardless of age or class or means, love is acutely and intensely felt. There is romance but these are not simple romantic stories. The characters are complex, their lives are often adverse and conflicted, filled with guilt, anxiety and crises of conscience and there are no easy answers and few resolutions. The reader is sometimes forced to think beyond stereotypes- of age and class; we are often surprised by the turn of events, by sudden acts of tenderness. But the charge of love is everywhere, and the sensuality and sensuousness of the language is what stands out. There is a grace and lightness in the writing where a look, a touch, a sigh, a gesture between lovers allows the reader to be party to the ache and intimacy of the characters. Much is gleaned in these small gestures and much is left unsaid. Nature too plays a part- lovers walk through city parks, shelter under an umbrella in a rain shower, gaze out at lush trees though a huge glass window. The stories are suffused with longing and in some an air of melancholy pervades. In `Close Friends' two friends - `almost lovers' once- meet again and realise that love has held up after many years. In `Claire' a lonely wife prepares for a rendezvous with a man she doesn't even like in her desperate need for connection. This `dirty realist' story is played out against a backdrop of strip malls and dollar shops, but it is Claire's inner dialogue and longing for union with her husband that leaves the greatest impression. In `Bus Trip' and `The Graveyard of Romance' the sparse conversations and the minutiae of the daily lives of married couples are closely observed, and despite a lifetime of shared experiences and much compassion there is a palpable loneliness at the heart of these relationships. The Dance of Romance is a witty poignant glimpse of a 70 year Eng Lit professor as he comes to terms with the loss of his attractiveness to girls and women. `What I wanted was one last chance to push the pause button ...' In the perfectly paced story `A Long Romance' Dalton, a rich, middle- class, forty-something year old is captivated by Joleen, a young office girl. The reader is prepared to suspect his motives but for a while it is Joleen we mistrust. Their unlikely love is conveyed skilfully though Joleen's unique voice with her Southern dialect and colloquialisms and her utter honesty, and when the tears come they are killer tears. There is nothing precious or sentimental here, but it is achingly moving....`I can't believe somebody like you could happen to somebody like me.' The lovers in this collection are young, old, rich and poor, angry and vulnerable- love has indeed `many faces'. There are some happy endings but most of the characters are left to their uncertain lives, in sto
His summer after college graduation was never supposed to turn out this way. But when Jack Duran's older, vagabond brother Dan goes missing in Mexico, Jack heads to Puerta Vallarta to find him. With two friends in tow, Jack follows Dan's trail of shady dealings, which leads him to a Bahamian yachtsman and his bikini-clad crew. Sailing down the jungle-covered coast, they soon discover that Dan had been searching for a shipwreck. But some treasures are meant to stay buried... When they finally locate the sunken ruins, they begin their furious search for the booty until, one by one, the divers begin to disappear. Could they be the victims of el Diablo Blanco, a deadly local legend come to life? Blinded by the prospect of untold riches, Jack travels toward the very brink of the abyss as he pursues his harrowing quest for... DARK GOLD
More than ever, society faces painful choices in the allocation of resources for health care. How it makes these choices, and how wise they are, will determine the quality and character of health care for years to come. David Mechanic examines existing and impending dilemmas the American health care system must manage as it confronts these choices. He explores conceptual approaches to health and health care, showing how these translate into research, and defines a strategy for informed choice. The result is a masterful volume by one of our leading medical sociologists at the peak of his career. Mechanic looks at the continuing emphasis on biomedical technology in the context of growing economic, constraints, as medical care becomes more expensive and demands become greater. He examines the discrepancy between public expectations and how health care is actually provided, and points out increasing discordance between demographic trends and disease patterns and the medical system's emphasis on acute care. Of particular concern is the enormous gap between entitlements for medical care and the increasing need for long-term care. This gap is of particular concern because of the United States's enormous investment in health care, which now consumes 11 percent of the Gross National Product, Although there is no particular consensus on what is an appropriate level of investment in health, policymakers are impatient with the medical system's apparent inability to control costs, and are concerned as well about the competition for resources between health and other sectors. Mechanic examines new trends, such as managed care, and transformation of the role of those who provide health care from patient advocates to allocators of services-a crucial distinction. The choices that will have to be made in the next decades are difficult They will also be painful, but they are inevitable. The key challenge will be to respond to the anxieties of the 37 million uninsured children and adults, the growing numbers of frail elderly, and the needs of patients with serious mental illness and other chronic disabilities. All of this must be accomplished while maintaining a high level of service for the rest of the population, and without breaking the bank. To achieve this, Mechanic argues, health services must be shaped to enhance function and quality of life, and not simply in response to technological imperatives. In its profound understanding of the social and political context, in which competitive initiative, the growth of regulation, new health care systems, and approaches for making research sensitive to patients are all evident, "Painful Choices "provides a framework for responsive and meaningful policy analysis.
High King selection over other kings ensured there would always be an adult on the throne, but warfare and murder followed. Overlordship was only submission under duress, ignored unless enforced. Vikings kept coming, to settle, fight for possession, or for hire. Highland Chiefs are re-aligned by sourced history. Sigurd Rollo raided Scotland and became Jarl of Shetland and Orkney. He landed on the northern coast of France where his descendants became Dukes of Normandy. Erik Rollo accompanied his uncle, William the Conqueror, on the invasion of England, and Richard, followed King David I of Scotland when he left the English court to reclaim his Scottish throne. Wallace was betrayed. 'Rollo' first appears in a 1141 charter granted by Robert de Brus, another Norman Viking descendant. Sir Henry de Bohun, an English knight, was killed by Robert the Bruce before his Battle of Bannockburn.
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